scholarly journals Sociopolitical values, attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese economics students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Graça ◽  
Jorge Caiado ◽  
Rita Gomes Correia
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Economics Students ◽  
Sociopolitical Values

Previous research on the Portuguese case confirmed free-riding, free-marketer and right-wing political inclinations among economics students. Further scrutiny was endeavored here, perceiving also a considerably increased interest for politics, notwithstanding the lack of concern for public problems. Various aspects of free-riding proclivity were distinguished and discussed, relating them with youngsters’ risk-loving and sensation-seeking tendencies, but also with a number of other facets specific to economics students, including: prevalence of achievement values, contextual influences on morals, peer pressure, perceived group status and social expectations regarding the economic profession.

scholarly journals Identifying At-Risk Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Femke Geusens ◽  
Cabral A. Bigman-Galimore ◽  
Kathleen Beullens
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background & purpose. Research indicates a positive relationship between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking behavior. The current study extends that line of research by assessing the interaction of risk-related personality traits with alcohol-related social media use, to examine if social media can be used to identify individuals at risk for heavy drinking behavior. Methods & results. The results of a cross-sectional survey among a sample of 638 emerging adults (age 18-25) find that the positive association between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking intention was strongest for individuals with low levels of sensation seeking and sensitivity to peer pressure, and high levels of self-control, and non-significant for those on the other end of these personality traits. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the relationship between sharing alcohol references and drinking intentions is not uniform for all individuals, and that risk-related individual differences should be considered in future research and interventions.

Facebook LGBTQ Pictivism: The Effects of Women’s Rainbow Profile Filters on Sexual Prejudice and Online Belonging

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-361
Author(s):  
Jes L. Matsick ◽  
Lizbeth M. Kim ◽  
Mary Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Queer Women ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Marginalized Groups

Facebook’s rainbow profile filter represents a popular display of activism (“pictivism”) commonly used by women, yet little is known of pictivism’s potential for creating social change. We tested whether women’s group status (belonging to a dominant vs. marginalized group) and filter use influenced viewers’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. We conducted a series of 2 (target sexual orientation: queer or heterosexual) × 2 (filter use: filter or no filter) experiments with heterosexual ( N 1 = 198, N 2 = 186) and LGBTQ ( N 3 = 290) participants. Participants rated women who used rainbow filters as more activist than women who did not engage in pictivism. Although neither target sexual orientation nor filter use influenced participants’ ally behavior (donations), heterosexual people who viewed a woman using a filter reported greater closeness to LGBTQ people and greater intentions of supporting LGBTQ people when the woman was queer than heterosexual. Exposure to rainbow filters caused LGBTQ participants to express greater online and societal belonging than when filters were absent. Taken together, women’s pictivism and the online visibility of queer women yielded some psychological benefits for heterosexual and LGBTQ viewers. If the goal of pictivism is to enhance marginalized groups’ feelings of support, it works as intended. We thus recommend that both heterosexual and LGBTQ people who care about LGBTQ rights and seek to affirm LGBTQ individuals’ sense of belonging embrace opportunities on social media, specifically through profile picture filters, to communicate their support. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684320930566

Alcohol and Risky Behaviors

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Corte ◽  
Marilyn S. Sommers
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Risky Sex ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

The purpose of this chapter is to review and critique the literature on risky drinking, driving, and sexual behaviors. To complete this review, electronic searches using databases from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, and psychology were used with keywords alcohol and risky behavior, risky drinking, risky driving, risky sex, and sexual aggression, as well as other relevant terms.The basic tenets of contemporary theoretical models of risky behaviors are used as a framework for reviewing the literature. Most relevant to the discussion are the relationships among the behaviors, risk and protective factors, and major unresolved theoretical and methodological issues. In the literature, sensation seeking was differentially associated with risky drinking, driving, and sex, but causal assertions are premature.Important conceptual and physiological issues are clarified. First, unconventionality contributes to risky drinking, risky driving, and, among adolescents, risky sex. Second, the pharmacologic effects of alcohol on cognitive processing contribute to risky sex, but only among persons who feel conflicted about risky sex (e.g., condom use). This perception may be particularly true for men who have a belief that alcohol will enhance sex. Third, sexual aggression appears to stem from a variety of factors, including the pharmacologic effects of alcohol on aggression and stereotypes about drinking women.Exploration of risk and protective factors adds breadth and depth to the discussion of risk taking. Risk factors include (1) high tolerance for deviance, (2) unconventional attitudes and behaviors such as early alcohol use and precocious sex, (3) peer norms for deviance, (4) high sensation seeking, and, to a lesser extent, (5) disturbed risk perception and positive beliefs about alcohol. Protective factors appear to mitigate risk and include (1) conventional attitudes and behaviors and (2) having peers that model conventional attitudes and behaviors. Although empirical evidence suggests that risky behaviors tend to covary, most intervention trials to date have focused on single behaviors, and often are based on clinical information rather than existing theoretical and empirical knowledge.

“My In-group is Superior!”: Susceptibility for Radical Right-wing Attitudes and Behaviors in Dutch Youth

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertjan Doosje ◽  
Kees van den Bos ◽  
Annemarie Loseman ◽  
Allard R. Feddes ◽  
Liesbeth Mann
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

scholarly journals Effort provision in entrepreneurial teams: effects of team size, free-riding and peer pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uschi Backes-Gellner ◽  
Arndt Werner ◽  
Alwine Mohnen
Keyword(s):  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Team Size ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Effort Provision

scholarly journals Are Economists Different, and If So, Why?

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Carter ◽  
Michael D Irons
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Public Economics ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Behavioral Difference ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Economics Students ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Interest Model ◽  
Over Time

Do economists behave differently from noneconomists? Some evidence suggests they do. In a well-known 1981 study in the Journal of Public Economics, Gerald Marwell and Ruth E. Ames found that free riding was significantly greater among a group of economics graduate students than among other student groups in their experiments. Marwell and Ames offered two conjectures for why economics students might in fact behave differently. First, students who are particularly concerned with economic incentives might self-select into economics. In addition, or alternatively, economics students might adapt their behavior over time to the basic axioms of the theories they study. These conjectures may be called respectively the selection and learning hypotheses. In this paper we explore whether Marwell and Ames' result is robust—whether economists are indeed different. In particular, we use a simple ultimatum bargaining experiment to test whether economics students behave more in accordance with predictions of the rational/self-interest model of economics. Finding that a behavioral difference does exist, we then conduct tests to discriminate between the selection and learning hypotheses.

Does peer pressure and sensation seeking differentially influence substance use for male versus female trauma-exposed youth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-544
Author(s):  
John E. Eze ◽  
JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji ◽  
Sunday Idoko ◽  
Chuka Mike Ifeagwazi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Peer Pressure
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