scholarly journals Svalbardforskning og svalbardpolitikk 1870-1925 Forskere som politiske aktører

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar-Arne Drivenes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Far North ◽  
The 19Th Century

The research and commercial activity in the Scandinavian portion of the Arctic increased appreciably in the last decades of the 19th century and up until the 1920s. Not unexpectedly, the idea arose during this period to bring the largest group of the as yet unclaimed Arctic islands, Spitsbergen, under Norwegian or Swedish control. Norwegian political ambitions in the far north seem to have expanded proportionally with economic and scientific activity. What role did science play in this process? In the contest to win Svalbard, Norwegian authorities deliberately used research results and research activity as justification that Spitsbergen was Norwegian. Also, Spitsbergen researchers worked systematically towards a Norwegian conquest of the archipelago, economic and cultural at first, but ultimately political.

scholarly journals Update on Bolognese surgeon Dr. Benedetto Schiassi: the importance of Schiassi’s tentorium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Federico Coccolini ◽  
Salomone Di Saverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The 19Th Century

Risk of infection remains a major concern for surgeons. The expansion of surgery towards the end of the 19th century determined a noticeable increase in septicemia and gangrene, and surgeons developed various techniques to limit them. In a previous publication, we reminded our readers of one of the gems of Italian surgery, Dr. Giuseppe Ruggi, who operated in Bologna from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. To him we owe the introduction and dissemination of the antiseptic method in Bologna. His scientific activity continued with Dr. Benedetto Schiassi, his successor. The techniques used to avoid microbial contamination by the Italian surgeon Dr. Schiassi, are particularly interesting, as Schiassi’s tentorium is still useful. Despite advances in surgical technologies, many innovations to prevent infection in surgery proposed in the past are still relevant today.

Using the results of dangerous cryogenic processes investigations in student education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Grebenets ◽  
Vasily Tolmanov ◽  
Vladimir Fedin ◽  
Anton Sinitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Far North ◽  
Student Education ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>The department traditionally holds specialized practices of cryolithology and glaciology. Recently, specialized field course (sometimes international) have been concentrated in the Arctic region of Russia in the south of Yamal. The studies were focused on the investigation of the permafrost features in the regions, on assessing the permafrost dynamics and processes, affected by the various number of factors.</p><p>Here, the results of studies dedicated to the assessment of dangerous cryogenic processes impact on the infrastructure of the far north are widely introduced. Unique studies of the level of deformation of the infrastructure of the northern settlements are carried out during the establishment and development of an unfavorable geocryological situation.  Monitoring observations are carried out both in natural and in urbanized conditions,  allow us to compare the intensity of the processes, evaluate the contribution of technogenesis and climatic changes.</p><p>Based on the research results, students and researchers receive the necessary data and field results for analyzing the dynamics and changes in geotechnical systems in the context of an increase in the technogenic press and temperature increase in the region.</p><p>Investigation is supported by the <strong>RFBR project 18-05-60080</strong> “Dangerous nival-glacial and cryogenic processes and their influence on infrastructure in the Arctic”</p><p> </p>

Tales of the far north; Dr William Gordon Stables and the Arctic adventure story in the late Victorian era

Polar Record ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Wamsley
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Far North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractDr William Gordon Stables (1837–1910) was perhaps the most prolific author of juvenile works during the second half of the 19th century, publishing more than 130 full-length novels, in addition to offering regular contributions to juvenile magazines. His writings covered a diverse range of subject areas, spanning all regions of the globe, and offered lively tales of adventure often coupled with moral guidance and imperialistic overtones. However, it was juvenile tales of adventure set in the far north that were his favourites and among his most frequent selections. Drawing upon his own first-hand Arctic experiences, Stables provided a knowledgeable view of the northern regions, offering vivid and realistic depictions of life and work in the Arctic, as well as its peoples, natural history and natural wonders. The challenges of survival in the harsh environment of the Arctic fostered a physical approach to manliness and maturity in Stables’ young heroes, who served as powerful role models for his youthful audience. Stables’ works enjoyed widespread popularity among impressionable juvenile readers and helped to shape their perceptions of the Arctic regions and impart character values on their path to adulthood. This article examines Stables’ contribution to Arctic storytelling in the late Victorian era.

scholarly journals Uelen hunters and artists

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Bronshtein
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World War ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Abstract Uelen is a settlement inhabited by coastal Chukchi and Yupik people who do not only hunt sea animals but also carve their ivory. Archaeological excavations in Uelen testify that ivory carving has existed there at least since the beginning of our era. When whale hunters and traders came in Uelen in the 19th century, traditional ivory carving turned into an ethnic handicraft. In 1931, Uelen residents were the first to open an ivory carving workshop in Chukotka. In the mid-1930s, they benefited from the valuable help of the Russian artist and art critic Alexander Gorbunkov, who encouraged them to develop their own artistic potential. By the end of the 1930s, Uelen carvers and engravers had acquired their particular artistic style based on their deep knowledge of the Arctic hunters’ customs, expressive images of polar animals, and the natural beauty of walrus tusk. The involvement of a large number of Uelen inhabitants in ivory carving was the main reason for its preservation during the Second World War and the difficult aftermath. New tendencies, including human and folklore themes, emerged in the 1950s-1970s alongside traditional hunting depictions. In the 1980s and 1990s, Uelen artists included in their art some patterns from prehistoric ornaments. While many Chukotka artists are using new creative ways in the 2000s, Uelen carvers in general keep closer to tradition. For them, ivory carving has become a symbol of the vanishing culture of their ancestors.

scholarly journals Brazilian Military History: Perspectives on History Writing

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Fabio da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Writing ◽  
New Information ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Young Researchers

The article aims to present historiographical perspectives for Military History theory. For this, the researchers had access to specialized bibliography to contextualize classics of the three strands, analyzing how history is written from the 19th century to contemporary times. The Traditional, Marxist, and New History currents, concomitant with examples described in works in Military History, received decisive contributions to professional improvement in scientific activity throughout this period. In this way, it provides young researchers with the opportunity to innovate and find new information to deepen the historical knowledge of Military History issues: leaders, institutions, mentality, and values.

scholarly journals Н. Я. Бичурин в поисках этнической идентичности

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1348
Author(s):  
Anton K. Salmin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Introduction. The article contains analysis of the attitude of the Sinologist, specialist in Mongolian and Manchu studies Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin (Ven. Hyacinth) to his ethnic identity. Goals. The study aims to consider N. Bichurin’s personality in the context of his biography, family, relatives, physical appearances and character, scientific achievements and environment. The veiled rare facts of the attitude of Nikita Yakovlevich to his ethnic origin are as essential. Materials and Methods. The work focuses on archival sources and publications of leading researchers to have investigated N. Bichurin’s life and activities. The figure of Sinologist Hyacinth Bichurin in the frame of 19th-century events remains as intriguing as ever, the latter to include his ethnic backgrounds and personal attitude to his roots. The article analyses archival and published sources to outline the concept of ‘ethnic identity according to Bichurin’. The sought objectives are detected in Bichurin’s biography, family roots, physical features, facts of scientific activity, relations with friends, search for his offspring and in the attitudes of the society to his personality. The low manifestation of ethnic identity in Bichurin’s life and activities is explained by the fact that he was a free ― though ordained ― thinker, which made it impossible to emphasize ethnic identity in the 19th century. In addition, such unpleasant facts of his biography as arrest, imprisonment, and confinement in a cell would repeatedly put him under psychological pressure. Identity was understood by Bichurin as an ability to touch the height in science while being a foreigner.

The literacy rate of young workers in Siberia at the end of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Irina Pivovarova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
General Population ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The 19Th Century

Based on the results of the first general population census, the literacy of the population was analyzed regarding the number and composition of workers in Siberia in the context of 28 groups and the corresponding types of industrial and commercial activity. The most popular types of youth employment in Siberia have been identified. Shown is the gender and age differentiation of literate among employed youth. The types of activities in which young people are employed with the highest and lowest literacy levels are indicated.

scholarly journals Pedagogical Conditions for Ensuring the Quality of Engineering Training in Ukraine in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Oleksenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Engineering Training

This article discusses the research results of the didactic system of training engineers at the Kharkiv Practical Technological Institute (Ukraine). It establishes the historical context for the founding of the first technical institute on the Left-Bank of Ukraine, including accounting for the great need for civilian private enterprises in engineering personnel, as well as the influence of businessmen. In carrying out the institutional analysis of the basic organizational and normative documents that regulate the educational process, particular attention is paid to class schedules and curricula from the opening of the institute in 1885 to 1891. The article comprehensively outlines the components of ensuring the quality of engineering training and considers the modernization of the process of training engineers. It also identifies and substantiates information parameters of the students, including the social status of future engineers by estate and faith. This research produces a holistic understanding of student training and expulsion. The research results are based on archival materials and literature of the 19th century.    

scholarly journals Were capitalists interested only in profit in the 19th century? An example of Jan Gottlieb Bloch

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pieczewski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 19Th Century

The social class which was the spiritus movens of rapid economic transformation in the lands of the Kingdom of Poland in the nineteenth century was the bourgeoisie. In the public sphere, there is still a strong conviction among contemporary Poles about the moral defects of capitalists, for whom, according to the prevailing stereotypes, only profit was important. The author of this article, to contradict this claim, gives an example of the life and actions of Jan Gottlieb Bloch (1836–1902). The aim of the article is to present the broad economic, social and scientific activity of Bloch as a member of the bourgeoisie of the Kingdom of Poland. The author also points to the need for further research on the work of Jan Bloch, especially in the field of his economic and irenological writing.

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