Management stress in reindeer

Claes Rehbinder

doi:10.7557/2.10.3.868

Management stress in reindeer

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.10.3.868 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Claes Rehbinder

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

General Mechanism ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Myocardial Degeneration ◽

Manual Handling ◽

Glycogen Stores

The general mechanism and biological effects of stress are dealt with. Investigations performed on semidomesticated reindeer concerning the stress response under different herding and management conditions are presented and discussed. The findings indicate that: Reindeer are susceptible to management stress and that their degree of tameness plays an important role in the development of stress lesions such as muscular and myocardial degeneration and abomasal haemorrhages, etc. The animals are not favoured by rests between events of stress exposure as the effects produced tend to be cumulative. Depletion of muscular glycogen stores, increased catabolism of muscular protein, muscular degeneration and increased blood-urea levels can not be excluded as a cause of an altered and bad taste of the meat, i.e. a bad meat quality. Thus prolonged and repeated manual handling and transportation of live animals should be avoided. The use of helicopters or other motor vehicles must be correlated to the tameness of the animals and to environmental conditions. Stress due to incorrect management methods may, by means of stress induced lesions, severly affect the productivity of reindeer.

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A field study of management stress in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L)

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.2.2.404 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Rehbinder ◽

L-E. Edqvist ◽

K. Lundström ◽

F. Villafane

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Blood Constituents ◽

Loading And Unloading ◽

Manual Handling ◽

Handling Methods ◽

The Impact

The impact of stress was studied in semidomesticated reindeer subjected to various herding and handling methods. In herded and handled animals, stress lesions were found, such as abomasal haemorrhage, muscular and myocardial degeneration and marked changes in blood constituents. The degree of change was dependent of the magnitude of stress the animal had been exposed to. Manual handling and restraint was found to be one of the major stress factors. There were evident indications of a cumulative effect of repeated stress events. The use of motor vehicles (helicopter and snow-scooter), for herding and transporting the animals, was found to be an important stress factor. It is concluded that various herding and handling methods studied in the present investigation led to varying degrees of deleterious effects on the health of the animals and a poorer meatquality from slaughtered animals. Hence herding should be undertaken as carefully as possible, the time taken for manual handling should be minimized, and the corrals be so constructed as to cause a minimum of disturbance, capture and restraint. Transportation should be undertaken very cautiously with as little manual handling as possible during loading and unloading. To obtain a good meat quality, animals to be slaughtered should be subjected to a minimum of handling, i.e. slaughter should take place as quickly as possible. Transportation of live animals to slaughterhouses and the keeping of animals in corrals, pens or crates whilst awaiting slaughter will result in a lowered meat quality and should therefore be avoided.En fåltstudie av stress hos ren i samband med olika hanteringsformer.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfatning: Betydelsen av stress hos ren studerades i hjordar i vilka olika typer av samlings- och hanteringsmetoder anvandes. I samtliga hjordar som utsatts for olika former av drivning forelag hos slaktdjur skador betingade av stress i form av magblodningar, muskelsonderfall och forandringar i blodbilden. De funna skadorna och forandringarna var beroende av den grad av stress som djuren utsatts for. Manuell hantering och inskrankning av djurens rorelsefrihet befanns vara en av de huvudsakliga stressfaktorerna. Det forelag åvenledes en stark indikation på en kumulativ effekt av upprepad stress. Anvandning av motorfordon (helikopter, snoskoter) vid drivning samt vågtransport av levande djur befanns vara betydande stressfaktorer. Det kan fastslås att de olika hanteringsformerna inneburit olika grader av stress. Graden av stresspåverkan innebår olika grader av negativa effekter dels allmånt for djurens hålsotillstånd dels for en forsåmrad kottkvalitet. Sålunda bor drivningar foretagas så forsiktigt som mojligt och tiden for manuell hantering goras så kort som mpjlig. Dårtill bor gårdor konstrueras så att yttre storning, manuell hantering och begrånsning av djurens rorelsefrihet minimeras. Transporter bor genomforas med forsiktighet och med undvikande av manuell hantering vid lastning och lossning. Slakt bor foretagas omedelbart, dvs vid gårdan. Transport av levande djur, samt hållandet av djur i gårdor eller fillor i vantan på slakt innebår att kottkvaliteten forsåmras och bor således undvikas.Kenttâtutkimus porojen stressistâ erilaisten kâsittelymuotojen yhteydessà.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Stressin merkitystâ poroissa tutkitaan laumoissa, joissa kàytetààn erilaisia kokoamis - ja kàsittelymenetelmià. Kaikissa laumoissa, jotka olivat joutuneet alttiiksi erilaisille ajomuodoille, oli teuraselàimissâ stressin aiheuttamia vammoja mahaverenvuotojen, lihasrappeutumien ja verikuvan muutosten muodossa. Lôydetyt vammat ja muutokset olivat stressin aiheuttamat siina suhteessa kuin elaimet olivat siihen joutuneet. Kàsin pitely ja elàinten liikuntavapauden rajoittuminen havaittiin olevan yksi pààsiallisista stressintekijôistà. Oli esillà myôs voimakas osoitus kasvavan vaikutuksen toistuvasta stressistâ. Moottoriajoneuvojen (helikopteri, moottori-kelkka) kàyttô ajossa sekà elàvien elàinten tiekuljetus nayttivàt olevan merkittàvià stressitekijôità. Voidaan todeta, ettà erilaiset kasittelymuodot ovat aiheuttaneet stressin erilaisia asteita. Stressin vaikutuksen taso aiheutti eri asteisia negatiivisia vaikutuksia osittain huonontuneeseen lihan laatuun. Nainollen pitàà ajot suorittaa niin varovaisesti kuin mahdollista ja aika kàsin pitelyyn tehtàvà niin lyhyeksi kuin mahdollista. Sen lisàksi pitàà aidât rakentaa niin, ettà ulkoista hàirintàà, kàsin pitelyà ja elàinten liikuntavapauden rajoitusta vàhennetààn. Kuljetukset pitàà suorittaa varovaisuudella ja koettaa vàlttàà kàsin pitelyà kuormauksessa ja purkauksessa. Teurastaminen pitàà suorittaa vâlittômàsti, toisin sanoen aidan luona. Elàvien elàinten kuljetus, sekà elàinten pitàminen aitauksissa tai tarhoissa teurastamista odotellessa aiheuttaa lihalaadun huonontumiseen ja pitàà nàin ollen vàlttàà.

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Effect of Dietary Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Additive on Meat Quality and Nutrient Composition of Fattening Pigs

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1720

Author(s):

Nancy Jerez-Timaure ◽

Melissa Sánchez-Hidalgo ◽

Rubén Pulido ◽

Jonathan Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Regular Diet ◽

Longissimus Lumborum ◽

Fattening Pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) additive (SWA) on meat quality and nutrient composition of commercial fattening pigs. The treatments were: Regular diet with 0% inclusion of SWA (CON); Regular diet with 2% SWA (2%-SWA); Regular diet with 4% SWA (4%-SWA). After slaughtering, five carcasses from each group were selected, and longissimus lumborum (LL) samples were taken for meat quality and chemical composition analysis. Meat quality traits (except redness intensity) were not affected (p > 0.05) by treatments. Samples from the 4%-SWA treatment showed the lowest a value than those from the 2%-SWA and CON treatments (p = 0.05). Meat samples from the 4%-SWA group contained 3.37 and 3.81 mg/100 g more of muscle cholesterol than CON and 2% SWA groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The SWA treatments affected (p ≤ 0.05) the content of ash, Mn, Fe, and Cu. The LL samples from 4%-SWA had the highest content of ash; however, they showed 0.13, 0.45, and 0.23 less mg/100 g of Mn, Fe, and Zn, respectively, compared to samples from CON (p ≤ 0.05). Fatty acids composition and macro minerals content (Na, Mg, and K) did not show variation due to the SWA treatments. Further studies are needed to understand the biological effects of these components on adipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and mineral deposition in muscle.

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Five Different Noise Intensities Robustly Affects Corticosterone, Gastrin and Endothelin-1 Responses and Initiated Gastric Tissue Damage in Wistar Rats

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i54a33719 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-69

Author(s):

Ravinder Kumar Mehra ◽

Mahesh Prashad ◽

Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽

Prevesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Gastric Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Sham Control ◽

Endothelin 1 ◽

Noise Stress ◽

Sham Control Group

Likewise other stress response noise stress is also affects the homeostasis of the biological systems and produce stress response in the form of Corticosterone to prevent the damage but if the exposure is longer with higher magnitude it may disrupt the robust ability of the homeostasis and could produce the damage to the biological systems. The goal of our study was to see how five different noise intensities affected stomach tissue damage. 42 healthy rats were divided into five different stress exposure group, normal control (NC) and sham control (SC) groups. Noise stress exposure was delivered for 1 hour per day continued for 30 days in all five noise exposed groups by specially designed noise chamber whereas sham control group of animals kept in noise chamber for 1 hour per day continued for 30 days without noise stress exposure and control group of animals neither exposed to noise stress of any intensities and nor kept in noise chamber without noise but remain in the same experimental room in their homecage for 30 days respectively. Results of the study showed that animals exposed to 60 and 80 dB noise give habituated and not significant Corticosterone, Gastrin and Endothelin-1 responses compared to NC and SC groups while animals exposed to 100, 120 and 140 dB had significantly higher Corticosterone, Gastrin and Endothelin-1 response and also chronic gastric damage was observed compared to later two noise exposed groups respectively. Study concluded that not only higher but also lower noise intensities also initiated the gastric damage even after the adaptation.

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Stress inhibits nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of heat shock protein hsc70

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00590.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (4) ◽

pp. C1034-C1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Mohamed Kodiha ◽

Angel Chu ◽

Omar Lazrak ◽

Ursula Stochaj

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling ◽

Nuclear Compartment ◽

Intracellular Targeting ◽

Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins of the hsp/hsc70 family are essential chaperones, implicated in the stress response, aging, and a growing number of human diseases. At the molecular level, hsc70s are required for the proper folding and intracellular targeting of polypeptides as well as the regulation of apoptosis. Cytoplasmic members of the hsp/hsc70 family are believed to shuttle between nuclei and cytoplasm; they are found in both compartments of unstressed cells. Our experiments demonstrate that actin filament-destabilizing drugs trigger the nuclear accumulation of hsc70s in unstressed and heat-shocked cells recovering from stress. Using human-mouse heterokaryons, we show that stress inhibits shuttling and sequesters the chaperone in nuclei. The inhibition of hsc70 shuttling upon heat shock is only transient, and transport is reestablished when cells recover from stress. Hsc70 shuttling is controlled by hsc70 retention in the nucleus, a process that is mediated by two distinct mechanisms, ATP-sensitive binding of hsc70s to chaperone substrates and, furthermore, the association with nucleoli. The nucleolar protein fibrillarin and ribosomal protein rpS6 were identified as components that show an increased association with hsc70s in the nucleus upon stress exposure. Together, our data suggest that stress abolishes the exit of hsc70s from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby limiting their function to the nuclear compartment. We propose that during recovery from stress hsc70s are released from nuclear and nucleolar anchors, which is a prerequisite to restore shuttling.

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Alprazolam treatment immediately after stress exposure interferes with the normal HPA-stress response and increases vulnerability to subsequent stress in an animal model of PTSD

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.12.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 283-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Michael A. Matar ◽

Joseph Zohar ◽

Zeev Kaplan ◽

Hagit Cohen

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Stress Response ◽

Stress Exposure

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Effect of including double bunks and straw on behaviour, stress response production performance and meat quality in feedlot lambs

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.06.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L.A. Aguayo-Ulloa ◽

M. Pascual-Alonso ◽

M. Villarroel ◽

J.L. Olleta ◽

G.C. Miranda-de la Lama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feedlot Lambs

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Expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response in colonies of the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri exposed to various environmental conditions

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1016/j.ecss.2016.12.017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 22-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefano Tasselli ◽

Francesca Ballin ◽

Nicola Franchi ◽

Elena Fabbri ◽

Loriano Ballarin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Botryllus Schlosseri ◽

Expression Of Genes

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Injection of neonatal piglets with dexamethasone stimulates leptin mRNA expression and reduces the stress response in market weight pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800052231 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

W.J. Meadus ◽

R. MacInnis ◽

J.L. Aalhus ◽

N.J. Cook

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Stress Response ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Neonatal Piglets ◽

Receptor Mrna ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor Mrna

AbstractNeonatal piglets were given three daily injections of dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg body weight to examine if their stress response and carcass fat distribution at a 120-kg market weight could be altered. The daily acute injections tended to increase the amount of muscle and adrenal leptin mRNA expression (P < 0·1) for 1 and 3 days after the end of the treatment but had no effect on the amount of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA. The treated animals had a 19% lower adult stress response to transport than the controls as measured by salivary cortisol levels. There was no significant change in the treated animals’ carcass and meat quality traits at market weight. However, a trend towards more marbling fat and carcass backfat were seen in the dexamethasone treated pigs at market weight.

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Combined multivariate analysis and machine learning reveals a predictive module of metabolic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Omics ◽

10.1039/c8mo00095f ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 437-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lisa Fürtauer ◽

Alice Pschenitschnigg ◽

Helene Scharkosi ◽

Wolfram Weckwerth ◽

Thomas Nägele

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Stress Response ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Molecular Core ◽

Core Module ◽

Biochemical Regulation

A stress-responsive molecular core module was identified which supports the prediction of complex biochemical regulation under changing environmental conditions.

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Molecular Characterization of a PU.1 Transcription Complex Formed on the IL-1β Proximal Promoter.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.3547.3547 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 3547-3547

Author(s):

Trang Hoang ◽

Benoit Grondin ◽

Martin Lefrancois ◽

Marianne St Denis ◽

Daniel G. Tenen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Stress Response ◽

Dna Binding ◽

Leucine Zipper ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Proximal Promoter ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Nuclear Extracts

Abstract The gene coding for the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is induced at the transcription level in differentiating macrophages and in stress response. Interestingly, PU.1 and C/EBPβ, two transcription factors implicated in IL-1β gene expression are not induced by stress exposure, while c-Jun is strongly induced. Strikingly, this upregulation of c-Jun is required for IL-1β induction, as cells expressing a c-Jun antisense construct fail to respond to stress exposure. We have mapped the induction of IL-1β gene expression to its proximal promoter and show that it is mediated by the transcriptional synergy between C/EBPβ, c-Jun and PU.1 via specific DNA binding sites for C/EBPβ and PU.1 only. To elucidate how PU.1 and C/EBPβ cooperate with c-Jun at the molecular level, we have optimized a DNA binding assay based on IL-1β promoter fragments immobilized on beads to isolate protein complexes from nuclear extracts, which were subsequently eluted and identified by Western blotting. We show that PU.1 or C/EBPβ alone directly bind this promoter fragment via specific sequences while purified recombinant c-Jun fails to do so. However, the presence of either PU.1 or C/EBPβ on the promoter allows for a recruitment of c-Jun to the DNA template, mediated by direct protein-protein interaction. Interestingly, the leucine zipper domain of c-Jun is essential for its interaction with C/EBPβ while dispensable for PU.1 interaction in vitro whereas its basic domain is required for both interactions. Furthermore, we show that PU.1 and C/EBPβ cooperatively bind the IL-1β promoter, resulting in a synergistic recruitment of c-Jun. Finally, we show that the strength of interaction of c-Jun mutants with PU.1 or C/EBPβ determine the strength of transcription output and c-Jun mutants that fail to associate with either PU.1 or C/EBPβ are transcriptionally inactive. In contrast, c-Jun mutants exhibiting increased homodimerization are more active that the wild type protein. Taken together, our data suggest that c-Jun homodimers can be targeted to the IL-1β promoter in the absence of a specific DNA binding element, and conclude that PU.1 and C/EBPβ are specifically tethered to the IL-1β promoter while c-Jun cooperatively binds these proteins and acts as a transcriptional co-activator. We propose a mechanism based on an initial binding of PU.1 and C/EBPβ to the IL-1β promoter followed by a cooperative recruitment of c-Jun, resulting in transcriptional synergy and IL-1β gene expression in stress response.

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