Does School Participatory Budgeting Increase Students’ Political Efficacy? Bandura’s ‘Sources’, Civic Pedagogy, and Education for Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Norman P. Gibbs ◽  
Tara Bartlett ◽  
Daniel Schugurensky
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
The World ◽  
Education For Democracy ◽  
The Impact

Does school participatory budgeting (SPB) increase students’ political efficacy? SPB, which is implemented in thousands of schools around the world, is a democratic process of deliberation and decision-making in which students determine how to spend a portion of the school’s budget. We examined the impact of SPB on political efficacy in one middle school in Arizona. Our participants’ (n = 28) responses on survey items designed to measure self-perceived growth in political efficacy indicated a large effect (Cohen’s d = 1.46), suggesting that SPB is an effective approach to civic pedagogy, with promising prospects for developing students’ political efficacy.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

Optimal Economic Speed and the Impact on Marine GHG Emissions – Saving Money and the World at the Same Time

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. St. Amand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Speed Optimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Technical Input ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to provide shipping companies a straightforward tool for assessing the attractiveness of implementing a speed optimization program for their vessels. The curves and analyses provided are not meant to be absolutely accurate but rather to provide a “reasonable” level of accuracy for identifying the potential impact on profitability of a speed optimization program. The author has endeavored to highlight areas where additional technical input or accuracy improvement is appropriate for final decision-making and implementation.

Deliberative Democracy in Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 828-841
Author(s):  
Thamy Pogrebinschi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Participatory Budget

Latin America is a recurring reference among scholars of deliberative democracy, mostly due to the participatory budgeting, which was created in Brazil, and quickly spread around the world. The participatory budgeting was deemed successful due to its positive social and political outcomes, but also because it has shown that deliberation can be an inclusive and effective means of democratic decision-making. Yet, the participatory budget is one among hundreds of deliberative practices evolved in Latin America. While a large volume of research has focused on factors leading to participatory budgeting’s success, few have asked what are the contextual and institutional factors that explain why such inclusive and effective deliberative practice was born and bred in Latin America. This chapter tackles this question, and answers it by casting light on a variety of deliberative practices that compose Latin America’s vast experimentation with democracy.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to: A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galápagos

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Arturo Izurieta ◽  
Byron Delgado ◽  
Nicolas Moity ◽  
Monica Calvopiña ◽  
Iván Cedeño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced.

scholarly journals Environmental Awareness and Adoption Intention of Electric Cars in Young Adult

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwanjira Ponsree ◽  
Nathatenee Gebsombut ◽  
Vorrapol Paiyasen ◽  
Tanat Archariyapibal ◽  
Sedthawut Srichiangwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adoption Intention

The world is being heavily polluted, which is contributing to many natural disasters. Attempts are being made to come up with innovations that lessen the impact of pollution. Electric cars are one such innovation. Here we investigate the awareness of and decision making about buying electric vehicles among 204 young adults. We propose that consumer decisions related to several factors, which include global warming, air pollution, electric cars, travel and socialization, green self-identity of young adults, and intentions on the use of electric cars. This research was able to show that independent variables can affect consumer awareness and decision making towards the purchase or adoption of electric cars.

Does Participatory Budgeting Alter Public Spending? Evidence From New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1382-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad Calabrese ◽  
Dan Williams ◽  
Anubhav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Allocation Decision ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budgeting Process

Participatory budgeting is described as a direct-democracy approach to resource allocation decision making. Theories assume it changes how public resources are spent by moving decisions from elected officials to citizens. The literature does not consider how earmarking—in which legislators direct parts of public budgets directly—might affect the impact of such policy devices. New York City’s participatory budgeting process which uses earmarks is analyzed to determine spending changes. Officials involved fund more projects at lower average amounts than those not involved but do not change the areas of funding, all of which is expected in systems of budgetary earmarks controlled by legislators.

Painting too “Rosie” a picture: The impact of external threat on women’s economic welfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Tir ◽  
Maureen Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
The World ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Women's Welfare ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Status Of Women

Why is the economic status of women better in one country than another? We maintain that the answer lies in part in the extent of external threat to the homeland territory a country faces. To respond to the threat, states centralize their decision-making, invest more in the military and decrease citizens’ liberties. Associated restrictions and emphases on more “masculine” values create an environment where women’s welfare takes a back seat to the ostensible priority of defending the homeland. Utilizing measures of women’s unemployment from across the world, 1981–2001, we demonstrate that higher levels of territorial threat decrease women’s economic welfare.

scholarly journals The Impact of Image on Translation Decision-Making in Dubbing into Arabic – Premeditated Manipulation par Excellence: The Exodus Song as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Rashid Yahiaoui ◽  
Marwa J. Aldous ◽  
Ashraf Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
Negotiation Of Meaning ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Visual Sign

Abstract The emblematic connotations and ideological values of images affect the way iconographic and visual codes are interpreted in dubbing. Religion, culture, and politics are all primary variables that communicate evaluative views of the world, but also impose pressure on the translator when they stand in conflict with his or her attitudinal positioning and ethical judgement. Thus, this article aims to examine how the interplay between iconographic and linguistic codes of the visual sign in the musical animation This Land is Mine impacts translational decision-making in dubbing into Arabic. Simultaneously, the aim of this article is to evaluate how religious, cultural, and ideological dissonances between source text and target audience result in acts of manipulation and negotiation of meaning in the target text that explicitly channels the voice of the translator. We employ a dual theoretical approach combining narrative theory and appraisal theory in order to evaluate patterns of manipulation within a scaled system to provide graded analysis that exposes the ideological stance and bias of the source text’s producer/animator in representing reality via visual narrative.

scholarly journals The contribution of participatory budgeting to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals: lessons for policy in Commonwealth countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Cabannes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

After briefly defining participatory budgeting and reviewing its evolution worldwide and Commonwealth expansion over the last three decades, this paper explores the potential it holds for contributing to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Its looks especially at how participatory budgeting is contributing to the achievement of SDG 16 and provides some specific recommendations for action, based on innovative practice examples from around the world, highlighting how practice across diverse local authorities could be used to monitor target 16.7 ‘to ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels.’

scholarly journals Impact of Social and Religious Beliefs on SMEs Intention towards Adoption of Formal Finance: A Proposed Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Rasheed ◽  
Maria Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Formal Finance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: SMEs play an important role towards economic growth by generating employment and alleviating poverty, thus, SMEs importance is more evident in developing countries. Despite major contribution ineconomic development, SMEs around the world are facing several challenges including use of formal finance. This study seeks to investigate the impact of both social and religious beliefs of SMEs owner-managersattitude and their intention towards taking formal finance. Methods: Qualitative inductive methodology has been applied using literature review.Results: This study proposed a conceptual framework to elaborate sociocultural factors of owner mangers influencing SMEs' decision making with application of Theory of Reasoned Action.Implications: Findings of the study will be helpful for the financial institutions to better understand the financial behavior of SMEs owner managers in Pakistan.

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