scholarly journals Dynamics of many particles in the urn model

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5554
Author(s):  
Chen Bo ◽  
Tong Pei-Qing
Keyword(s):  
Urn Model ◽  
Many Particles

Crystal structure-size relationship in ultrafine metallic particles

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Typical Particle ◽  
Many Particles

Ultrafine particles usually have unique physical properties. This study illustrates how the lattice defects and interfacial structures between particles are related to the size of ultrafine crystalline gold particles.Colloidal gold particles were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate at 100°C. In this process, particle size can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reactant. TEM samples are prepared by transferring a small amount of solution onto a thin (5 nm) carbon film which is suspended on a copper grid. In this work, all experiments were performed with Philips 430T at 300 kV.With controlled seeded growth, particles of different sizes are produced, as shown in Figure 1. By a careful examination, it can be resolved that very small particles have lattice defects with complex interfaces. Some typical particle structures include multiple twins, resulting in a five-fold symmetry bicrystals, and highly disordered regions. Many particles are too complex to be described by simple models.

An Urn Model and the Prediction of Order Statistics

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Kenneth Kaminsky ◽  
Eugene Luks ◽  
Paul Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Order Statistics ◽  
Urn Model

An Urn Model for the Multi-Sample Capture/Recapture Sequential Tagging Process.

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Leite ◽  
Carlos A. De Braganca Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Urn Model ◽  
Capture Recapture

Larval Feeding: Mechanisms, Rates, and Performance in Nature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bioenergetics Models ◽  
Many Particles

Larvae of many marine invertebrates must capture and ingest particulate food in order to develop to metamorphosis. These larvae use only a few physical processes to capture particles, but implement these processes using diverse morphologies and behaviors. Detailed understanding of larval feeding mechanism permits investigators to make predictions about feeding performance, including the size spectrum of particles larvae can capture and the rates at which they can capture them. In nature, larvae are immersed in complex mixtures of edible particles of varying size, density, flavor, and nutritional quality, as well as many particles that are too large to ingest. Concentrations of all of these components vary on fine temporal and spatial scales. Mechanistic models linking larval feeding mechanism to performance can be combined with data on food availability in nature and integrated into broader bioenergetics models to yield increased understanding of the biology of larvae in complex natural habitats.

scholarly journals Random additions in urns of integers

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-346
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Simper
Keyword(s):  
Finite Group ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Urn Model ◽  
Infinite Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Finite Group ◽  
Proof Of Convergence

AbstractConsider an urn containing balls labeled with integer values. Define a discrete-time random process by drawing two balls, one at a time and with replacement, and noting the labels. Add a new ball labeled with the sum of the two drawn labels. This model was introduced by Siegmund and Yakir (2005) Ann. Prob.33, 2036 for labels taking values in a finite group, in which case the distribution defined by the urn converges to the uniform distribution on the group. For the urn of integers, the main result of this paper is an exponential limit law. The mean of the exponential is a random variable with distribution depending on the starting configuration. This is a novel urn model which combines multi-drawing and an infinite type of balls. The proof of convergence uses the contraction method for recursive distributional equations.

scholarly journals Zipf’s, Heaps’ and Taylor’s Laws are Determined by the Expansion into the Adjacent Possible

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Tria ◽  
Vittorio Loreto ◽  
Vito Servedio
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Dirichlet Processes ◽  
Urn Model ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Pólya’S Urn ◽  
Innovation Rate ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Simple Modeling

Zipf’s, Heaps’ and Taylor’s laws are ubiquitous in many different systems where innovation processes are at play. Together, they represent a compelling set of stylized facts regarding the overall statistics, the innovation rate and the scaling of fluctuations for systems as diverse as written texts and cities, ecological systems and stock markets. Many modeling schemes have been proposed in literature to explain those laws, but only recently a modeling framework has been introduced that accounts for the emergence of those laws without deducing the emergence of one of the laws from the others or without ad hoc assumptions. This modeling framework is based on the concept of adjacent possible space and its key feature of being dynamically restructured while its boundaries get explored, i.e., conditional to the occurrence of novel events. Here, we illustrate this approach and show how this simple modeling framework, instantiated through a modified Pólya’s urn model, is able to reproduce Zipf’s, Heaps’ and Taylor’s laws within a unique self-consistent scheme. In addition, the same modeling scheme embraces other less common evolutionary laws (Hoppe’s model and Dirichlet processes) as particular cases.

scholarly journals Analytic study of the three-urn model for separation of sand

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shim ◽  
B. Y. Park ◽  
J. D. Noh ◽  
Hoyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Study ◽  
Urn Model

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OF LIPID-DEPLETED MITOCHONDRIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Fleischer ◽  
Becca Fleischer ◽  
Walther Stoeckenius
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Unit Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Membrane Particles ◽  
Succinate Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Many Particles

The fine structure of mitochondria and submitochondrial vesicles depleted of their lipid by extraction with aqueous acetone was studied. Thin sections of mitochondrial membranes depleted of more than 95% of their lipid retained the unit membrane structure. Densitometer tracings of the electron micrographs showed that the unit membrane of extracted mitochondria was, on the average, wider than that of unextracted controls and showed a greater variation in width. The outer membrane was lost in mitochondria from which 80–95% of the lipids was extracted. Inner membrane particles were present on submitochondrial vesicles depleted of up to 85% of their lipids. However, when more than 95% of the lipid was removed, few, if any, particles remained attached to the membranes but many particles were found unattached in the background. When lipid was restored to lipid-deficient preparations, the mitochondrial membranes were found to be devoid of inner membrane particles but were fully active with respect to succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity.

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