scholarly journals Msn2/4 regulate expression of glycolytic enzymes and control transition from quiescence to growth

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Kuang ◽  
Sudarshan Pinglay ◽  
Hongkai Ji ◽  
Jef D Boeke
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Control

Nutrient availability and stresses impact a cell’s decision to enter a growth state or a quiescent state. Acetyl-CoA stimulates cell growth under nutrient-limiting conditions, but how cells generate acetyl-CoA under starvation stress is less understood. Here, we show that general stress response factors, Msn2 and Msn4, function as master transcriptional regulators of yeast glycolysis via directly binding and activating genes encoding glycolytic enzymes. Yeast cells lacking Msn2 and Msn4 exhibit prevalent repression of glycolytic genes and a significant delay of acetyl-CoA accumulation and reentry into growth from quiescence. Thus Msn2/4 exhibit a dual role in activating carbohydrate metabolism genes and stress response genes. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which starvation-induced stress response factors may prime quiescent cells to reenter growth through glycolysis when nutrients are limited.

scholarly journals The RpoH-Mediated Stress Response in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Is Regulated at the Level of Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (24) ◽  
pp. 8443-8452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Laskos ◽  
Catherine S. Ryan ◽  
Janet A. M. Fyfe ◽  
John K. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The general stress response in Neisseria gonorrhoeae was investigated. Transcriptional analyses of the genes encoding the molecular chaperones DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE suggested that they are transcribed from σ32 (RpoH)-dependent promoters upon exposure to stress. This was confirmed by mutational analysis of the σ32 promoter of dnaK. The gene encoding the gonococcal RpoH sigma factor appears to be essential, as we could not isolate viable mutants. Deletion of an unusually long rpoH leader sequence resulted in elevated levels of transcription, suggesting that this region is involved in negative regulation of RpoH expression during normal growth. Transcriptional analyses and protein studies determined that regulation of the RpoH-mediated stress response is different from that observed in most other species, in which regulation occurs predominantly at the transcriptional and translational levels. We suggest that an increase in the activity of preformed RpoH is primarily responsible for induction of the stress response in N. gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals The Yeast Ras/Cyclic AMP Pathway Induces Invasive Growth by Suppressing the Cellular Stress Response

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7529-7538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Stanhill ◽  
Naomi Schick ◽  
David Engelberg
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Haploid yeast cells are capable of invading agar when grown on rich media. Cells of the Σ1278b genetic background manifest this property, whereas other laboratory strains are incapable of invasive growth. We show that disruption of the RAS2 gene in the Σ1278b background significantly reduces invasive growth but that expression of a constitutively active Ras2p (Ras2Val19p) in this strain has a minimal effect on its invasiveness. On the other hand, expression of Ras2Val19p in another laboratory strain, SP1, rendered it invasive. These results suggest that a hyperactive Ras2 pathway induces invasive growth and that this pathway might be overactive in the Σ1278b genetic background. Indeed, cells of the Σ1278b are defective in the induction of stress-responsive genes, while theirGcn4 target genes are constitutively transcribed. This pattern of gene expression was previously shown to be associated with an active Ras/cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. We show that suppression of stress-related genes in Σ1278b cells is a result of their inability to activate transcription through the stress response element (STRE). Disruption of RAS2, which abolished invasiveness, induced an increase in STRE activity. Further, in the SP1 genetic background, disruption of either the MSN2/4 genes (encoding activators of STRE) or the yAP-1 gene was sufficient to restore invasive growth inras2Δ cells. We conclude that Ras2-mediated suppression of the stress response is sufficient to induce invasiveness. Accordingly, the fact that the stress response is suppressed in Σ1278b background explains its invasiveness. It seems that invasiveness is a phenotype related to unregulated growth and is therefore manifested by cells harboring an overactive Ras/cAMP cascade. In this respect, invasiveness in yeast is reminiscent of the property of ras-transformed fibroblasts to invade soft agar.

scholarly journals The InsP7 phosphatase Siw14 regulates inositol pyrophosphate levels to control localization of the general stress response transcription factor Msn2

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 (7) ◽  
pp. 2043-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Steidle ◽  
Victoria A. Morrissette ◽  
Kotaro Fujimaki ◽  
Lucy Chong ◽  
Adam C. Resnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Environmental Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Inositol Pyrophosphate ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Inositol Pyrophosphates

The environmental stress response (ESR) is critical for cell survival. Yeast cells unable to synthesize inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are unable to induce the ESR. We recently discovered a diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP5) phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoded by SIW14. Yeast strains deleted for SIW14 have increased levels of PP-InsPs. We hypothesized that strains with high inositol pyrophosphate levels will have an increased stress response. We examined the response of the siw14Δ mutant to heat shock, nutrient limitation, osmotic stress, and oxidative treatment using cell growth assays and found increased resistance to each. Transcriptional responses to oxidative and osmotic stresses were assessed using microarray and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. The ESR was partially induced in the siw14Δ mutant strain, consistent with the increased stress resistance, and the mutant strain further induced the ESR in response to oxidative and osmotic stresses. The levels of PP-InsPs increased in WT cells under oxidative stress but not under hyperosmotic stress, and they were high and unchanging in the mutant. Phosphatase activity of Siw14 was inhibited by oxidation that was reversible. To determine how altered PP-InsP levels affect the ESR, we performed epistasis experiments with mutations in rpd3 and msn2/4 combined with siw14Δ. We show that mutations in msn2Δ and msn4Δ, but not rpd3, are epistatic to siw14Δ by assessing growth under oxidative stress conditions and expression of CTT1. Msn2-GFP nuclear localization was increased in the siw14Δ. These data support a model in which the modulation of PP-InsPs influence the ESR through general stress response transcription factors Msn2/4.

Evaluation of weed control in acetyl coA carboxylase-resistant rice with mixtures of quizalofop and auxinic herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Tameka L. Sanders ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Benjamin H. Lawrence ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
Thomas W. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
And Control

AbstractRice with enhanced tolerance to herbicides that inhibit acetyl coA carboxylase (ACCase) allows POST application of quizalofop, an ACCase-inhibiting herbicide. Two concurrent field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 near Stoneville, MS, to evaluate control of grass (Grass Study) and broadleaf (Broadleaf Study) weeds with sequential applications of quizalofop alone and in mixtures with auxinic herbicides applied in the first or second application. Sequential treatments of quizalofop were applied at 119 g ai ha−1 alone and in mixtures with labeled rates of auxinic herbicides to rice at the two- to three-leaf (EPOST) or four-leaf to one-tiller (LPOST) growth stages. In the Grass Study, no differences in rice injury or control of volunteer rice (‘CL151’ and ‘Rex’) were detected 14 and 28 d after last application (DA-LPOST). Barnyardgrass control at 14 and 28 DA-LPOST with quizalofop applied alone or with auxinic herbicides EPOST was ≥93% for all auxinic herbicide treatments except penoxsulam plus triclopyr. Barnyardgrass control was ≥96% with quizalofop applied alone and with auxinic herbicides LPOST. In the Broadleaf Study, quizalofop plus florpyrauxifen-benzyl controlled more Palmer amaranth 14 DA-LPOST than other mixtures with auxinic herbicides, and control with this treatment was greater EPOST compared with LPOST. Hemp sesbania control 14 DA-LPOST was ≤90% with quizalofop plus quinclorac LPOST, orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST, and triclopyr EPOST or LPOST. All mixtures except quinclorac and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST controlled ivyleaf morningglory ≥91% 14 DA-LPOST. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl or triclopyr were required for volunteer soybean control >63% 14 DA-LPOST. To optimize barnyardgrass control and rice yield, penoxsulam plus triclopyr and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac should not be mixed with quizalofop. Quizalofop mixtures with auxinic herbicides are safe and effective for controlling barnyardgrass, volunteer rice, and broadleaf weeds in ACCase-resistant rice, and the choice of herbicide mixture could be adjusted based on weed spectrum in the treated field.

scholarly journals 40S ribosome profiling reveals distinct roles for Tma20/Tma22 (MCT-1/DENR) and Tma64 (eIF2D) in 40S subunit recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Young ◽  
Sezen Meydan ◽  
Nicholas R. Guydosh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Stop Codons ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ribosome Footprinting ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Control ◽  
In Cells

AbstractThe recycling of ribosomes at stop codons for use in further rounds of translation is critical for efficient protein synthesis. Removal of the 60S subunit is catalyzed by the ATPase Rli1 (ABCE1) while removal of the 40S is thought to require Tma64 (eIF2D), Tma20 (MCT-1), and Tma22 (DENR). However, it remains unclear how these Tma proteins cause 40S removal and control reinitiation of downstream translation. Here we used a 40S ribosome footprinting strategy to directly observe intermediate steps of ribosome recycling in cells. Deletion of the genes encoding these Tma proteins resulted in broad accumulation of unrecycled 40S subunits at stop codons, directly establishing their role in 40S recycling. Furthermore, the Tma20/Tma22 heterodimer was responsible for a majority of 40S recycling events while Tma64 played a minor role. Introduction of an autism-associated mutation into TMA22 resulted in a loss of 40S recycling activity, linking ribosome recycling and neurological disease.

Clade III cytokinin response factors share common roles in response to oxidative stress responses linked to cytokinin synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 3294-3306
Author(s):  
Ariel M Hughes ◽  
H Tucker Hallmark ◽  
Lenka Plačková ◽  
Ondrej Novák ◽  
Aaron M Rashotte
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Cytokinin Response ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

Abstract Cytokinin response factors (CRFs) are transcription factors that are involved in cytokinin (CK) response, as well as being linked to abiotic stress tolerance. In particular, oxidative stress responses are activated by Clade III CRF members, such as AtCRF6. Here we explored the relationships between Clade III CRFs and oxidative stress. Transcriptomic responses to oxidative stress were determined in two Clade III transcription factors, Arabidopsis AtCRF5 and tomato SlCRF5. AtCRF5 was required for regulated expression of >240 genes that are involved in oxidative stress response. Similarly, SlCRF5 was involved in the regulated expression of nearly 420 oxidative stress response genes. Similarities in gene regulation by these Clade III members in response to oxidative stress were observed between Arabidopsis and tomato, as indicated by Gene Ontology term enrichment. CK levels were also changed in response to oxidative stress in both species. These changes were regulated by Clade III CRFs. Taken together, these findings suggest that Clade III CRFs play a role in oxidative stress response as well as having roles in CK signaling.

scholarly journals Mtl1 Is Required to Activate General Stress Response through Tor1 and Ras2 Inhibition under Conditions of Glucose Starvation and Oxidative Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 285 (25) ◽  
pp. 19521-19531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mima Ivanova Petkova ◽  
Nuria Pujol-Carrion ◽  
Javier Arroyo ◽  
Jesús García-Cantalejo ◽  
Maria Angeles de la Torre-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Glucose Starvation ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
General Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Effect of Growth State on Transcription Levels of Genes Encoding Major Secreted Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Mouse Lung

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2420-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanbo Shi ◽  
Robert North ◽  
Maria Laura Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Secreted Antigens

ABSTRACT Arrest of the multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis caused by expression of adaptive immunity in mouse lung was accompanied by a 10- to 20-fold decrease in levels of mRNAs encoding the secreted Ag85 complex and 38-kDa lipoprotein. esat-6 mRNA levels were high throughout infection. The data imply that multiplying and nonreplicating tubercle bacilli have different antigen compositions.

scholarly journals The influence of carbohydrates in the interaction of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis with CCL-6 cells in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Laurindo da Silva ◽  
Raphael Sanzio Pimenta ◽  
Juliana Fonseca Moreira da Silva ◽  
Déborah Aparecida Negrão Corrêa ◽  
Ary Corrêa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Con A ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
And Control

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the early events in the interaction between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its host. To understand the effect of carbohydrates in the interaction between the fungus and epithelial cell in culture, we analyzed the influence of different carbohydrate solutions on the adhesion of P. brasiliensis yeast cells to CCL-6 cells in culture. METHODS: Fungal cells were cultivated with the epithelial cell line, and different concentrations of D-fucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-mannose, D-glucosamine, D-galactosamine, sorbitol and fructose were added at the beginning of the experiment. Six hours after the treatment, the cells were fixed and observed by light microscopy. The number of P. brasiliensis cells that were adhered to the CCL-6 monolayer was estimated. RESULTS: The number of adhesion events was diminished following treatments with D-fucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-mannose, D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine as compared to the untreated controls. Sorbitol and fructose-treated cells had the same adhesion behavior as the observed in the control. P. brasiliensis propagules were treated with fluorescent lectins. The FITC-labeled lectins WGA and Con-A bound to P. brasiliensis yeast cells, while SBA and PNA did not. CONCLUSIONS: The perceptual of adhesion between P. brasiliensis and CCL-6 cells decreased with the use of D-mannose, N-acetyl-glucosamine and D-glucosamine. The assay using FITC-labeled lectins suggests the presence of N-acetyl-glucosamine, α-mannose and α-glucose on the P. brasiliensis cell surface. An enhanced knowledge of the mediators of adhesion on P. brasiliensis could be useful in the future for the development of more efficient and less harmful methods for disease treatment and control.

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