scholarly journals Effect of testosterone on antler growth in yearling male reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Ryg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

<p>1. The effect of exogenous testosterone on ander growth in yearling male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) was tested. 2. Testosterone (33 mg/kg) inhibited antler growth, and in one animal induced cleaning and subsequent casting of the antlers. This animal grew a new set of antlers, which were cleaned at the normal time. 3. During treatment, there was an inverse relationship between peak testosterone levels and antler growth rate. 4. There was no effect of treatment on body weight or food intake. 5. It is concluded that the effects of testosterone on antler growth are qualitatively the same in reindeer as in other deer. However, because high testosterone doses were necessary to produce effects, it is questionable whether this hormone normally is responsible for the cessation of antler growth in reindeer.</p><p>Virkningen av testosteron p&aring; gevirvekst hos ett&aring;rige reinbukker.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: 1. Virkningen av testosteron p&aring; gevirvekst hos ett-&aring;rige reinbukker (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) ble unders&oslash;kt. 2. Testosteron (33 mg/kg) hemmet gevirveksten, og hos ett dyr f&oslash;rte behandlingen til at geviret ble feiet og deretter felt. Deretter vokste det ut ett nytt gevir, som ble feiet til vanlig tid. 3. Det var en negativ korrelasjon mellom maksimale testosteronniv&aring;er og gevirvekst under behandlingen. 4. Det var ingen effekt p&aring; forinntak eller vektutvikling. 5. Det blir konkludert med at virkningen av testosteron p&aring; gevirvekst er kvalitativt den samme hos rein som hos andre hjortedyr. Det er likevel tvilsomt om testosteron normalt er ansvarlig for avslutningen av gevirvekst hos rein, fordi store testosterondoser m&aring;tte til for &aring; f&aring; noen virkning.</p><p>Testosteronin vaikutus vuodenik&aring;isten urosporojen sarvien kasvuun.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Tiivistelm&auml;: 1. Tutkimuksessa seurattiin ruiskeena annetun testosteronin vaikutusta vuodenik&aring;isten urosporojen (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) sarvien kasvuun. 2. Testosteron! (33 mg/kg) hidasti sarvien kasvua, aiheuttaen yhdess&aring; el&aring;imess&aring; sarvien kelomisen ja pudottamisen. Talle el&aring;imelle kasvoi uudestaan sarvet, jotka se keloi normaaliin aikaan. 3. Testosteronin huipputaso veress&aring; oli k&aring;sittelyaikana k&aring;&aring;nt&aring;en verrannollinen sarvien kasvunopeuteen. 4. K&aring;sittely ei vaikuttanut el&aring;inten ruumiinpainoon eik&aring; niiden ruokahaluun. 5. Voidaan p&aring;&aring;tell&aring; testosteronin vaikutuksien sarvien kasvuun olevan porossa laadullisesti yht&aring;l&aring;iset kuin muissakin hirviel&aring;imiss&aring;. Koska vaikutuksen aikaansaamiseksi vaadittiin korkeita testosteroniannoksia, voidaan kuitenkin pit&aring;&aring; kyseenalaisena, onko kyseinen hormoni normaalisti vastuussa poronsarven kasvun keskeytymisest&aring;.</p>

Characteristics of first-antler growth in reindeer and their association with seasonal fluctuations in steroid and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2096-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Blake ◽  
J E Rowell ◽  
J M Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Measurable Growth

Growth and development of the pedicles and first antlers were monitored in seven reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves (three males, four females) from birth to 1 year of age. Calves were weighed, blood was sampled, and antler observations and (or) measurements were taken on the day of birth and days 2, 4, and 7 and then at weekly intervals for the remainder of the year. Prior to measurable growth, the frontal lateral crest was carefully palpated for evidence of pedicle initiation, starting on the day of birth. Calves were born between April 8 and 26, 1994. Pedicle initiation occurred in all reindeer by day 7. Velvet skin first appeared when calves were 4-6 weeks old, when estimated pedicle height was 3.5 ± 0.9 cm (mean ± SD). Antler growth in both sexes followed a sigmoidal pattern, producing a mean antler length of 33.5 ± 4.2 and 46.7 ± 13.8 cm in females and males, respectively. Antler growth was complete by week 18 in females and week 21 in males. Velvet cleaning was associated with a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels in males and estradiol-17beta (but not testosterone) levels in females. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were significantly higher in males than in females and were positively correlated with the period of most rapid antler growth in both sexes. Casting occurred between March 14 and April 17, when steroid levels were at a minimum, and was immediately followed by growth of the second antler.

Effects of castration on growth and food intake cycles in young male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Ryg ◽  
Endre Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Cyclic Changes

To establish whether testicular factors are essential for the regulation of the growth cycle of reindeer, we investigated changes in food intake and body weight in intact and castrated males from March to December. The castrates gained less weight than the intact animals during summer, and during late summer food intake was lower in the castrates. During late September and early October, coinciding with testosterone peaks, the intact animals lost weight, whereas the weight of the castrates was stable. In spite of these differences, cyclic changes in food intake and rate of weight gain was seen also in the castrates. The regulation of the growth cycle in male reindeer can therefore only partly be dependent on testicular factors.

A comparison of the effects of infection with Eimeria maxima and dietary restriction on weight gain, plasma metabolites and liver glycogen in the immature fowl, Gallus domesticus

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chapman ◽  
D. L. Fernandes ◽  
T. F. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Eimeria Maxima

SUMMARYThe effects of Eimeria maxima or restricted pair-feeding on weight gain, plasma concentrations of protein, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and uric acid and liver glycogen were compared in immature fowl. Food intake/kg body weight and weight gain decreased during the acute phase of infection (days 5–7) while weight loss was prolonged for an extra day compared with pair-fed birds. During recovery, food intake/kg body weight of infected birds was greater than that of non-infected controls but there was no evidence for an increase in growth rate compared with controls when body weight was considered. Growth rate of pair-fed birds was greater than that of infected birds during recovery, indicating their better use of ingested food. Liver glycogen and plasma protein concentration were decreased during the acute phase of infection but the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and uric acid were not affected. In pair-fed birds liver glycogen was depleted, concentrations of plasma glucose and uric acid decreased and FFA increased, and these changes persisted for the remainder of the experiment. The findings are similar to those in birds whose food has been withheld and were probably due to the pattern of food intake imposed by the experimental protocol. It is concluded that the metabolic differences between infected and pair-fed birds are of doubtful significance.

scholarly journals Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Aregheore ◽  
K. Becker ◽  
H.P.S. Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Diet Control

Seeds from a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas (Capo Verde, Nicaragua) were processed, defatted and ground to obtain the meal. The meal was subjected to heat and 14 different chemical treatments to detoxify the meal of lectin and phorbolesters. Heat treatment inactivated lectin, but not phorbolester. One of the treatments reduced phorbolesters to a tolerable level of 0.09 mg/g. The treated meals with other ingredients were used in diets to assess acceptance and nutritive value of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal in two experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 had twelve (12) male weanling rats each, Sprague Dawley strain, 28-30 days old, pre-experimental average body weights of 8379±7.2 and 84.6±6.4 g, respectively. They were divided into three groups according to body weight and fed casein diet (control) and two diets in which Jatropha curcas was the protein source. In experiment 1, the rats accepted diet 1, but did not fully accept diet 2. Food intake, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food transformation index (T1) were significantly better (P<0.05) in diet 1 than in the casein and diet 2. In experiment 2, casein diet was better (P<0.05) in food intake, growth rate, PER and TI than diets 1 and 2. Food intake with Jatropha meal was significantly reduced and the rats had drastic body weight loss (P<0.05) and this might be due to the presence of phorbolesters in the diets. Generally, the presence of phorbolesters in food has significant effect on its acceptance. Jatropha meal obtained from treatment 3 had a crude protein (CP) content of 68%, far higher than the CP content of most oilseed meals (soyabean). This treatment seems a better method of detoxifying Jatropha curcas meal for livestock but in economic terms it is expensive to produce a meal from it.

Multibreed comparisons of British cattle. Variation in body weight, growth rate and food intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen ◽  
Eva Hnizdo ◽  
D. A. G. Maxwell ◽  
D. Gibson ◽  
C. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Breed Selection ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTA multibreed cattle experiment involving 25 British breeds was set up to study genetic variation between breeds and genetic inter-breed relationships for a wide spectrum of traits in order to examine the problems of between-breed testing and selection. The experimental design is described and results on between-breed variation are presented for four traits.All animals were housed indoors and from 12 weeks of age were given a single complete pelleted diet ad libitum through a system of Calan-Broadbent electronic gates. Females were mated to produce one purebred and three crossbred calves, which were reared to slaughter in order to measure the efficiency of the cow-calf unit of production.Results based on a total of 292 animals, with an average of 12 per breed, are presented for body weight, cumulated voluntary food intake, daily weight gain and daily food intake over the age range from 12 to 72 weeks. The 25 breed-mean curves for body weight and cumulated food intake displayed a remarkably uniform pattern of rankings at all ages and the rankings were very similar for both traits.The multibreed design used was effective in estimating between-breed variation as a proportion of total variation for the four traits examined. After approximately 1 year of age, the proportion of variation between breeds was approximately 0·70 for body weight and 0·60 for cumulated voluntary food intake. Changes in these traits could therefore be brought about more effectively by selection between breeds rather than within breeds. For average daily weight gain measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was estimated to be most effective in the period of maximum growth rate between 6 and 9 months of age, when between-breed variation was 0·52 of the total. For average daily food intake, measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was likely to be effective beyond 6 months of age, when the proportion of between-breed variation plateaued at 0·48.At all ages, the coefficient of genetic variation between breeds was approximately 0·14 for body weight and daily gain, and remarkably constant at approximately 0·12 for both daily and cumulated food intake. It is suggested that, for growth and intake traits, the genetic variances within and between breeds remain proportional to each other at all ages.

Genetic variation and responses in reproductive performance of sows in lines selected for growth rate under restricted feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Nguyen ◽  
C. P. McPhee ◽  
C. M. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Reproduction Traits

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine genetic changes in reproduction traits in sows (total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), average piglet birth weight (ABW) and number of piglets weaned (NW), body weight prior to mating (MW), gestation length (GL) and daily food intake during lactation (DFI)) in lines of Large White pigs divergently selected over 4 years for high and low post-weaning growth rate on a restricted ration. Heritabilities and repeatabilities of the reproduction traits were also determined. The analyses were carried out on 913 litter records using average information-restricted maximum likelihood method applied to single trait animal models. Estimates of heritability for most traits were small, except for ABW (0·33) and MW (0·35). Estimates of repeatability were slightly higher than those of heritability for TNB, NBA and NW, but they were almost identical for ABW, MW, GL and DFI. After 4 years of selection, the high growth line sows had significantly heavier body weight prior to mating and produced significantly more piglets born alive with heavier average birth weight than the low line sows. There were, however, no statistical differences between the selected lines in TNB or NW. The lower food intake of high relative to low line sows during lactation was not significant, indicating that daily food intake differences found between grower pigs in the high and low lines (2·71 v. 2·76 kg/day, s.e.d. 0·024) on ad libitum feeding were not fully expressed in lactating sows. It is concluded that selection for growth rate on the restricted ration resulted in beneficial effects on important measures of reproductive performance of thea sows.

Annual serum PICP and ICTP and antler growth in female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Heidi Vierimaa ◽  
Mirja-Liisa Sassi ◽  
Eija Eloranta ◽  
Markku Rahiala ◽  
Jouni Timisjärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Antler Growth

A note on effect of exercise on behaviour and performance of confined swine

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Morrison ◽  
H. F. Hintz ◽  
R. L. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
And Performance

The effects of exercise on food intake, growth rate and behaviour were investigated in two trials with 32 pigs. The exercise took the form of running or walking four times the length of a concrete path twice a day. Food intake and rate of gain in body weight were decreased by exercise; the thickness of back fat was not significantly affected. Exercise increased the amount of time spent resting. It is concluded that exercise does not appear to be a practical method of producing leaner carcasses.

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