scholarly journals Yes, We Khan—Diversity and De-Monsterization of Muslim Identities in Ms. Marvel (2014–)

Nordlit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Borg Andreassen
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Pakistani American ◽  
Marvel Comics ◽  
Muslim Identities

In 2014, Marvel comics introduced a new character to take over the mantle of the superhero identity Ms. Marvel. The new heroine is Kamala Khan, a 16-year-old girl born and raised in New Jersey. Khan is Marvel’s first Pakistani-American, Muslim superhero to headline her own comic book; as such, she represents a move towards diversification in a historically conservative, white and masculine genre. In addition, Kamala Khan comes into existence in a political and social context where the 9/11 attacks, the ‘War on Terror’, and Islamophobia continue to reverberate. This article explores how the Ms. Marvel comic functions as a critique of the ways in which social norms, stereotypes and prejudices have monsterized multicultural, Muslim identities, especially in the years following 9/11. Conducting analyses of Khan’s conflicted relationship to her own identities and issues concerning visibility and concealment, I explore how these negative framings affect her self-perception, and in turn her self-representation. Lastly, I aim to illustrate the ways in which the comic challenges monolithic and monstrous representations of Islam through its depiction of diverse, multicultural, Muslim identities.

scholarly journals "Ms. Marvel," Tumblr, and the industrial logics of identity in digital spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Comic Book ◽  
Gendered Identity ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Pakistani American ◽  
Identity Markers ◽  
Marvel Comics ◽  
Identity Expression ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Digital Spaces

This essay examines fan interactions on "The All-New Ms. Marvel Backstage Pass," a Tumblr site initiated by Marvel Comics to promote the Ms. Marvel (2014–) comic book. I conceive of this site as a space in which racial, ethnic, and gendered identity dimensions can be uniquely articulated in accordance with identity markers of the Ms. Marvel character, a female teenage Pakistani American Muslim. These articulations are possible due to Tumblr's unique affordances as a mediator of fandom formation—affordances that are both technological and social. For Ms. Marvel fans, Tumblr affords opportunities for intertexual and paratextual productivity, orienting emerging fans into broader rites and practices of fandom participation and specific forms of identity expression undertaken in accordance with identity vectors of Ms. Marvel, its creators, and its fans. For Marvel Comics, fan activities on "The All-New Ms. Marvel Backstage Pass" are a source of promotional labor inflected with the veneer of authenticity, providing the company with a centralized means of instigating fannish promotion and emboldening an emergent audience that corresponds to institutional desires for audience diversification. This Tumblr therefore brokers the economic and institutional drives of Marvel Comics and the cultural drives of an emergent diversified fandom.

Kamala Khan, Miles Morales, and Marvel Now!

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Pumphrey
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Pakistani American ◽  
Marvel Comics ◽  
Toxic Culture ◽  
Black And Latino

In 2012, Marvel Comics created a diversity campaign called Marvel Now! Several new characters were developed in order to add diverse superheroes to the Marvel Universe in an attempt to attract new fans through representation. This introduction of new heroes brought readers a Pakistani-American, Muslim Ms. Marvel in Kamala Khan, as well as Miles Morales, a Spider-Man of Black and Latino heritage. Given the stereotype that the majority of comic book fans are white, cisgender males, there was considerable resistance from traditional readers regarding these two new characters. This chapter examines the responses that arose from the assumed threat to white, cismale identity, the gatekeeping within comic book readership, and the toxic culture of the white, male fanboy.

The Origins of Voluntary Compliance: Attitudes toward Taxation in Urban Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bodea ◽  
Adrienne LeBas
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Exchange Mechanism ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Tax Enforcement ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Voluntary Compliance ◽  
Tax Regimes

Voluntary compliance is an important aspect of strong tax regimes, but there is limited understanding of how social norms favoring compliance emerge. Using novel data from urban Nigeria, where tax enforcement is weak, this article shows that individuals with a positive experience of state services delivery are more likely to express belief in an unconditioned citizen obligation to pay tax. In addition to support for this fiscal exchange mechanism, social context is consequential. Where individuals have access to community-provided goods, which may substitute for effective state services provision, they are less likely to adopt pro-compliance norms. Finally, the article shows that norm adoption increases tax payment. These findings have broad implications for literatures on state formation, taxation and public goods provision.

scholarly journals Pakistani-American Muslim women identity negotiation as reflected in diaspora literature

LEKSIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nur Asiyah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Identity Negotiation ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Hybrid Identity ◽  
Diaspora Literature ◽  
Diasporic Literature ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
The World ◽  
Pakistani American

Identity is significant issue in the world. Pakistani-American Muslim women faced the problems of identity because they got different treatment in the society. This study reveals how do Pakistani-American Muslim women negotiate their identity and the result of negotiation? This research was done under descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research are the words, phrases, and sentences from diasporic literature entitled Saffron Dreams by Shaila Abdullah that published in 2009.  To analyze the data, this study used postcolonial theory based on Bhabha’s hybridity and Tomey’s identity negotiation concept. Based on the research, it is found that Pakistan American Muslim women negotiate their identity by mindful negotiation namely adapting American culture and shaping hybrid identity. They change their fashion style by putting off their veils. They replace Arabic name into American style to hide their religious identity. In building the house they American building with Arabian nuance. On the other hand, in assimilating the culture to get a job, Pakistani American Muslim women must fight harder because of the striking differences in culture and the idealism they believe in.

scholarly journals Readings Behind the Early Christian Queer Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Larisa Orlov Vilimonović
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Gender Fluidity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Body Modifications

This paper deals with the ideas of queer experiences in the Early Christian movement, seen through early Christian epistemologies of gender and patristic thought focused on sex differences. The lives and passions of transgender nuns are used in discussing various aspects of gender fluidity in early Christianity. Theoretically, the paper rests on the idea of the performativity of gender, that is, on the ways gender was constructed and how body modifications enabled renegotiation of gender categories. It also focuses on the social context of queer experiences in the late antique period with regard to Roman social norms.

Profiling “User Bases” of Online Social Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Current User ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Practices

One aspect of profiling to enhance teaching and learning involves the various contexts in which learners will engage, such as particular social media ecosystems and their attendant microcultures (the social norms and common practices in these spaces), particularly if learners will be engaging with individuals outside of the formal classroom. Understanding the larger online social context helps define the affordances and constraints of what can be effectively taught and learned. This involves profiling the current user base of the online social spaces where the learners will be engaging and interacting and co-creating knowledge.

scholarly journals Social Desirability Bias in the 2016 Presidential Election

The Forum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Klar ◽  
Christopher R. Weber ◽  
Yanna Krupnikov
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Psychological Trait

AbstractPartisanship is a stable trait but expressions of partisan preferences can vary according to social context. When particular preferences become socially undesirable, some individuals refrain from expressing them in public, even in relatively anonymous settings such as surveys and polls. In this study, we rely on the psychological trait of self-monitoring to show that Americans who are more likely to adjust their behaviors to comply with social norms (i.e. high self-monitors) were less likely to express support for Donald Trump during the 2016 Presidential Election. In turn, as self-monitoring decreases, we find that the tendency to express support for Trump increases. This study suggests that – at least for some individuals – there may have been a tendency in 2016 to repress expressed support for Donald Trump in order to mask socially undesirable attitudes.

scholarly journals Drawing Fear of Difference: Race, Gender, and National Identity in Ms. Marvel Comics

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-197
Author(s):  
Dean Cooper-Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
International Relations ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
Identidad Nacional ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Marvel Comics ◽  
Feminist Poststructuralist ◽  
Global War

Feminist scholars have provided important analyses of the gendered and racialised discourses used to justify the Global War on Terror. They show how post-9/11 policies were made possible through particular binary constructions of race, gender, and national identity in official discourse. Turning to popular culture, this article uses a Queer feminist poststructuralist approach to look at the ways that Ms. Marvel comics destabilise and contest those racialised and gendered discourses. Specifically, it explores how Ms. Marvel provides a reading of race, gender, and national identity in post-9/11 USA that challenges gendered-racialised stereotypes. Providing a Queer reading of Ms. Marvel that undermines the coherence of Self/Other binaries, the article concludes that to write, draw, and circulate comics and the politics they depict is a way of intervening in international relations that imbues comics with the power to engage in dialogue with and (re)shape systems of racialised-gendered domination and counter discriminatory legislation. Dibujando miedo a la diferencia: raza, género e identidad nacional en Ms. Marvel Comics

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