scholarly journals Time-dependent methods to evaluate the effects of urban sprawl on groundwater quality: a synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Stevenazzi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lombardy Region

Freshwater resources are threatened worldwide with unknown and unpredictable fate, due to non-stationarity and change of water cycle dynamics, and increasing demand resulting from population growth and economic expansion. Thus, practical actions, strategies and solutions are necessary to ensure the short-term and long-term provision of adequate, affordable, accessible and safe freshwater supply to meet the needs of the growing human population and ecosystems. Since the mid-1950s, Europe is experiencing the phenomenon of urban sprawl, characterized by an unplanned incremental urban development, no more tied with population growth (EEA 2006). Impacts of urban sprawl threaten both the natural and rural environments and the quality of life for people living in cities, with worsening of air quality, and surface- and groundwater quality and quantity. For the protection of groundwater, the European Union issued a series of Directives (Water Framework Directive, 2000/60/EC; Groundwater Directive, 2006/118/EC) that require member states to achieve a good chemical status of their groundwater bodies and the identification of areas where groundwater suffers increasing trends in contaminant concentrations. In order to cope with EU Directives, a time-dependent approach for groundwater vulnerability assessment is developed to account for both the recent status of groundwater contamination and its evolution in the Po Plain area of Lombardy Region (northern Italy). Such approach takes the advantages of a Bayesian spatial statistical method to assess groundwater vulnerability and satellite scatterometer data to delineate urban areas and monitor their evolution. The proposed approach can determine potential impacts of contamination events on groundwater quality, if policies are maintained at the status quo or if new measures are implemented for safeguarding groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Urbanisation effects on groundwater chemical quality: findings focusing on the nitrate problem from 2 African cities reliant on on-site sanitation

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan A. Cronin ◽  
Alfred W. Hoadley ◽  
James Gibson ◽  
Ned Breslin ◽  
Fatoumata Kouonto Komou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
The Impact

By 2010 Africa's urban population will have grown to over 420 million with on-site sanitation the predominant excreta disposal option. The use of on-site sanitation has important public health benefits but can result in large faecally derived loadings of nitrogen and chloride to groundwater resources. Nitrate is of particular concern, with elevated concentrations linked to potentially serious health problems. N and Cl can derive from natural sources so it is important to quantify the additional impact of human activities. Several authors have used empirical relationships between nitrate and chloride concentrations to assess the extent to which excreta influences groundwater quality. However, these relationships have assumed fixed loadings from excreta. Relationships between N and Cl have been extended here by adding country-specific estimates of average annual per capita nitrogen and chloride content of, and loading from, excreta. The results are compared with groundwater monitoring results from two very different mid-sized African cities (Timbuktu, Mali and Lichinga, Mozambique) where the vast majority of residents use on-site sanitation and are dependent on the subsurface water for drinking purposes. The results illustrate the impact of urbanisation on groundwater quality. They are compared with data from other African cities to allow the calculation of a general nitrate and chloride relationship for unsewered African urban areas. Potential interventions to help arrest rising nitrate levels and so provide a public health benefit are also examined.

scholarly journals The groundwater quality of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao: a hydrogeochemical study

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H.G. van Sambeek ◽  
H.G.M. Eggenkamp ◽  
M.J.M. Vissers
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Groundwater Samples

AbstractThe Groundwater resources on the Caribbean Islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao are limited and of poor quality. The groundwater of the islands is brackish, due to both seawater mixing and the semi-arid climate of the islands. Two hundred and thirty water samples were collected to relate chemical variations in the groundwater of the three islands to the underlying differences in geology, and to define the natural versus anthropogenic influences. Both the chemical and isotopic (δ180, δD, and δ37Cl) compositions of samples were determined.Several geochemical processes are recognised in the chemistry of the groundwater samples. The most important processes are calcite dissolution, cation exchange, silicate weathering and potassium fixation. In (sub)urban areas anthropogenic influences affect the groundwater quality: high nitrate concentrations were measured. Infiltrating domestic and agricultural (waste)water replenishes the aquifer, and has a desalinization effect on the groundwater quality. This phenomenon is primarily seen on Curaçao, the most populated island.Oxygen and hydrogen isotopie compositions of groundwaters from Curaçao and Bonaire show that the samples are either meteoric water, or are affected by evaporation or seawater mixing. No distinction could be made between the last two processes. Only a few samples were measured for the Cl-isotope composition; all showed that no physical processes have taken place.

scholarly journals Dynamics and forecasting of population growth and urban expansion in Srinagar City – A Geospatial Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farooq ◽  
M. Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Srinagar City

The urban areas of developing countries are densely populated and need the use of sophisticated monitoring systems, such as remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). The urban sprawl of a city is best understood by studying the dynamics of LULC change which can be easily generated by using sequential satellite images, required for the prediction of urban growth. Multivariate statistical techniques and regression models have been used to establish the relationship between the urban growth and its causative factors and for forecast of the population growth and urban expansion. In Srinagar city, one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities situated in Jammu and Kashmir State of India, sprawl is taking its toll on the natural resources at an alarming pace. The present study was carried over a period of 40 years (1971–2011), to understand the dynamics of spatial and temporal variability of urban sprawl. The results reveal that built-up area has increased by 585.08 % while as the population has increased by 214.75 %. The forecast showed an increase of 246.84 km<sup>2</sup> in built-up area which exceeds the overall carrying capacity of the city. The most common conversions were also evaluated.

Vulnerability Assessment of Shallow Aquifers in Abuja using GIS and Hydrogeological Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Etuk ◽  
Igwe Ogbonnaya ◽  
Stefano Viaroli ◽  
Riccardo Petrini ◽  
Viviana Re
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Vulnerable Zones

&lt;p&gt;One of the major challenges for the sustainable development of the federal capital territory of Abuja (Nigeria) is related to the access to safe fresh water resources. This area lies within the drought prone parts of the Sahel region. As in many regions of the world there has been growing competing demands for fresh water as a result of population growth and groundwater quality degradation. In this context, the paucity of data and in depth knowledge of aquifer features and groundwater flow makes groundwater management even more complex, with a severe impact on access to safe water resources for the local populations. To address this challenge, the purpose of the presented research is to generate information on aquifer settings and its vulnerability and on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the available groundwater resources. Remote sensing and GIS were applied to improve the available information on groundwater resources of Abuja. Fundamental information such as recharge rate, availability and vulnerability of groundwater to pollution was determined. Aquifer vulnerability zones were delineated using the DRASTIC model by integrating layers of depth to groundwater, aquifer recharge, aquifer media, soil type, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity.&amp;#160; The study area covers about 8000km&amp;#178;. The elevation ranges from 62 to 843m a.s.l. with the highest elevations at the North Eastern parts and the lowest elevations at the South Western parts of the study area. There are three soil types in the area, the silty clay, silt loam and clay with clay being the predominant soil type. The five major rock types in the area include migmatite gneiss, schist and metasediment, sandstone and river alluvium, granite and quartzite. The aquifer type is phreatic and the depth to groundwater ranges from 2.8 to 21.9 m. The high recharge areas occurred mostly in highly fractured areas covered with metasedimentary rocks, migmatite gneiss and sandstones. The groundwater vulnerability zones in the study area were grouped into four classes: High, moderate, low and very low. The highly vulnerable zones are the North Eastern parts of the study area covering most parts of Bwari and parts of the municipal council areas and also the Southern parts of the study area covering parts of Kuje and Abaji. They constitute the highly fractured areas covered with silt loam soil type. The very low vulnerable zones are the North Western and Central parts covering mostly Gwgwalada and Kwali areas.&amp;#160; This study demonstrates that GIS and remote sensing techniques are efficient and cost effective tool for delineation of groundwater vulnerability zones. The information obtained will be used as a basis for a geochemical characterization of groundwater quality in the region with the overall goal of supporting new groundwater management plans in the region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Wildfire Effects on Groundwater Quality from Springs Connected to Small Public Supply Systems in a Peri-Urban Forest Area (Braga Region, NW Portugal)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Catarina Mansilha ◽  
Armindo Melo ◽  
Zita E. Martins ◽  
Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira ◽  
Ana Maria Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Supply Systems

Peri-urban areas are territories that combine urban and rural features, being particularly vulnerable to wildfire due to the contact between human infrastructures and dense vegetation. Wildfires may cause considerable direct and indirect effects on the local water cycle, but the influence on groundwater quality is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemistry of several springs connected to small public supply systems in a peri-urban area, following a large wildfire that took place in October 2017. Groundwater samples were collected in four springs that emerged within burned forests, while control samples were from one spring located in an unburned area. Sampling took place from October 2017 until September 2018, starting 15 days after the wildfire occurrence, to evaluate the influence of the time after fire and the effect of precipitation events on groundwater composition. Groundwater samples collected in burned areas presented increased content of sulfate, fluoride and nitrogen and variability in pH values. Iron, manganese and chromium contents also increased during the sampling period. Post-fire concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mainly the carcinogenic ones, increased especially after intense winter and spring rain events, but the levels did not exceed the guideline values for drinking water.

scholarly journals Aquifer Vulnerability: Its Protection and Management—A Case Study in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gumilar Utamas Nugraha ◽  
Karit Lumban Gaol ◽  
Priyo Hartanto ◽  
Hendra Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
High Level

Increased anthropogenic activity in urban areas has exacerbated the vulnerability of groundwater resources. The AVI, GOD, SINTACS, and DRASTIC methods were used to analyze groundwater vulnerability in Pangkalpinang City. Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding was used to determine the lithology and aquifer configuration in the study area. There are three vulnerability index areas in the city of Pangkalpinang. Low levels of aquifer vulnerability were generally found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the study area, whereas high levels of aquifer vulnerability were discovered in the northern and southern parts of the study area. Areas with low aquifer vulnerability levels generally have low hydraulic conductivity values on the protective layer. In these areas, groundwater extraction is possible with a reasonable extraction pattern. Industrial areas can also be built by considering environmental aspects. In an area with high-level aquifer vulnerability, groundwater pollution must be considerably managed. The areas should not be designated for industrial areas and excess groundwater extraction.

scholarly journals ACQUE SOTTERRANEE: RISORSA IDRICA STRATEGICA NELLA PIANURA LOMBARDA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Cavallin ◽  
Tullia Bonomi ◽  
Letizia Fumagalli ◽  
Marco Rotiroti
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Critical Situations

A proper understanding of the water cycle, and in particular of the distribution and availability of groundwater will enable to evaluate their sustainability and manage them especially in critical situations which in the future will be related to climatic change with high temperature conditions, in which more consumable water is needed. Water use in Lombardy region is an economic opportunity and related consumption are described. To satisfy water uses it is necessary to develop an integrated system for a rational management in which groundwater have an important role. In DISAT researches to evaluate groundwater resources are developed by long time. Mathematical models applied to hydrogeology are used to verify and simulate real systems and to predict future scenarios. The methodology use an integrate system from a database of wells to software which permit to reconstruct the 3D geometry of subsoil and parameterize it according to the texture distribution of the subsoil to evaluate the water storage and its availability. According to these application and coupling models it will be possible, in the future, simulate the effects of critical situations related to groundwater and to identify the best solutions.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAPPING USING A MODIFIED-DRASTIC MODEL IN AJABSHIR PLAIN, SOUTHEAST COAST OF URMIA LAKE, IRAN

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 789-792
Author(s):  
M. Nakhostinrouhi ◽  
M. H. Rezaei Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Urmia Lake ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Modified Drastic ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Abstract. Groundwater resources play an important role not only in providing drinking water but also in irrigation, industry and power generation. In general, groundwater is a part of the water cycle in nature that can be collected by wells, qanats, drains, or natural springs. In this research, the potential of groundwater vulnerability in Ajabshir plain, located in the Southwest of East Azerbaijan Province and Southeast of the Urmia Lake, Iran, is investigated using 7 hydrogeological parameters as well as land-use criterion. Depth to water map is provided using 26 boreholes. Twenty-seven drilling points are also used in generating aquifer media and impact of vadose zone maps. After providing and ranking all layers, they are multiplied by appropriate weights and overlaid to produce vulnerability map. Modified-DRASTIC model is applied to achieve the aim. According to the results, an approximately large part of the aquifer (29 percent), mostly located in the west of the plain, is covered with moderate vulnerability class. Spearman correlation coefficient is calculated 0.63 between the vulnerability and land use maps.

Urban Sprawl and Land Cover in Post-apartheid Johannesburg and the Gauteng City-Region, 1990–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 097542532199797
Author(s):  
Samy Katumba ◽  
David Everatt
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
City Region ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Urban Edge ◽  
History Of

Johannesburg and the broader Gauteng City-Region in which it is located are considered to be the economic powerhouse of South Africa. This has led to massive population growth in the region, as well as severe inequality. Given South Africa’s history of racially excluding black South Africans from urban areas, ongoing research in this area has to analyse land cover and define ‘sprawl’ in a context where the technical language has politically loaded overtones. This article tries to understand the scale of informality within a broader examination of urbanization and sprawl. It concludes that in the absence of a formally adopted urban edge and under massive pressure from population growth (natural and via migration), formal dwellings (residential and economic) have grown unchecked, and informality is now growing at high speed and also largely without regulation or control. With no apparent political will to stop urban sprawl, both informal and formal covers are steadily pushing towards provincial borders, while densifying in Johannesburg in particular.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document