scholarly journals The effects of pre-slaughter selection of reindeer bulls (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) on technological and sensory meat quality, blood metabolites and abomasal lesions

Rangifer ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wiklund ◽  
G. Malmfors ◽  
K. Lundström

Thirty reindeer bulls (age 1 1/2 years) were subjected to different pre-slaughter treatments to study the effects on ultimate pH values, muscle glycogen content, blood metabolites and abomasal lesions. Gathering and herding into a grazing corral were followed by various selection procedures. Before starting these, a control group of 10 reindeer were captured by lasso and slaughtered outside the grazing corral. Ten reindeer were then selected by hand from a small group of animals (100-150 head) in a small selection corral. Another 10 reindeer were selected from a large herd of about 1000-2000 animals, by the traditional technique of using a lasso. During a 6-hour selection, animals were captured and slaughtered after 1.5 hours (n = 2), 3-5 hours (n = 2), 5 hours (n = 3) and 6 hours (n=3) respectively. The results showed the technique of using a lasso to be stressful and glycogen-depleting, as the two lasso captured groups (the control group and the reindeer exposed to the protracted lasso selection) had the highest ultimate pH values and lowest muscle glycogen values measured. By contrast, the selection procedure where reindeer were captured by hand, was not found to be detrimental to glycogen content and ultimate pH values. Nevertheless, both selection techniques expose the reindeer to acute stress during the capture and manual restraint, which in the present study was reflected in high plasma Cortisol values in all treatment groups. The frequency of abomasal lesions was highest in the group of reindeer subjected to the prolonged selection procedure. No connection between technological and sensory meat quality was found in this study. The technique of selecting animals by hand ought to be further developed so that existing practical problems can be solved. The technique could then be recommended for wider use.

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wiklund ◽  
G. Malmfors ◽  
K. Lundström ◽  
C. Rehbinder

Forty-one reindeer bulls (age 1 1/2 years) were subjected to different pre-slaughter treatments: herding for a short distance to a grazing corral, selection by use of a lasso, lorry transport and helicopter herding for 1, 2 and 3 days respectively. As control, 9 reindeer were shot without previous handling (in the mountains). The results indicated the traditional selection technique of using a lasso to be the most stressful and glycogen-depleting handling procedure so far studied. In the lasso-selected reindeer the lowest glycogen values and the highest ultimate pH values in the meat were measured. The values of the measured parameters indicating stress (aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), urea, Cortisol and abomasal lesions) were also highest in these reindeer. By contrast, the modern method of herding by helicopter was not found to be detrimental to glycogen content, ultimate pH, the measured blood metabolites, or the frequency of abomasal lesions. In all treatment groups degenerative lesions were observed in the skeletal muscles. No relarionship between technological and sensory meat quality characteristics and skeletal muscle lesions in reindeer could, however, be found in this study. The study confirmed an earlier finding that a 'stress-flavour' could develop in reindeer meat after intensive pre-slaughter handling of the animals. Further study of when and how such "stress-flavour" develops ought to be undertaken.


Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Anna Nilsson ◽  
Birgitta Åhman

This investigation was made to study and compare the effects of different diets on sensory meat quality and ultimate pH values in reindeer muscles and to relate stress-induced blood metabolites and carcass parameters to the meat quality traits measured. Altogether 23 female reindeer calves were included in the study. During an adaptation period, all reindeer were allowed free access to a mimicked natural diet containing 80% lichens (lichen diet). On January 28, 8 reindeer (group Cjan) were slaughtered. Five reindeer (group C.Mar) were allowed continuous free access to the lichen diet throughout the experiment. During 8 days, the other reindeer (groups PL and PS) were given the lichen diet, half of the amount offered to the control group, and were then starved for one day. Thereafter, these reindeer were fed 80% commercial reindeer feed (pellets) and either 20% lichens (group PL), or 20% silage (group PS) for 5 weeks. After this, all animals were slaughtered. The average carcass weight and dressing percentage in the group fed commercial reindeer feed and lichens (PL) were higher than in group CMar- Fat registrations were generally higher in groups PL and PS than in the groups Cj2n and CMar- Ultimate pH values in M. triceps brachii and M. longissimus were significantly lower in the group CMST than in PL. The levels of all blood metabolites (urea, ASAT and Cortisol) were generally higher in groups PL and PS than in groups Cja„ and CMEF- NO significant differences were found in any of sensory attributes of the meat (monitored according to ISO standards). The present study shows that muscle and fat depots in reindeer can be improved by feeding a diet based on reindeer pellets but suggests that a feeding period of 35 days might be too short to affect the sensory properties of reindeer meat.


1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Mottola ◽  
P. D. Christopher

To examine the effects of maternal exercise on liver and skeletal muscle glycogen storage, female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, nonpregnant runner, pregnant nonrunning control, pregnant runner, and prepregnant exercised control groups. The exercise consisted of treadmill running at 30 m/min on a 10 degree incline for 60 min, 5 days/wk. Pregnancy alone, on day 20 of gestation, decreased maternal liver glycogen content and increased red and white gastrocnemius muscle glycogen storage above control values (P less than 0.05). In contrast, exercise in nonpregnant animals augmented liver glycogen storage and also increased red and white gastrocnemius glycogen content (P less than 0.05). By combining exercise and pregnancy, the decrease in liver glycogen storage in the pregnant nonexercised condition was prevented in the pregnant runner group and more glycogen was stored in both the red and white portions of the gastrocnemius than all other groups (P less than 0.05). Fetal body weight was greatest (P less than 0.05) in the pregnant runner group and lowest (P less than 0.05) in the prepregnant exercise control group. These results demonstrate that chronic maternal exercise may change maternal glycogen storage patterns in the liver and skeletal muscle with some alteration in fetal outcome.


2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Pighin ◽  
W. Brown ◽  
D. M. Ferguson ◽  
A. D. Fisher ◽  
R. D. Warner

Pre-slaughter stress may decrease muscle glycogen content, a key element for a suitable low ultimate pH and prevention of dark-cutting meat. Body temperature monitoring is a tool used in research on animal stress, as an indicator of stress events. Possible relationships between body temperature of sheep and post-mortem muscle glycogen were investigated in this study. Body temperature was measured with intravaginal loggers inserted into each animal at 3 days pre-slaughter, to record body temperature every 3 min over a period of 3 days. Blood samples were collected from each animal at exsanguination for measurement of glucose and lactic acid concentrations. The muscle content of glycogen and lactic acid were determined in samples of M. longissimus collected at the level of the 13th rib, at 1 h post-slaughter. A plot of body temperature versus time showed a rise in body temperature from all animals during events such as mustering, loading onto the truck, unloading at the abattoir, during pre-slaughter handling and at slaughter. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were determined between (1) the main temperature increments occurring between farm and slaughter; and (2) post-slaughter muscle glycogen and lactate levels. A significant negative correlation was detected between elevation in core body temperature due to physical stress of sheep and muscle glycogen levels at slaughter. A low correlation was detected between body temperature and blood glucose or lactate concentrations. Further research should examine the relationship between core body temperature and meat quality in order to better understand the complex relationship between animal stress and meat quality.


2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Xing Jun Xu ◽  
Shu Li Shao ◽  
Wei Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Yu Wang ◽  
Xu Yan Li ◽  
...  

The sparrows for experimental materials were divided into 5 °C acclimation group, 30 °C acclimation group and control group. The content of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were measured with sulfuric acid-anthrone colorimetric method after two weeks of acclimation. The results show that: When the temperature is 5 °C, the glycogen content was very significantly lower than the glycogen content of control group (p0.05); The change in glycogen content was extremely significant between the two temperature (p<0.01).


2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. O'Quinn ◽  
J. L. Nelssen ◽  
J. A. Unruh ◽  
R. D. Goodband ◽  
J. C. Woodworth ◽  
...  

Eighty crossbred gilts (initially 45.9 kg) were allotted randomly to one of four dietary treatments by weight and ancestry. The trial was arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with two levels of modified tall oil (MTO) (0 or 0.50%) and added K2SO4-2MgSO4 (0 or 2%), equating to daily K and Mg intakes of 10.84 and 7.75 g, respectively. The corn-soybean meal diets were fed in two phases [45.9 to 76.2 and 76.2 to 118.1 kg body weight (BW)], and supplemental K/Mg was added in place of corn for the final 7 d preslaughter (starting at 114.1 kg BW). Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), or gain to feed ratio (G/F). Feeding MTO decreased average backfat (P = 0.05) and increased intramuscular marbling (P = 0.04). Modified tall oil increased (P = 0.02) percentage lean, and K/Mg supplementation lowered (P = 0.04) longissimus muscle glycogen content. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.10) other carcass characteristics or measures of meat quality. Feeding MTO increased plasma glucose (P = 0.05) and decreased (P = 0.10) base excess in the extracellular fluid. Feeding K/Mg decreased (P < 0.10) plasma pH, BUN, and base excess in the whole-blood and extracellular fluid and increased (P < 0.10) ionized Mg++ and lactate. These results support earlier research identifying MTO as a carcass modifier and contributor to meat composition and quality. Potassium and Mg supplementation altered whole-blood profiles and longissimus muscle glycogen content in a manner expected to improve pork quality, although not observed. Key words: Swine, modified tall oil, potassium, magnesium, meat quality


Rangifer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Gunnar Malmfors ◽  
Greg Finstad

Meat with high pH values, so called DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry meat, is a persistent quality defect foundmin all meat species. DFD shortens shelf life, especially for vacuum-packed meat and affects meat colour, tenderness and water-holding properties. High pH values in reindeer meat have been related to pre-slaughter handling stress and poor nutritional status of the animals. There are numerous reports that variation in muscle pH and glycogen content give rise to considerable variations in meat tenderness in species such as beef and lamb. In contrast, reindeer meat has been found to be extremely tender regardless of ultimate pH. This phenomenon has been related to the speed of post mortem protein degradation and the small muscle fibre size in reindeer. Previous research has demonstrated that the fatty acid composition of meat changes in response to diets. Generally, a higher proportion of long, unsaturated fatty acids were found in meat from grazing animals compared with animals fed a grain-based diet. Reindeer meat has been found to contain moderate amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially so-called n-3 (or omega-3) PUFAs. The PUFAs are known to be susceptible to oxidation and may therefore be easily oxidized during processing by techniques like smoking and drying. A trained sensory panel concluded that meat from reindeer fed commercial feed scored higher for liverish and sweet flavours and lower for off-flavou (i.e. ‘grass’, ‘wild’ and ‘game’) compared with meat from grazing animals. Consumer preference tests on reindeer meat showed that 50 per cent of the consumers preferred meat from grazing reindeer and 50 per cent meat from pellet-fed animals. Recent reindeer meat research has included new feed mixtures using ingredients like linseed and fishmeal. Crushed linseed in the feed gave meat with a fat composition similar to that of natural pasture, which meant more PUFA than in meat from reindeer fed the normal grain-based mixture. Fishmeal used as a protein source in reindeer feed mixtures demonstrated good feed conversion and weight gain in the animals, and sensory 72 evaluation by both a trained panel and consumers did not show any negative effects on flavour attributes of the meat. The fat composition of the meat changed just slightly when comparing fish- and soybean meal, with more PUFA in the meat from fishmeal fed animals. The control group of free-ranging reindeer had significantly highest PUFA content in the meat. Our knowledge about various factors affecting reindeer meat quality has increased significantly over the last 25 years, but there is still information missing particularly regarding the interaction between production systems, slaughter handling techniques and ultimate meat quality. Renkött - är det alltid mört, gott och nyttigt?Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Kött med höga pH-värden, DFD-kött (Dark, Firm, Dry), är ett kvalitetsproblem som kan drabba kött från alla djurslag. Detta kött har dålig hållbarhet speciellt i en vakumförpackning, men andra egenskaper som köttets färg, mörhet och vattenhållande förmåga påverkas också av DFD. Höga pH-värden i renkött har visats bero på stress i samband med slakthantering och på dålig näringsstatus hos djuren. Ett flertal undersökningar på t.ex. nöt- och lammkött har rapporterat att en variation i pH-värde och glykogeninnehåll har stor betydelse för köttets mörhet. Renkött har däremot visats vara mycket mört oberoende av pH-värde, vilket har förklarats bero på en hög aktivitet av proteinnedbrytning efter slakt men också på små muskelfibrer i renköttet. Tidigare undersökningar har demonstrerat att fettsyrasammansättningen i kött förändras beroende på vad djuren äter. Allmänt gäller att i kött från betande djur finns en högre andel fleromättade fettsyror (PUFA) jämfört med djur som utfodrats med spannmålsbaserade foder. Renkött har visats ha en relativt hög andel PUFA och särskilt de sk. omega-3 PUFA. En tränad smakpanel bedömde att kött från renar som utfodrats med kommersiellt renfoder smakade mer lever och sött och hade mindre bismaker (som t.ex. gräs, vilt och ren) jämfört med kött från naturbetande renar. I en konsumentundersökning av samma typer av renkött föredrog 50 procent av konsumenterna beteskött och 50 procent föredrog kött från utfodrade renar.Den senaste forskningen har studerat nya foderblandningar där ingredienser som linfrö och fiskmjöl har utvärderats. Linfrökaka som tillsats i renpellets gav köttet en fettsammansättning som påminde om den i kött från naturbetande renar, d.v.s. köttet innehöll mer PUFA än kött från renar som utfodrats med normala pellets. I försök där fiskmjöl har använts som proteintillskott i renfoder visades ett bra foderutnyttjande och god tillväxt hos renarna och inga negativa effekter på renköttets smak kunde påvisas varken av en tränad smakpanel eller vid en konsumentundersökning. Fettsammansättningen i köttet påverkades marginellt av tillsatsen av fiskmjöl jämfört med normalfodret baserat på sojaprotein. Kött från kontrollgruppen av naturbetande renar hade det signifikant högsta innehållet av PUFA. Kunskapen om de olika faktorer som påverkar renköttets kvalitet har ökat påtagligt under de senaste 25 åren, men fortfarande saknas en del fakta när det gäller sambanden mellan produktionssystem, slakthantering och köttkvalitet.


Rangifer ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Greg Finstad ◽  
Suzanne Worker ◽  
Peter J. Bechtel

Thirty male reindeer; n=16 bulls (control treatment) and n=14 steers (castrated males) were used to evaluate the effects of early castration on carcass yield and meat quality attributes. The reindeer were castrated at 2 and 13 months of age, and then slaughtered at 2 and 3 years of age. Live weights and carcass weights were significantly highest in the 3 year old bulls and steers. Dressing percentage did not differ between the 2 and 3 year old reindeer steers castrated at 2 months; however these values were higher than for 2 year old steers castrated at 13 months. Meat ultimate pH values (measured in the striploin; LD) were significantly highest in 2 year old steers castrated at 13 months and their corresponding control group of 2 year old bulls, indicating low muscle glycogen stores at slaughter. Castration had an effect on fat content with 3 year old steers having a higher fat content than bulls. No significant differences were found in any sensory attribute when the trained panel compared the meat from 2 year old reindeer bulls and steers. Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning:Effekter av tidig kastrering på slaktkroppssammansättning, styckningsutbyte och köttkvalitet hos unga renarTrettio hanrenar; n=16 tjurar (kontrolldjur) och n=14 kastrater (härkar) ingick i denna studie för att utvärdera effekterna av tidig kastrering på slaktkroppssammansättning och köttkvalitetsparametrar. Renarna kastrerades vid 2 respektive 13 månaders ålder och slaktades sedan när de var antingen 2 eller 3 år gamla. Levandevikt och slaktkroppsvikt var högst för 3 år gamla tjurar och härkar. Slaktutbytet skiljde sig inte mellan 2 och 3 år gamla härkar som kastrerats vid 2 månaders ålder, men deras slaktutbyte var högre än för de 2-åriga härkarna som kastrerats vid 13 månaders ålder. Köttets pH-värde (mätt i ytterfilén) var signifikant högst hos de 2-åriga härkarna som kastrerats vid 13 månaders ålder och deras tillhörande kontrollgrupp av 2-åriga tjurar, vilket tydde på låga nivåer av muskelglykogen vid slakt. Kastrering hade en signifikant effekt på fettinnehållet i slaktkropparna hos de 3-åriga renarna, med de högsta fetthalterna hos härkarna. Inga skillnader i ätkvalitet rapporterades när kött från 2-åriga rentjurar och härkar jämfördes.


BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vonick Sibut ◽  
Christelle Hennequet-Antier ◽  
Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval ◽  
Sylvain Marthey ◽  
Michel J Duclos ◽  
...  

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