Static Foot Posture and Mobility Associated With Postural Sway in Elderly Women Using a Three-dimensional Foot Scanner

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Saghazadeh ◽  
Kenji Tsunoda ◽  
Yuki Soma ◽  
Tomohiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Posture

Static Foot Posture and Mobility Associated With Postural Sway in Elderly Women Using a Three-dimensional Foot Scanner

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Saghazadeh ◽  
Kenji Tsunoda ◽  
Yuki Soma ◽  
Tomohiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Total Path Length ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Mobility

Background Maintaining balance is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a range of sensorimotor factors. Foot posture and mobility may also influence balance and postural sway. Recently, three-dimensional foot scanners have been used to assess foot posture. This tool allows many individuals to be scanned quickly and easily and helps eliminate patients' radiation exposure. The objective of this study was to determine whether static foot posture and mobility are independently associated with postural sway in a large community sample of older women using objective measures of balance status and the recently launched technology of three-dimensional foot scanning. Methods This cross-sectional study included 140 community-dwelling elderly women (mean ± SD age, 73.9 ± 5.1 years) recruited in Kasama City, Japan. The postural sway variables were total path length and area and were measured by force plate. We measured static foot posture, sitting and standing navicular height, and mobility using a three-dimensional foot scanner. Foot mobility was determined as the amount of vertical navicular excursion between the positions of the subtalar joint, from neutral in sitting position to relaxed bilateral standing. Results After adjusting for potential cofounders, analysis of covariance revealed that sitting navicular height was associated with total path length (P = .038) and area (P = .031). Foot mobility was associated with total path length (P = .018). Conclusions These findings suggest that sitting navicular height and foot mobility are associated with postural sway in elderly women and might be an important factor in defining balance control in older adults.

scholarly journals High Postural Sway Is an Independent Risk Factor for Osteoporotic Fractures but Not for Mortality in Elderly Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-824
Author(s):  
Sarang Latif Qazi ◽  
Joonas Sirola ◽  
Heikki Kröger ◽  
Risto Honkanen ◽  
Masoud Isanejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures

scholarly journals Custom-Molded Foot-Orthosis Intervention and Multisegment Medial Foot Kinematics During Walking

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cobb ◽  
Laurie L. Tis ◽  
Jeffrey T. Johnson ◽  
Yong “Tai” Wang ◽  
Mark D. Geil
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Context: Foot-orthosis (FO) intervention to prevent and treat numerous lower extremity injuries is widely accepted clinically. However, the results of quantitative gait analyses have been equivocal. The foot models used, participants receiving intervention, and orthoses used might contribute to the variability. Objective: To investigate the effect of a custom-molded FO intervention on multisegment medial foot kinematics during walking in participants with low-mobile foot posture. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University biomechanics and ergonomics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Sixteen participants with low-mobile foot posture (7 men, 9 women) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 FO groups. Intervention(s): After a 2-week period to break in the FOs, individuals participated in a gait analysis that consisted of 5 successful walking trials (1.3 to 1.4 m/s) during no-FO and FO conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Three-dimensional displacements during 4 subphases of stance (loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, preswing) were computed for each multisegment foot model articulation. Results: Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that rearfoot complex dorsiflexion displacement during midstance was greater in the FO than the no-FO condition (F1,14 = 5.24, P = .04, partial η2 = 0.27). Terminal stance repeated-measures ANOVA results revealed insert-by-insert condition interactions for the first metatarsophalangeal joint complex (F1,14 = 7.87, P = .01, partial η2 = 0.36). However, additional follow-up analysis did not reveal differences between the no-FO and FO conditions for the balanced traditional orthosis (F1,14 = 4.32, P = .08, partial η2 = 0.38) or full-contact orthosis (F1,14 = 4.10, P = .08, partial η2 = 0.37). Conclusions: Greater rearfoot complex dorsiflexion during midstance associated with FO intervention may represent improved foot kinematics in people with low-mobile foot postures. Furthermore, FO intervention might partially correct dys-functional kinematic patterns associated with low-mobile foot postures.

scholarly journals Comparative three-dimensional kinematics of the hindlimb for high-speed bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion of lizards

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Irschick ◽  
B.C. Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Quadrupedal Locomotion ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Sprinting Speed

Although lizards have been model organisms for testing locomotor performance and in ecomorphological studies, the limb movements of lizards during high-speed locomotion are poorly understood. Thus, we quantified the three-dimensional kinematics of the hindlimb, body and tail for five morphologically distinct species of lizard during steady-speed locomotion near maximum sprinting speed (2–5 m s-1). The kinematics of different species had little multivariate overlap. More than half of the strides of all species had digitigrade foot posture, but the frequency of using digitigrade foot posture varied among species. The combination of digitigrade foot posture and large foot size of the lizards contributed substantially to the high values of hip height. For each species, different suites of kinematic variables distinguished bipedal from quadrupedal strides. Interspecific morphological variation did not correspond globally to variation in kinematics, although lizard species with elongated hindlimbs took longer strides than species with shorter hindlimbs. The Froude numbers and relative stride lengths of all lizards running near maximal speeds were large compared with those reported previously for other vertebrates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sagittal Spine-Pelvis-Lower Limb Alignment in Elderly Women with Pelvic Retroversion while Standing and Walking Using a Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sasaki ◽  
Michio Hongo ◽  
Naohisa Miyakoshi ◽  
Toshiki Matsunaga ◽  
Shin Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Musculoskeletal Model ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Hip Flexion

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>In vivo biomechanical study using a three-dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal model for elderly individuals with or without pelvic retroversion.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To evaluate the effect of pelvic retroversion on the sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, and lower limb in elderly females while standing and walking.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Patients with hip–spine syndrome have concurrent hip-joint and spine diseases. However, the dynamic sagittal alignment between the hip joint and spine has rarely been investigated. We used a 3D musculoskeletal model to evaluate global spinopelvic parameters, including spinal inclination and pelvic tilt (PT).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 32 ambulant females (mean age=78 years) without assistance were enrolled in the study. On the basis of the radiographic measurement for PT, participants were divided into the pelvic retroversion group (R-group; PT≥20°) and the normal group (N-group; PT&lt;20°). A 3D musculoskeletal motion analysis system was used to analyze the calculated value for the alignment of spine, pelvis, and lower limb, including calculated (C)-PT, sagittal vertical axis (C-SVA), pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, T1 pelvic angle (C-TPA), as well as knee and hip flexion angles while standing and walking.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>While standing, C-PT and C-TPA in the R-group were significantly larger than those in the N-group. Hip angle was significantly smaller in the R-group than in the N-group, unlike knee angle, which did not show difference. While walking, C-SVA and C-TPA were significantly increased, whereas C-PT decreased compared with those while standing. The maximum hip-flexion angle was significantly smaller in the R-group than in the N-group. There was a significant correlation between the radiographic and calculated parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The 3D musculoskeletal model was useful in evaluating the sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, and leg. Spinopelvic sagittal alignment showed deterioration while walking. C-PT was significantly decreased while walking in the R-group, indicating possible compensatory mechanisms attempting to increase coverage of the femoral head. The reduction in the hip flexion angle in the R-group was also considered as a compensatory mechanism.</p></sec>

Complexity of postural sway affects affordance perception of reachability in virtual reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2362-2375
Author(s):  
Hannah Masoner ◽  
Alen Hajnal ◽  
Joseph D Clark ◽  
Catherine Dowell ◽  
Tyler Surber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Stimulus Object ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Movement Amplitude

Visual perception of whether an object is within reach while standing in different postures was investigated. Participants viewed a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) environment with a stimulus object (red ball) placed at different egocentric distances. Participants reported whether the object was reachable while in a standard pose as well as in two separate active balance poses (yoga tree pose and toe-to-heel pose). Feedback on accuracy was not provided, and participants were not allowed to attempt to reach. Response time, affordance judgements (reachable and not reachable), and head movements were recorded on each trial. Consistent with recent research on perception of reaching ability, the perceived boundary occurred at approximately 120% of arm length, indicating overestimation of perceived reaching ability. Response times increased with distance, and were shortest for the most difficult pose—the yoga tree pose. Head movement amplitude increased with increases in balance demands. Unexpectedly, the coefficient of variation was comparable in the two active balance poses, and was more extreme in the standard control pose for the shortest and longest distances. More complex descriptors of postural sway (i.e., effort-to-compress) were predictive of perception while in the tree pose and the toe-to-heel pose, as compared with control stance. This demonstrates that standard measures of central tendency are not sufficient for describing multiscale interactions of postural dynamics in functional tasks.

scholarly journals Development of prototype hat patterns for elderly women based on three-dimensional modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungil Jun ◽  
Youngshil Ryoo ◽  
Kuengmi Choi ◽  
Sunmi Park
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Wire Frame ◽  
Scan Data

AbstractPopulation aging is a global phenomenon, and the elderly population has a higher economic capability today than that in the past. Thus, this population is considered to be a growing consumer group that enjoys both consumer and leisure life. In this study, we developed prototype hat patterns for elderly women that can be used for developing close-fitting hats, helmets, masks, and smart headwear. Three-dimensional (3D) head scan data of elderly women were employed herein, and the data were classified into three groups with common head size and head shape. The target group was selected from a high-frequency group among the classified groups, and a standard head form representing the target group was developed using averaging and wire frame generation techniques. Four hat types were considered, design baselines were developed for each type, and prototype patterns were designed for each hat type using a flattening technique. The suitability of the developed prototype hat patterns was subsequently verified. Our results showed that all four prototype patterns had errors less than 5 mm2 (1.40%). The hat patterning method proposed in this study is expected to improve the wearing comfort of high-value-added products designed for the elderly.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biomechanical Factors among Straight, Curve and Knuckle Kicking Motions in Soccer

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Kaoru Kimachi ◽  
Richong Liu ◽  
Masaaki Koido ◽  
Sungchan Hong ◽  
Shuji Shimonagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Biomechanical Factors ◽  
Practice Period

The rotation of a soccer ball is affected by several factors, such as impact point and foot posture, which are generated by joint torque in the lower limb. This study aimed to investigate joint torque in the lower limb that generates foot posture and swing trajectory, and compare three types of kicks before and after a practice period for participants to learn to control the ball rotation. An optical three-dimensional motion capture system was used to record the kicking motion of the participants. The results indicate that the adduction torque of the hip joint at the moment of impact decreased for curve kicks (from 0.56 to 0.25 Nm/kg) and increased for knuckle kicks (from −0.09 to 0.37 Nm/kg). We considered that the curve and knuckle kicks swing towards the inside (because of their positive values in the post experiment) with hip joint adduction before impact to control ball rotation.

scholarly journals Studying Human Behaviour with Virtual Reality: The Unity Experiment Framework

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Brookes ◽  
Matthew Warburton ◽  
Mshari Alghadier ◽  
Mark Mon-Williams ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Interceptive Timing

AbstractVirtual Reality systems offer a powerful tool for human behaviour research. The ability to create three-dimensional visual scenes and measure responses to the visual stimuli enables the behavioural researcher to test hypotheses in a manner and scale that were previously unfeasible. For example, a researcher wanting to understand interceptive timing behaviour might wish to violate Newtonian mechanics, so objects move in novel 3D trajectories. The same researcher may wish to collect such data with hundreds of participants outside the laboratory, and the use of a VR headset makes this a realistic proposition. The difficulty facing the researcher is that sophisticated 3D graphics engines (e.g. Unity) have been created for game designers rather than behavioural scientists. In order to overcome this barrier, we have created a set of tools and programming syntaxes that allow logical encoding of the common experimental features required by the behavioural scientist. The Unity Experiment Framework (UXF) allows the researcher to readily implement several forms of data collection, and provides researchers with the ability to easily modify independent variables. UXF does not offer any stimulus presentation features, so the full power of the Unity game engine can be exploited. We use a case study experiment, measuring postural sway in response to an oscillating virtual room, to show how UXF can replicate and advance upon behavioural research paradigms. We show that UXF can simplify and speed up development of VR experiments created in commercial gaming software and facilitate the efficient acquisition of large quantities of behavioural research data.

scholarly journals Size matters: ontogenetic variation in the three-dimensional kinematics of steady-speed locomotion in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (14) ◽  
pp. 2133-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Irschick ◽  
B.C. Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ontogenetic Variation ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Limb Posture

Although many studies have investigated how locomotor capacities change with size, few studies have examined whether different-sized individuals within a species have similar kinematics during locomotion. We quantified the skeletal limb morphology and the three-dimensional kinematics of the hindlimb of four sizes (4–66 g) of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis moving steadily at both the walk-run transition (50 % duty factor) and at a moderately fast speed of 250 cm s(−)(1). We used analyses of variance to test whether limb movements changed with size and to determine whether size and speed had interactive effects on kinematics. The disproportionately long hindlimbs of smaller lizards partly contributed to their relatively greater (i.e. adjusted by snout-vent length) values of linear kinematic variables. Both relative linear and angular kinematics changed significantly with both size and speed, both of which had widespread interactive effects. By having more extension of the knee and ankle joints, and thus a relatively higher hip height during stance, the slow-speed movements of small lizards displayed some of the characteristics of the fast-speed movements in larger lizards. Further, approximately one-fifth and two-fifths of the strides of the two smallest size classes were digitigrade at the lower and higher speeds, respectively, whereas the two largest size classes always had a plantigrade foot posture. Some of the most striking effects of size on kinematics were most evident at the lower of the two speeds. Unlike interspecific studies, which show that the limbs often become more crouched with decreased size, the more extended limbs of smaller lizards in this study suggest that variation in size alone cannot be the causal reason for differences in limb posture.

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