CHINA-EU FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS AND THEIR PERSPECTIVES ON THE BASIS OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Družbacká
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals Central Asia as an area of China’s and Russia’s interests

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742
Author(s):  
Elena A. Egorycheva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Belt And Road

Over the past decades, Russia and China have been steadily deepening their cooperation. It is seen in many fields: mutual trade agreements, investment and scientific cooperation, ecological and environment solutions to global issues. Russia is actively engaged in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan are engaged in it as well. Some of them are also members of the Eurasian Economic Union. The paper aimed to identify China’s and Russia’s current interests in these countries, as Central Asia (CA) is the area where Russia’s and China’s interests coincide. Trade relations between the analyzed countries are considered in it. The paper also addresses investment projects under Belt and Road Initiative, which China has been financing in CA countries.

scholarly journals The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative from the Polish Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Choroś‑Mrozowska
Keyword(s):  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Belt And Road

China announced its initiative of the so‑called New Silk Road project for the first time in 2013. Although its extent, concept or even its current name (The Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) have changed on a number of occasions since then, it cannot be denied that this is one of the most important challenges currently being undertaken in the world. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe, of which Poland is a part, may have a significant meaning in this concept due to their strategic location. The countries of this region began their co‑operation with China under the so‑called “16 +1” format, and this took place prior to the announcement of the BRI. This opens up new perspectives for Polish‑Chinese trade relations in respect of the BRI initiative and the “16 + 1” platform. The aim of this study is therefore to present the most important effects of the conducted research, the assumption of which was the comprehensive identification of the Chinese BRI initiative and the consequences of its implementation for Polish‑Chinese trade relations. The presented analysis assumes that BRI will have a significant impact on Polish‑Chinese trade patterns. This is particularly important in the context of the huge trade deficit that Poland has been recording for years in its trade with China as well as the deepening asymmetry, which has been characteristic of the exchange.

Estimating the Possible Effect of Belt and Road Initiative on Brazilian Economic Growth

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Romanello
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Practical Reality ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Belt And Road

Brazil's future participation in the Belt and Road Initiative will promote economic growth, increase the importance of the initiative on the international scene and contribute to the promotion of bilateral economic and trade relations between China and Latin America countries.This paper analyses the alleged effect of BRI on Brazilian economy if the country would have chosen to join the program in the past years (2013-2019) as other countries in the world did. The alleged effect is calculated using the methodology of synthetic control: a statistical method used to evaluate the effect of an intervention/programme in comparative case studies.The results show that Brazil could benefit from joining the Belt and Road Initiative: the GDP per capita rate would be 4.73% higher each year, on average.However, to Brazil joins the BRI, it will be necessary for China and Brazil to know how to maintain a frequent and structured dialogue that projects confidence, opens paths and does not leave governmental dialogue behind what is happening in practical reality. Moreover, more academic research about the initiative and a greater dissemination of its benefits by the media will be needed to raise awareness among the public and politicians about a probable BRI agreement by Brazil.

Forgotten effects in trade relations: a view from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Rojas-Mora ◽  
Felipe Chávez-Bustamante ◽  
Cristian Mondaca-Marino
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate Chinese indirect trade relations in the global trade network to observe if the objectives identified by Cai (2017) in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are being fulfilled, especially with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the UNCTAD (2016) for the period 2011–2015, a normalized exports network is built. It is analyzed with the Forgotten Effects Theory and the PageRank algorithm. A Monte Carlo experiment with 10,000 replicates is performed to account for its volatility.FindingsThe paper identifies one instance in which China's peripheral countries are importing raw materials and commodities -–oil products – to produce low technological value-added products, which, in turn, are exported to China. LAC countries do not have significant indirect trade relations with China when the former is the origin country, while the latter is the destination in a trade relationship. The trade network has a clear core-periphery structure, with China belonging to its core, although being only the fourth most central node in the network.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with both a new methodology for the analysis of indirect trade relations and the results found for China under the BRI and its trade relationship with LAC economies.

Geopolitics of Chabahar Port for Iran, India and Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 026272802110559
Author(s):  
Ali Omidi ◽  
Gauri Noolkar-Oak
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Water Port ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

In January 2016, Iran, India and Afghanistan signed a trilateral economic agreement on developing the Chabahar Port in south-eastern Iran. This project holds immense economic and geopolitical value for both Iran and India. Chabahar, as Iran’s first deep water port, connects it to oceanic trade routes. This helps Iran to mitigate US sanctions and sustain trade relations with neighbours and independent states such as India. For India, Chabahar is the key point of the ‘International North–South Transport Corridor’, an ambitious project connecting India to Central Asia and Europe. The article analyses the geostrategic, economic and trade-related importance of Chabahar port from both Iranian and Indian perspectives. This Iranian–Indian trade co-operation is considered a strategic alternative, if not a rival, to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), whose key point is the Gwadar port in Pakistan, next door to Chabahar.

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