scholarly journals Inference and control of the nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Pei ◽  
Flaviano Morone ◽  
Fredrik Liljeros ◽  
Hernán Makse ◽  
Jeffrey L Shaman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Heuristic Strategies ◽  
Number Of Patients

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a continued threat to human health in both community and healthcare settings. In hospitals, control efforts would benefit from accurate estimation of asymptomatic colonization and infection importation rates from the community. However, developing such estimates remains challenging due to limited observation of colonization and complicated transmission dynamics within hospitals and the community. Here, we develop an inference framework that can estimate these key quantities by combining statistical filtering techniques, an agent-based model, and real-world patient-to-patient contact networks, and use this framework to infer nosocomial transmission and infection importation over an outbreak spanning 6 years in 66 Swedish hospitals. In particular, we identify a small number of patients with disproportionately high risk of colonization. In retrospective control experiments, interventions targeted to these individuals yield a substantial improvement over heuristic strategies informed by number of contacts, length of stay and contact tracing.

Genomic Epidemiology of Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections Among Hospitalized Individuals in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (12) ◽  
pp. 2071-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Guthrie ◽  
Sarah Teatero ◽  
Sotaro Hirai ◽  
Alex Fortuna ◽  
Daniel Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Abstract Background Prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections remain challenging. In-depth surveillance integrating patient and isolate data can provide evidence to better inform infection control and public health practice. Methods We analyzed MRSA cases diagnosed in 2010 (n = 212) and 2016 (n = 214) by hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Case-level clinical and demographic data were integrated with isolate characteristics, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR), classic genotyping, and whole-genome sequencing results. Results Community-associated MRSA (epidemiologically defined) increased significantly from 23.6% in 2010 to 43.0% in 2016 (P < .001). The MRSA population structure changed over time, with a 1.5× increase in clonal complex (CC)8 strains and a concomitant decrease in CC5. The clonal shift was reflected in AMR patterns, with a decrease in erythromycin (86.7% to 78.4%, P = .036) and clindamycin resistance (84.3% to 47.9%, P < .001) and a >2-fold increase in fusidic acid resistance (9.0% to 22.5%, P < .001). Isolates within both CC5 and CC8 were relatively genetically diverse. We identified 6 small genomic clusters—3 potentially related to transmission in healthcare settings. Conclusions Community-associated MRSA is increasing among hospitalized individuals in Ontario. Clonal shifting from CC5 to CC8 has impacted AMR. We identified a relatively high genetic diversity and limited genomic clustering within these dominant CCs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Carrier in Hemodialysis Patients at Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Eko Oktiawan Wicaksono ◽  
Artaria Tjempakasari ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now a global epidemic, and the prevalence is increasing worldwide. Hemodialysis    is one of the ways to treat by kidney function replacement. Infection is the number two cause of death in patients with hemodialysis (HD). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of bacteriemia in patients with dialysis. The epidemiological data of MRSA carriers in CKD in Indonesia are still scarce. This study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA carriers in patients at The Kidney and Hypertension Outpatient-clinic and Hemodialysis Installation at Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya Indonesia. The study design was descriptive-analytic with a cross- sectional study design. Sampling was collected consecutively. Data on the general characteristics of the research subjects will be analyzed using a Chi-Squared test. There were 150 CKD stage five patients included in this study, the number  of patients has MRSA carrier were 6 (4%), among them, subjects underwent HD MRSA carrier were 2 subjects(2.7%), while for non-HD patients with MRSA were 4 subjects (5.3 %). There were no significant differences in MRSA carriers between HD and non HD groups (p=0.404). Comorbid factors that accompany MRSA carriers are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney stones, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).  This study found, there were no significant differences in the incidence of MRSA carriers in stage five CKD non HD or HD groups. MRSA colonization exists in stage five CKD sufferers, so awareness of MRSA colonization

Revision of a Treatment Algorithm for Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
Marisel Segarra-Newnham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Empiric Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients

Purpose Describe the need for a revision to a treatment algorithm for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections 3 years after implementation. Methods Medical records for patients seen in the emergency department (ED) for CA-MRSA skin infections from October 2005 through August 2007 were compared with records for patients seen from September 2002 through September 2004. Results Most patients with CA-MRSA initially were seen in the ED; however, by mid-2007 an increasing number of patients were coming to primary care clinics, particularly with recurrent episodes, and treatment for CA-MRSA was suboptimal in this setting. In addition, approximately 14% of CA-MRSA cases were not considered high risk based on the algorithm risk assessment. When the algorithm was implemented, the risk assessment classified less than 5% of CA-MRSA cases as low risk. Furthermore, newly published data suggested that incision and drainage (I&D) was sufficient for small abscesses. Therefore, a revised algorithm that provided for treatment in all ambulatory settings, encouraged I&D for small abscesses, and facilitated empiric treatment for CA-MRSA in all cases of suspected staphylococcal infection was developed. Initial feedback from providers has been positive, and a post implementation review has been planned. Conclusion A treatment algorithm that initially facilitated the care of patients with CA-MRSA skin infections in the ED only required revision because changes in the epidemiology of this disease had been observed. The new algorithm provides for empiric treatment for CA-MRSA in all cases of suspected staphylococcal skin infection, regardless of perceived risk or setting.

Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a mother to her preterm quadruplet infants

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Morel ◽  
Fann Wu ◽  
Phyllis Della-Latta ◽  
Alicia Cronquist ◽  
David Rubenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document