scholarly journals A SEM study of the reindeer sinus worm (Linguatula arctica)

Rangifer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Nikander ◽  
Seppo Saari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Definite Host ◽  
Cuticular Surface ◽  
Direct Life Cycle

Pentastomids are a group of peculiar parasitic arthropods, often referred to as tongue worms due to the resemblance of some species to a tongue. Linguatula arctica is the sinus worm of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), being the only pentastomid to have a direct life cycle and an ungulate as a definite host. Here, the surface structures and internal anatomy of adult L. arctica are described as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sinus worms were collected in the winter 1991-92 in Finnish Lapland. Paranasal cavities of about 80 reindeer were examined and 30 sinus worms were found. The sinus worms had typical Linguatula sp. morphology, being paddle-shaped, transparent, pale yellow, dorsoventrally flattened and pseudosegmented with a long tapering end. Present at the anteroventral part of the cephalothorax was an oral opening with a large, conspicuous, head-like papillar structure. Bilaterally, on both sides of this opening, was a pair of strong curved hooks. The cephalothorax and abdomen had a segmented appearance, as they showed distinct annulation. There was a small cup-shaped sensory organ present at the lateral margin on each annula. The posterior edge of each annula was roughened by tiny spines projecting backwards. Throughout the cuticular surface, small, circular depressions that represented the apical portion of chloride cells. The genital opening of the male was located medioventrally between the tips of the posterior pair of hooks, and that of the female posteroventrally and subterminally. In both sexes, the genital opening was bilaterally flanked by papillar (in males) or leaf-like (in females) structures. One copulating couple was present, with the male attached to the posteroventral part of the female with its anteroventral hooks and papillae. Several structures typical of arthropods and other pentastomids were identified. Because SEM allows only surfaces to be studied, the morphology and especially the sense organs of L. arctica remain obscure. Transmission electron microscopy should be employed to gain more information about this fascinating creature and its origin.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto:Elektronimikroskooppinen tutkimus poron kielimadosta (Linguatula arctica) Pentastomida (matoäyriäiset) ovat ryhmä erikoisia parasiitteihin kuuluvia niveljalkaisia. Niitä kutsutaan usein kielimadoiksi, sillä monet ryhmään kuuluvista lajeista ovat muodoltaan kielimäisiä. Linguatula arctica, poron kielimato, on poron nenäonteloon liittyvissä sivuonteloissa elävä loinen. Se on ainoa tunnettu matoäyriäinen, jolla on sorkkaeläin pääisäntänä ja suora (ilman väli-isäntää tapahtuva) elämänkierto. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin L. arctica -loisen pinta- ja sisärakenteita pyyhkäisyelektronimikroskoopin avulla. Loiset kerättiin Suomen lapista talvella 1991–92. Nenän sivuontelot tutkittiin loisten varalta noin 80 porosta, ja niistä löydettiin yhteensä 30 kielimatoa. Kielimatojen ulkonäkö oli tyypillinen Linguatula-suvun loisille. Ne olivat melanmuotoisia, läpikuultavia, vaalean kellertäviä, litteitä, ne vaikuttivat jaokkeisilta ja niillä oli pitkä loppua kohden kapeneva häntä. Suu sijaitsi vatsapuolella lähellä etupäätä, ja suuhun liittyneenä oli selvästi erottuva päämäinen uloke. Suuaukon tuntumassa, suuaukon molemmilla puolilla oli pari voimakkaasti kehittyneitä kynsimäisiä koukkurakenteita. Kielimadon ulkopinta koostui annulaarisista rakenteista, mistä johtuen se vaikutti jaokkeiselta. Loisen sivuissa, kunkin jaokkeen reunassa, oli tuntoelin, joka näkyi pyyhkäisyelektronimikroskoopilla kuppimaisena syvennyksenä. Jaokerenkaiden takareuna oli pienten, taaksepäin suuntautuneiden kitiinipiikkien karhentama. Koko ulkopinnan alueella nähtiin pieniä, pyöreitä painautumia, joiden todettiin olevan loisen pintaan avautuva kärkiosa niin kutsutuista kloridisoluista. Koiraskielimadon sukuaukko sijaitsi vatsapuolella takimmaisen koukkuparin kärkien tasolla, naaraan vastaavasti vatsapuolella lähellä takapäätä. Sekä koiraalla että naaraalla nähtiin sukuaukon molemmissa reunoissa ulokkeet, jotka koiraalla olivat nystymäiset ja naaraalla lehtimäiset. Tutkitussa materiaalissa todettiin yksi paritteleva kielimatopari. Tutkimuksessa voitiin tunnistaa useita niveljalkaisille ja matoäyriäisille tyypillisiä rakenteita. Koska pyyhkäisyelektronimikroskoopin avulla voidaan tutkia ainoastaan pintarakenteita, erityisesti tuntoelimien rakenteista saatu informaatio jäi pinnalliseksi. Läpivalaisu- eli transmissioelektronimikroskoopin avulla tästä kiehtovasta eliöstä ja sen alkuperästä olisi mahdollista saada lisää tietoa.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:En elektronmikropisk studie av renens bihålemask (Linguatula arctica) Pentastomiderna är en grupp egendomliga, parasitiska ledfotingar ofta beskrivna som tungmaskar beroende på att några arter är tunglika. Linguatula arctica är renens (Rangifer tarandus) bihålemask, den enda pentastomid som har en direkt livscykel och ett klövdjur som slutvärd. Nedan beskrivs ytstrukturer och inre morfologi av könsmogna L. arctica sedda med skanningelektronmikroskop (SEM). Bihålemaskarna insamlades vintrarna 1991 och 1992 i Finlands Lappland. De paranasala håligheterna på ca 80 slaktade renar undersöktes och 30 bihålemaskar upptäcktes. Bihålemaskarna hade för Linguatula arterna typisk morfologi. De var paddelformade, delvis genomskinliga, svagt gulaktiga, tillplattade och skenbart segmenterade med en lång smal bakkropp. På framkroppens undre sida fanns en munöppning med ett stort tydligt huvudliknande utskott. På båda sidor om denna öppning fanns ett par starka krökta hakar. Framkroppen och bakkroppen hade ett segmenterat utseende, emedan ytan hade tydlig annulation. Det fanns små koppformade känselorgan på sidan av varje annula. Bakkanten av varje annula var försedd med små bakåt riktade taggar. Hela ytan (kutikulan) var full av små, runda fördjupningar, som var den synliga delen av kloridcellerna. Hanens genitalöppning var på undre sidan mellan det bakre paret av hakarna och honans i spetsen på bakkroppen. Genitalöppningen hos hanen hade lateralt papiller och honans bladlika strukturer. Ett kopulerande par där hanen hade fäst sig med hakar och papiller vid honans bakkropp observerades. Flera strukturer karakteristiska för ledfotingar och pentastomider identifierades. Emedan endast ytor kan studeras med SEM förblir morfologin, speciellt känselorganens, okänd. Undersökningar med transmissionselektronmikroskop borde göras för att få mer information om denna fascinerande varelse och dess ursprung.

Visually Significant Opacification of Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses – A Clinico-Pathological Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K.Y. Yong ◽  
P.A. Netto ◽  
W.-J. Heng ◽  
E.-Y. Yap ◽  
H.-M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pathological Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lens ◽  
Initial Implantation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose To describe the clinic-pathological analysis of the visually significant opacification of the Cirrus International Hydroflex™ foldable hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (model SC600-2, Medical Developmental Research Inc., Clearwater, Florida) and to highlight that this IOL is the same model as the Acryflex™ SC600-2 IOL, by the same manufacturer. Methods Retrospective review of five eyes of four patients with opacification of their Cirrus International Hydroflex™ foldable hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (model SC600-2) after uncomplicated phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Two IOLs were explanted from two patients 14 to 24 months after initial implantation. Each explanted lens was divided into equal halves, one half for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study and the other half for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. SEM and TEM samples were also subjected to energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Results The IOL opacification was detected 14 to 24 months after uncomplicated phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. EDX analysis showed that the crystals contained calcium and phosphorus, presumably calcium phosphate. Conclusions The Cirrus Inter national Hydroflex™ foldable hydrophilic acr ylic IOL (model SC600-2) is associated with opacification, that appeared worse centrally than peripherally. This is the same model as the Acryflex™ SC600-2 IOL, made by the same manufacturer. The opacification consists of calcium and phosphate.

Analysis of Gill Structure from a Fresh Water Fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) Exposed to Bleached Sulfite Pulp Mill Effluents

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Dey ◽  
Utpal Rajguru ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Pathak ◽  
Umesh C. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sulfite Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe present communication reports toxic effects of bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents in fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) gills, with optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The general adverse effects include dilation of the primary lamellar wall, curling of secondary lamellar terminals, displacement of epithelial cell layers, degeneration of secondary lamella, deposition of mucous, and severe congestion in the gill arch. The significant shortening of secondary lamellae, widening of lamellar tips, and significant decrease in the number of mitochondria in chloride cells as compared to controls are some specific effects of bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated tearing of tissues in gill lamellae and arches. Transmission electron microscopy revealed membrane distortion of mitochondria in chloride cells, loss of uniformity of microvilli in pavement cells, and abnormalities in nuclear shape in different cells of effluent-exposed fish gills. Toxicity of the bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents and its impact on fish are discussed in the light of existing literature. Further, the importance of microscopy in toxicological evaluation of environmental pollutants is emphasized in view of its specific application potential.

A combined TEM and SEM study of erosive wear

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
T.H. Kosel ◽  
R.O. Scattergood ◽  
A.P.L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Copper Single Crystals

Mechanisms of erosive wear are being studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine the subsurface dislocation structures developed and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface topography. Specimens of recrystallized Ni 200 and copper single crystals have been eroded with 5 to 25μm glass microbeads and with 40 and 150 μm A12O3 particles at 53 m/sec using a slinger type erosion apparatus. Thin foils parallel to the original rough eroded surface and one μm or more below it have been prepared by first electroplating a few microns of nickel on the specimen and then electropolishing it away. Thin foil sections at 45̊ to the original surface have been prepared by sectioning specimens with thick electroplated layers; these allow observations to be made at different depths in the same foil.Material removal during particle impingement erosion at low angles of incidence probably occurs by a cutting or micromachining mechanism similar to that suggested by Finnie (1).

Peanut lectin binds to a subpopulation of mitochondria-rich cells in the rainbow trout gill epithelium

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. R1718-R1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg G. Goss ◽  
Sophia Adamia ◽  
Fernando Galvez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Percoll Density Gradient ◽  
Trout Gill

Fluorescently labeled peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA-FITC) was used to identify a subtype of mitochondria-rich (MR) cells in the gills of freshwater rainbow trout. In situ binding of PNA-FITC was visualized by inverted fluorescence microscopy and found to bind to cells on the trailing edge of the filament epithelium as demonstrated by differential interference contrast optics. The amount of PNA-FITC binding on the filament epithelium increased with cortisol pretreatment concomitant with an increased chloride cell fractional area as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Dispersed gill cells were isolated by trypsinization and separated using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. Cells migrating to the 1.06–1.09 g/ml interface were found to be MR as demonstrated by staining with the vital mitochondrial dye 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium iodide and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, only ∼40% of the MR cells were found to bind PNA-FITC. Cortisol pretreatment increased the relative numbers of MR cells isolated from the dispersed gill cell population, but the relative proportions of PNA binding cells remained unchanged. Ultrastructural analysis of isolated cells in the TEM demonstrated that the MR cell fraction was comprised of a mixed population of chloride cells and pavement cells.

The distribution, external morphology, and presumptive function of the surface microstructures of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus (Crustacea: Amphipoda), with emphasis on the calceolus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thomas Read ◽  
D. Dudley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
Surface Microstructures ◽  
Cuticular Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

The entire cuticular surface of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and, to a limited degree, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. A large array of microstructures was found, including calceoli, microtrich arrays, aesthetascs, sensory spines (cone- and club-shaped), pores, type A pegs, setae (simple, hamate, serrate, serrulate, fin type, plumoserrate, plumose, cuspidate, and simple flat), and apical spine teeth. The morphological characteristics, location, and pattern of distribution of each structure are described. Possible functions of each structure are presented.

scholarly journals Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez Romano ◽  
Karen K. Sørensen ◽  
Anett K. Larsen ◽  
Torill Mørk ◽  
Morten Tryland
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common transmissible ocular disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). In large outbreaks, IKC may affect tens of animals in a herd, with the most severe cases often requiring euthanasia due to the destruction of the affected eyes and permanent blindness. An experimental inoculation with cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2), alone or in combination with Moraxella bovoculi, demonstrated that CvHV2 has the ability to cause clinical signs of IKC in previously unexposed reindeer. Tissues collected from upper and lower eyelids, lacrimal gland and cornea, were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological analysis of the eyes inoculated with CvHV2 showed widespread and severe pathological findings. Mucosal tissues from these eyes showed fibrinous and purulent exudates, hyperemia, hemorrhages, necrosis, vascular thrombosis, vascular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and lymphoid follicle reaction, which matches the described histopathology of IKC in reindeer. Characteristic alpha-herpesvirus particles matching the size and morphology of CvHV2 were identified by transmission electron microscopy in the conjunctival tissue. The quantification of viral particles by qPCR revealed high copy numbers of viral DNA in all CvHV2 inoculated eyes, but also in the non-inoculated eyes of the same animals. The histopathology of eye tissues obtained from the CvHV2 inoculated reindeer and the lack of inflammation from bacterial infection, together with the detection of CvHV2 DNA in swabs from the inoculated and non-inoculated eyes of the same animals, verified that CvHV2 was the primary cause of the observed histopathological changes.

scholarly journals Reducing Efficiency of Fucoxanthin in Diatom Mediated Biofabrication of Gold Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4094
Author(s):  
Piya Roychoudhury ◽  
Przemysław Dąbek ◽  
Michał Gloc ◽  
Aleksandra Golubeva ◽  
Renata Dobrucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Gold Nanospheres ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Strong Positive Signal

In the present investigation, fucoxanthin—one of the major pigments in diatoms—has been extracted from Nanofrustulum shiloi SZCZM1342, and its reducing efficiency in the biogenesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was checked. Fucoxanthin extracted from golden-brown cells of N. shiloi was compared to the healthy, growing biomass of N. shiloi and standard fucoxanthin after separate exposure to 25 mg L−1 aqueous hydrogen tetrachloroaurate solutions at room temperature. Isolated and standard fucoxanthin were found to be able to reduce gold ions within 12 h whereas, the whole biomass turned pink in color after 72 h of reaction. The synthesized particles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–vis spectroscopy of purple-colored suspensions showed the absorption band at approximately 520–545 nm, indicating a strong positive signal for GNP synthesis. The SEM study revealed the deposition of GNPs on siliceous frustules of metal-treated diatom cells. The TEM analysis confirmed the GNPs synthesized by whole biomass are triangular, spherical and hexagonal in nature, whereas the particles produced by extracted and standard fucoxanthin are all spherical in nature. This study demonstrates the involvement of fucoxanthin in the reduction of gold ions and subsequent production of gold nanospheres.

Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Fiber-Matrix Interfaces in Aluminum Alloy-Boron Composites by Ion Erosio

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
G. G. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Ion Erosion ◽  
Row Of Fibers

The morphology and composition of the fiber-matrix interface can best be studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. For some composites satisfactory samples can be prepared by electropolishing. For others such as aluminum alloy-boron composites ion erosion is necessary.When one wishes to examine a specimen with the electron beam perpendicular to the fiber, preparation is as follows: A 1/8 in. disk is cut from the sample with a cylindrical tool by spark machining. Thin slices, 5 mils thick, containing one row of fibers, are then, spark-machined from the disk. After spark machining, the slice is carefully polished with diamond paste until the row of fibers is exposed on each side, as shown in Figure 1.In the case where examination is desired with the electron beam parallel to the fiber, preparation is as follows: Experimental composites are usually 50 mils or less in thickness so an auxiliary holder is necessary during ion milling and for easy transfer to the electron microscope. This holder is pure aluminum sheet, 3 mils thick.

Direct Observation of Heat Exchanger Deposits by Cross Sectioning

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
R. W. Anderson ◽  
D. L. Senecal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Deposit Layer

A problem was presented to observe the packing densities of deposits of sub-micron corrosion product particles. The deposits were 5-100 mils thick and had formed on the inside surfaces of 3/8 inch diameter Zircaloy-2 heat exchanger tubes. The particles were iron oxides deposited from flowing water and consequently were only weakly bonded. Particular care was required during handling to preserve the original formations of the deposits. The specimen preparation method described below allowed direct observation of cross sections of the deposit layers by transmission electron microscopy.The specimens were short sections of the tubes (about 3 inches long) that were carefully cut from the systems. The insides of the tube sections were first coated with a thin layer of a fluid epoxy resin by dipping. This coating served to impregnate the deposit layer as well as to protect the layer if subsequent handling were required.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

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