scholarly journals Winter foraging dynamics of woodland caribou in an artificial landscape

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Eric M. Rominger ◽  
Charles T. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Winter Foraging

The data suggest that arboreal lichen biomass and/or bite size are primary factors influencing intake rate. Caribou did not increase bite rate to compensate for smaller bite sizes or decreased biomass. Forest management should enhance lichen production to maximize intake rates for woodland caribou.

Further development of the Spalinger-Hobbs mechanistic foraging model for free-ranging moose

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pastor ◽  
Katie Standke ◽  
Keith Farnsworth ◽  
Ron Moen ◽  
Yosef Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Further Development

Spalinger and Hobbs proposed a mechanistic model of forage intake based on the mutually exclusive actions of biting and chewing. A necessary consequence of this model is that an animal postpones the intake of more food by biting when it is processing food by chewing. In previous work, the Spalinger-Hobbs model successfully predicted short-term intake in controlled experiments. Application of the model to an entire foraging bout requires the following assumptions: (i) biting and chewing are independent events; (ii) there are no periodicities in the length of consecutive bite or chew sequences; (iii) the average bite size is constant; and (iv) the bite rate does not change with the number of bites in the sequence. To test these assumptions, we videotaped entire foraging bouts of two free-ranging moose (Alces alces) feeding on dense swards of Epilobium angustifolium in midsummer. From these videotapes, we measured the time spent biting and chewing, the rates of biting and chewing, the frequency distributions of consecutive bite and chew sequences, and lengths of E. angustifolium shoots above the point of cropping. Plant samples were collected in order to determine bite mass. A total of 1050 bites and chews were analyzed for moose 1 and 1925 bites and chews for moose 2. For both moose, three chewing events occurred, on average, for each bite event. Given this 1:3 bite:chew ratio, the frequency distributions of consecutive bite and chew sequences were as expected from a geometric distribution of independent events. There were no time-series correlations or dominating frequencies in the lengths of bite and chew sequences. These findings fulfill the first three assumptions required to extend the Spalinger-Hobbs model to entire foraging bouts. However, the fourth assumption was not fulfilled, in that time spent per bite increased asymptotically with bite-sequence length. We therefore incorporated the effect of bite-sequence length on bite rate into the Spalinger-Hobbs model. The new model predicts that to simultaneously maximize the marginal intake rate with respect to both bite rate and bite mass, a moose should take single bites most often and bite mass should be approximately 3.6 g. Eighty-two percent of bite sequences were composed of single bites for both moose, and we and others independently observed a bite size of 3.24-3.75 g for free-ranging moose. These observations lend credibility to our modified model.

Factors Influencing Willingness to Pay for Deer Hunting in the Alabama Piedmont

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Stribling ◽  
J. P. Caulfield ◽  
B. G. Lockaby ◽  
D. P. Thompson ◽  
H. E. Quicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Deer Hunting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Deer Harvest ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Fifty-three individuals who hunted deer in the Alabama Piedmont during the 1988-1989 season were interviewed by telephone to determine their willingness to pay for the same hunting land under different hypothetical forest management and deer harvest situations. Willingness to pay significantlydecreased when the percentage of land in recent clearcut or in young pine stands increased beyond 50% of the area. These hunters indicated they would pay the same as they currently do or more for tracts composed of up to 25% young pine or an all-aged mix of pine-hardwood. Individuals not currentlyleasing hunting land were willing to pay more for the possibility of harvesting additional deer. Individuals currently leasing hunting land were not willing to pay a higher price to harvest more deer. South. J. Appl. For. 16(3):125-129.

Effect of species composition and sward structure on the ingestive behaviour of cattle and sheep grazing South African sourveld

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Reagain ◽  
B. C. Goetsch ◽  
R. N. Owen-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Cattle And Sheep ◽  
Sward Structure

SUMMARYThe effects of species composition and sward structure on the ingestive behaviour of cattle and sheep grazing a mesic, low quality grassland in South Africa were investigated over the 1990–93 grazing seasons. Species composition had a significant (P < 0·05) effect on sheep bite size and on cattle and sheep bite rates but had no effect on dry matter intake rate (IR). Species composition could, however, affect IR over longer grazing periods than those used in the experiment.Sward structure had a major effect on ingestive behaviour. Cattle and sheep bite rates and cattle grazing time, were negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with plant height but positively correlated (P < 0·05) with sward greenness. Bite size and hence IR in cattle and sheep were strongly correlated (P < 0·001) with plant height. Cattle IR increased from 6 to 20g/min over the range of heights encountered and appeared to reach an asymptote at a plant height of 20–25 cm. Sheep IR, expressed per unit of body mass, increased from 0·01 to an asymptote or maximum of 0·13 g/min/kg at plant heights of 10–15 cm. For sheep there was evidence of a non-asymptotic functional response at some sites with IR being maximized at certain sward heights but declining thereafter. This suggests the possible existence of a third, quality dimension to the functional response on these low-quality grasslands.

scholarly journals Canopy structure, ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers grazing warm-season pastures

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Glienke ◽  
M.G. Rocha ◽  
L. Pötter ◽  
D. Roso ◽  
D.B. Montagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Displacement Rate ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bite Rate

Analyses in a data set of six experiments (n=436) was performed with the aim of characterizing canopy structure and forage intake patterns of beef heifers grazing on Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) and Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon). Forage and leaf lamina mass were similar among species, 3001.4 and 668.1kg of DM/ha, respectively, while leaf:stem ratio of canopy vertical strata was different. Intake rate (12g DM/minute), bite mass (0.343g DM/bite) and bite rate (36.6bites per minute) were similar in Pearl millet and Alexandergrass. In Pearl millet, neutral detergent fiber content (56.1%) in forage as grazed, grazing time (518.9 minutes/day) and displacement rate (8.8 steps/minute) were lower. Increased grazing time (639 minutes/day) represented the main compensatory mechanism for smaller bite masses (0.234g DM/bite) and reduced intake rates (8.8 grams of DM/minutes) in Coastcross. Bite rate variations happened as a response to constraints imposed by canopy structure. Surface utilization on Alexandergrass and Coastcross was increased by greater number of feeding stations visited and displacement rate. Ingestive behavior components of beef heifers are affected by differences in the canopy structure of Pearl millet, Alexandergrass and Coastcross.

Factors influencing people's participation in the forest management program in Burkina Faso, West Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascaline Coulibaly-Lingani ◽  
Patrice Savadogo ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
Per-Christer Oden
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Diversity of Forest and Shrub Communities as a Result of Site History and of Extensive and Intensive Forest Management (Glinno Ługi Case Study)

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Woziwoda ◽  
Katarzyna Ambrożkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Habitat Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Forest ◽  
Site History

The paper presents the diversity of natural and anthropogenic forest communities occurring in post-cultivated fields in Glinno Ługi. An impoverished fresh pine forest association (Leucobryo-Pinetum) and nine secondary forest communities have been distinguished in the transect line (1.16 km in length). Factors influencing the structure and species composition of recent forest communities, such as habitat properties, previous land use forms and the intensity of forest management, are described.

La Mise en Marché du Bois en Forêt Privée : Une Question d'Attitude?

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
Régent Gravel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Selling Process

The marketing of roundwood from private non-industrial forests is one of the main activity for the private woodlot owners. This article identifies factors influencing their negotiating power. The analysis of the Finnish roundwood marketing system focuses on the strategy taken by the private owners to increase their economics and social conditions. The success of the strategy lies in the flexibility of the selling process, the quality of information, the responsibilities of private owners' organisations and in the involvement of private owners in the forest industry. Securing a fair wood price and guaranteed wood sales create appropriate conditions for intensive forest management on small private woodlots. Key words: Roundwood marketing, attitude, negotiating power, selling processes, organisations' responsibilities, Co-op Metsäliitto, woodlot owners implication

Mechanics of browsing in dense food patches: effects of plant and animal morphology on intake rate

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1743-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Shipley ◽  
Donald E. Spalinger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Asymptotic Relation ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Asymptotic Function

There appear to be two dominant forms of the functional response of vertebrate herbivores, corresponding to animals foraging in spatially concentrated or spatially dispersed food patches. We examine the factors contributing to the functional response of herbivores feeding on spatially concentrated browses. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the instantaneous intake rate of four boreal browsers (moose, Alces alces, woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus) feeding on red maple (Acer rubrum) browse is an asymptotic function of the size of bite obtainable by the herbivore. Based on this functional response model, we also hypothesized that (i) cropping rate of the herbivores would decline curvilinearly with bite size, (ii) intake rate would decline with increasing fibrousness (measured, as the neutral detergent fiber of the foods consumed), and (iii) maximum intake rate would scale as the 2/3 power of herbivore body mass (BM). Intake rates of all animals increased 2- to 10-fold with increasing bite size of stems and leaves, and conformed to the hypothesized asymptotic relation. Similarly, cropping rate declined curvilinearly with increasing bite size, and intake rate declined with increasing fibrousness of foods consumed. Maximum intake rate scaled with BM0.76, not significantly different from the hypothesized exponent of 0.67. These data support the hypothesis that bite size affects intake rate by controlling the ratio of cropping and chewing, and that the asymptotic intake rate of herbivores is related to the food processing capability of the mouth.

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