scholarly journals Comparative response of Rangifer tarandus and other northern ungulates to climatic variability

Rangifer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Weladji ◽  
David R. Klein ◽  
Øystein Holand ◽  
Atle Mysterud
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Large Herbivores

To understand the factors influencing life history traits and population dynamics, attention is increasingly being given to the importance of environmental stochasticity. In this paper, we review and discuss aspects of current knowledge concerning the effect of climatic variation (local and global) on population parameters of northern ungu¬lates, with special emphasis on reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We also restrict ourselves to indirect effects of climate through both forage availability and quality, and insect activity. Various authors have used different weather variables; with sometime opposite trends in resulting life history traits of ungulates, and few studies show consistent effects to the same climatic variables. There is thus little consensus about which weather variables play the most sig¬nificant role influencing ungulate population parameters. This may be because the effects of weather on ungulate pop¬ulation dynamics and life history traits are scale dependent and it is difficult to isolate climatic effects from density dependent factors. This confirms the complexity of the relationship between environment and ecosystem. We point out limits of comparability between systems and the difficulty of generalizing about the effect of climate change broadly across northern systems, across species and even within species. Furthermore, insect harassment appears to be a key climate-related factor for the ecology of reindeer/caribou that has been overlooked in the literature of climatic effects on large herbivores. In light of this, there is a need for further studies of long time series in assessing effects of climate variability on reindeer/caribou.

scholarly journals Louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infestations of the Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) and the Red-footed Falcon

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Sándor Piross ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zoltán Vas ◽  
Szabolcs Solt ◽  
Éva Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Louse Species ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Abstract Little is known about the louse species harboured by Red-footed and Amur Falcons despite the fact that various life-history traits of these hosts make them good model species to study host-parasite interactions. We collected lice samples from fully grown Amur (n=20) and Red-footed Falcons (n=59), and from nestlings of Red-footed Falcons (n=179) in four countries: Hungary, India, Italy and South Africa. We identified 3 louse species on both host species, namely Degeeriella rufa, Colpocephalum subzerafae and Laembothrion tinnunculi. The latter species has never been found on these hosts. Comparing population parameters of lice between hosts we found significantly higher prevalence levels of D. rufa and C. subzerafae on Amur Falcons. Adult Red-footed Falcons had higher D. rufa prevalence compared to C. subzerafae. For the first time we also show inter-annual shift in prevalence and intensity levels of these species on Red-footed Falcons; in 2012 on adult hosts C. subzerafae had higher intensity levels than D. rufa, however in 2014 D. rufa had significantly higher intensity compared to C. subzerafae. In case of nestlings both louse species had significantly higher preva lence levels than in 2014. The exact causes of such inter-annual shifts are yet to be understood.

Modeling the effects of life-history traits on estimation of population parameters for a cryptic stream species

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen K. Cecala ◽  
Steven J. Price ◽  
Michael E. Dorcas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Population Parameters

Climatic effects on life-history traits of moose in Estonia

Oecologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauno Veeroja ◽  
Vallo Tilgar ◽  
Anne Kirk ◽  
Jüri Tõnisson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climatic Effects

scholarly journals Observation of a p < 10–9 life-history event: implications of record-late caribou birth on ungulate reproductive ecology and field studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bonar ◽  
M.P. Laforge ◽  
E. Vander Wal
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Movement Rate ◽  
The Mean

Life-history traits in temperate ungulates are highly seasonal, with events corresponding to the seasonal availability of resources. An important example is birth date, with later-born individuals typically having reduced survival compared with those born earlier in the season. Ungulates, especially those whose offspring are at their mother’s heel soon after birth, are typically born in a narrow window of time in late May–early June. In Newfoundland, mean birth date in caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758); n = 1175) was 31 May. Here, we document a sighting of a caribou calf born ∼25 July on Fogo Island, Newfoundland (∼55 days after the mean birth date). Calving date was estimated using movement rate of the mother and validated by visual observations of the mother. We discuss the implications of this finding as it pertains to caribou ecology, and suggest that studies of ungulate birth date should ensure that observations are continued well past the initial birth pulse to guarantee that a complete picture of ungulate breeding ecology be maintained.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

Life History Traits in a Population of Pelobates syriacus (Boettger, 1889) from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ufuk Bülbül ◽  
Halime Koç ◽  
Yasemin Odabaş ◽  
Ali İhsan Eroğlu ◽  
Muammer Kurnaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Males And Females

Age structure of the eastern spadefoot toad, Pelobates syriacus from the Kızılırmak Delta (Turkey) were assessed using phalangeal skeletochronology. Snout-vent length (SVL) ranged from 42.05 to 86.63 mm in males and 34.03 to 53.27 mm in females. Age of adults ranged from 2 to 8 years in males and 3 to 5 years in females. For both sexes, SVL was significantly correlated with age. Males and females of the toads reached maturity at 2 years of age.

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