scholarly journals The Greenland muskox population status 1990

Rangifer ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Boertmann ◽  
Mards Forchhammer ◽  
Carsten Riis Olesen ◽  
Peter Aastrup ◽  
Henning Thing
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Previous Estimate ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Very High ◽  
Southwest Greenland

The indigenous population of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in North and Northeast Greenland is estimated at 9 500-12 500 which is about the half of the previous estimate. This difference is mainly explained by a much better basis for estimating and to a lesser extent by a general population decrease in Northeast Greenland. The introduced population in the Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord) area is still increasing, and is now (1990) estimated at c. 2 600. Quota based harvesting has been allowed since 1988. New populations have been introduced to the Ivittuut-area in Southwest Greenland in 1987 and to three locations in the Avanersuaq (Thule) area in Northwest Greenland in 1986. The present status of the latter populations are more or less unknown, while the Ivittuut population is thriving and has a very high rate of increase.

scholarly journals The Study of Availability, Affordability and Price Variation of Essential Antibiotics in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1811-1826
Author(s):  
Md. Aknur Rahman ◽  
Sauda Sumaya Dina ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Shaila Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Unskilled Laborer ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Very High ◽  
Monthly Salary

The increased prices and low availability of medicines are main obstacles to health care system in developing countries like Bangladesh. The main goal of this work is to gather and assessing the data on availability, affordability and price variations of essential antibiotics in Bangladesh. The data will help to improve the availability and affordability of essential antibiotics for the mass peoples. The present work was done using standard methodology described in guideline, “Price measurement, availability and affordability and price components of medicines. A total of eighteen essential antibiotics were surveyed and their prices and availability were determined. Prices from 2003 to 2019 were collected from different sources to make a comparative study of the price variations over the years. The overall prices of essential antibiotics are not much higher than international reference prices. The rate of increase of price from previous years is not so alarming. The numbers of manufacturing companies were collected from the Bangladesh National Formulary (BDNF) of different Volumes to compare the increasing number of manufacturers. Essential antibiotics affordability was determined by comparing the total cost of treatment of a particular disease to the monthly salary of the lowest paid unskilled laborer. There are several essential antibiotics for which the numbers of manufacturing companies are increasing in very high rate. This type of survey may be expanded to the national level for the data of different regions of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals A Study on the Characteristics of Academic Topics Related to Renewable Energy Using the Structural Topic Modeling and the Weak Signal Concept

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Chankook Park ◽  
Minkyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Probabilistic Topic Modeling ◽  
To Receive

It is important to examine in detail how the distribution of academic research topics related to renewable energy is structured and which topics are likely to receive new attention in the future in order for scientists to contribute to the development of renewable energy. This study uses an advanced probabilistic topic modeling to statistically examine the temporal changes of renewable energy topics by using academic abstracts from 2010–2019 and explores the properties of the topics from the perspective of future signs such as weak signals. As a result, in strong signals, methods for optimally integrating renewable energy into the power grid are paid great attention. In weak signals, interest in large-capacity energy storage systems such as hydrogen, supercapacitors, and compressed air energy storage showed a high rate of increase. In not-strong-but-well-known signals, comprehensive topics have been included, such as renewable energy potential, barriers, and policies. The approach of this study is applicable not only to renewable energy but also to other subjects.

scholarly journals Flattening the Curve of COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection—An International Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Wojciech Feleszko ◽  
Piotr Lewulis ◽  
Adam Czarnecki ◽  
Paweł Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Very High ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by legislative power and social campaigns.

Modeling a multi-layered blockchain framework for digital services that governments can implement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fernando Rebollar ◽  
Rocío Aldeco-Perez ◽  
Marco A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Information Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

The general population increasingly uses digital services, meaning services which are delivered over the internet or an electronic network, and events such as pandemics have accelerated the need of using new digital services. Governments have also increased their number of digital services, however, these digital services still lack of sufficient information security, particularly integrity. Blockchain uses cryptographic techniques that allow decentralization and increase the integrity of the information it handles, but it still has disadvantages in terms of efficiency, making it incapable of implementing some digital services where a high rate of transactions are required. In order to increase its efficient, a multi-layer proposal based on blockchain is presented. It has four layers, where each layer specializes in a different type of information and uses properties of public blockchain and private blockchain. An statistical analysis is performed and the proposal is modeled showing that it maintains and even increases the integrity of the information while preserving the efficiency of transactions. Besides, the proposal can be flexible and adapt to different types of digital services. It also considers that voluntary nodes participate in the decentralization of information making it more secure, verifiable, transparent and reliable.

scholarly journals Projected Changes in Intense Precipitation over Europe at the Daily and Subdaily Time Scales*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 6193-6203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Scoccimarro ◽  
Gabriele Villarini ◽  
Marcello Vichi ◽  
Matteo Zampieri ◽  
Pier Giuseppe Fogli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intense Precipitation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract Heavy precipitation is a major hazard over Europe. It is well established that climate model projections indicate a tendency toward more extreme daily rainfall events. It is still uncertain, however, how this changing intensity translates at the subdaily time scales. The main goal of the present study is to examine possible differences in projected changes in intense precipitation events over Europe at the daily and subdaily (3-hourly) time scales using a state-of-the-science climate model. The focus will be on one representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5), considered as illustrative of a high rate of increase in greenhouse gas concentrations over this century. There are statistically significant differences in intense precipitation projections (up to 40%) when comparing the results at the daily and subdaily time scales. Over northeastern Europe, projected precipitation intensification at the 3-hourly scale is lower than at the daily scale. On the other hand, Spain and the western seaboard exhibit an opposite behavior, with stronger intensification at the 3-hourly scale rather than the daily scale. While the mean properties of the precipitation distributions are independent of the analyzed frequency, projected precipitation intensification exhibits regional differences. This finding has implications for the extrapolation of impacts of intense precipitation events, given the daily time scale at which the analyses are usually performed.

Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Acipenser Brevirostrum ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Existing Data

<em>Abstract.</em>—The shortnose sturgeon, <em>Acipenser brevirostrum</em>, is a long-lived species that grows slowly, matures at an advanced age, and spawns only intermittently. In the Connecticut River, there are two distinct subpopulations of shortnose sturgeon, which have been separated by the Holyoke Dam for 157 years. My research addressed the viability and persistence for these two separate populations and the effects of dispersal, variation in survival and reproduction, and catastrophes. My risk-based approach used a stage-based metapopulation model that I constructed in RAMAS<sup>®</sup> GIS incorporating the available data. Based on the existing data, this population model for the shortnose sturgeon metapopulation in the Connecticut River made several predictions. The observed stability of the two subpopulations was possible either: with reproduction in both upper and lower subpopulations and small to moderate rates of dispersal between them; or with no reproduction in the lower subpopulation, very high reproduction in the upper subpopulation and high rate of net downstream dispersal. My results provided estimates of extinction risk for the shortnose sturgeon metapopulation under various management options and highlighted three key areas for future research, demonstrating the value of a risk-based approach. This approach is particularly useful for management of long-lived aquatic species.

Accelerated Erosion and Sedimentation in Southeast Asia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
Very High

Periodic attempts to plot global distribution of erosion and sedimentation usually attribute most of Southeast Asia with a very high sediment yield (Milliman and Meade 1983). The erosion rates and sediment yield figures are especially high for maritime Southeast Asia. Milliman and Syvitski (1992), for example, listed 3000 t km−2 yr−1 for the archipelagos and peninsulas of Southeast Asia. They provided a number of natural explanations for the high erosion rate: location near active plate margins, pyroclastic eruptions, steep slopes, and mass movements. This is also a region with considerable annual rainfall, a very substantial percentage of which tends to be concentrated in a few months and falls with high intensity. Part of Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Viet Nam, Timor) is visited by tropical cyclones with heavy, intense rainfall and possible associated wind damage to existing vegetation. The fans at the foot of slopes, the large volume of sediment stored in the channel and floodplain of the rivers, and the size of deltas all indicate a high rate of erosion and episodic sediment transfer. This episodic erosion and sediment transfer used to be controlled for most of the region by the thick cover of vegetation that once masked the slopes. When vegetation is removed soil and regolith de-structured, and natural slopes altered, the erosion rates and sediment yield reach high figures. Parts of Southeast Asia display striking anthropogenic alteration of the landscape, although the resulting accelerated erosion may be only temporary, operating on a scale of several years. Over time the affected zones shift, and slugs of sediment continue to arrive in a river but from different parts of its drainage basin. The combination of anthropogenic alteration and fragile landforms may give rise to very high local yields. Sediment yields of more than 15 000 t km−2 yr−1 have been estimated from such areas (Ruslan and Menam, cited in Lal 1987). This is undoubtedly towards the upper extreme, but current destruction of the vegetation cover due to deforestation, expansion of agriculture, mining, urbanization, and implementation of large-scale resettlement schemes has increased the sediment yield from < 102 to > 103 t km−2 yr−1.

Comorbidity of Bipolar and Substance Use Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Josh E. Becker ◽  
E. Sherwood Brown
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Very High

Bipolar disorder and substance use disorder co-occur at very high rates. The high rate is likely due to a complex interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors, and some research suggests that use of substances may be to mitigate symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Some studies have shown that men with bipolar disorder may be at a higher risk for a substance use disorder than women. The co-occurrence of these disorders leads to poorer treatment outcomes because of higher rates of suicidality, poor treatment adherence, lower quality of life, and more frequent relapse. This population deserves special treatment consideration.

scholarly journals Analysis and Visualization of Data Assimilating Hive and COGNOS Insight 10.2.2

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.6) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Mandeep Virk ◽  
Vaishali Chauhan ◽  
Urvashi Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Suitable Form ◽  
Visualization Of Data ◽  
Very High

Data analysis is the most grueling tasks in the coinciding world. The size of data is increasing at a very high rate because of the procreation of peripatetic gadgets and sensors attached. To make that data readable is another challenging task. Effectual visualization provides users with better analysis capabilities and helps in deriving evidence about data. Many techniques and tools have been invented to deal with such problems but to make these tools amendable is the main mystification. It is the big data that originated as a technology which is proficient in assembling and transforming the colossal and divergent figures of data, providing organizations with meaningful insights for derivingimprovedresults. Big data is accustomed to delineate technologies and techniques which are used to store, manage, distribute and analyze huge data sheets. The existent of administrating this research is to make the data readable in a more suitable form with less comprehend. Mainly the research emphasizes on the fabrication of using COGNOS insight 10.2.2 for visualizing data and implementing the analyzed results derived from the hive. The assimilation between tools has also been reformed in this research. 

scholarly journals The competitiveness of Czech agrarian trade within the context of the global crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Smutka ◽  
J. Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Very High

World trade underwent a significant shock within the recent years, which caused a decline in the world economy primarily in the year 2009. Within the following years (2010 and 2011), the high rate of growth from the years preceding the crisis could not be restored. The crisis had an impact on all segments of the merchandise trade, whereby the trade in agricultural and food products was affected the least by the crisis. In the case of the Czech Republic, the crisis of the global and national economy was reflected in the case of agricultural trade primarily by the way of a decline in the rate of the growth of export, which was very high in the period prior to the crisis. As far as the territorial structure and commodity structure of agricultural trade is concerned, their development in the years 2008&ndash;2011 was not affected in any largely significant manner. In relation to the main objective of this article, which was to identify the effects of the crisis on the competitiveness of Czech agricultural trade, it may be stated that the crisis itself did not worsen the competitiveness of agricultural trade in any significant manner. &nbsp;

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