scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Classification Accuracy and Average Length of a Variable-Length Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Huebner ◽  
Matthew Finkelman ◽  
Alexander Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Sokerijuurikkaan harvennustyön tutkimusmenetelmästä

1955 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Martti Sipilä
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Preliminary Study

In carrying out a time study in the field of agricultural work it is very rarely that situations occur in which the outward conditions which affect the work could be regarded as completely invariable and in which the time spent on the work would be the only varying factor to be recorded. On the contrary, most often quite a number of different factors have an effect on the carrying out of the work, so many factors, indeed, that only the most important of them can be taken into account when carrying out time study. Almost without exception, therefore, a preliminary study must be made first, its aim being to clear up the most important of the factors affecting the work and to determine which of them should be taken into account in the final study. Furthermore, the preliminary study determins the measurement of the affecting factors either with objective measuring methods or by creating a classification, based on a subjective estimate made by a time study engineer, which can be considered sufficiently clear and practicable. In the study now in hand the thinning of sugar-beet with a shortshafted hoe, using the pull push method a preliminary study has been made of the work performed by several men on one day. On the basis of the preliminary study the following factors affecting the work were finally chosen to be included: the average length of the seedlings, the quality of the surface of the soil, abundance of weeds in the soil, and the number of the seedlings left at the thinning. As the unit used in the study the work done on 10 linear metres was chosen, and the determination of the different factors was correspondingly fixed. For the estimation of the abundance of weeds in the soil the following classification was made: I Class no weeds II » weeds in places III » some weeds IV » a moderate number of weeds V » weeds in abundance The quality of the surface of the soil was divided into three classes: I Class loose II » clods, somewhat encrusted III » clods, very encrusted, the soil hard. Furthermore, special instructions were given in regard to both of the aforementioned classifications, and their application was made uniform by the group training of the persons collecting the material. The length of the seedlings was measured by taking samples from three points on the unit under observation, and the mean average was computed. The number of the seedlings left at the thinning was taken from each research unit as the sum total. For the mathematical treatment of the material, the different factors were given symbols as follows: x1 = time spent on work/10 linear metres x2 = average length of seedlings/10 linear metres x3 = quality of surface of soil/10 linear metres x4 = abundance of weeds in soil/10 linear metres x5 = number of seedlings left at thinning/10 linear metres The statistically-mathematical treatment of the material is based on the hypothesis, reached on the basis of a preliminary study, that the time x1 is linearly dependent on the factors x2, x3, x4 and x5 which affect the work. The phenomenon may be described by a straight line the equation of which has the form: x1 = a + b * x2 + c * x3 + d * x4 + e * x5 and shows the simultaneous variation of the different arguments which affect the work. On the basis of the characteristics computed from the primary material the estimated final value of the aforementioned regression line of the work is: x1 = 0.15 + 0.05 * x2 + 0.40 * x3 + 0.47 * x4 + 0.05 * x5. To allow comparison the mathematical treatment was carried out, also by using a partial correlation computation. The coefficients of the correlation series are shown on page 224. In the series of the final coefficients of correlation r12x345 = 0.10 r13x245 = 0.33 r14x235 = 0.63 r15x234 = 0.35 the significance of the value r12x315 = 0.10 is so small that it cannot be regarded as probable. The other values, on the other hand, describe the phenomenon with an accuracy probability of 95%. To check the mathematical treatment on the basis of the aforementioned coefficients of correlation, the values of the coefficients a, b, c, d and e in the equation x1 = a + bx2 + cx3 + dx4 + ex5 have been computed and a result has been arrived at which is completely consistent with the result reached by the computation of the regression line. For practical application, working time values/10 linear metres, which are in accordance with the straight line obtained, have been computed on to Table No. 1, page 225. Also the additional 7.5 % have been taken into consideration in the calculations as corresponding to accepted interruptions, in accordance with the preliminary study. Since the importance of the lenght of the seedlings is of very little significance and not even probable, it has not been taken into consideration. The computations have been made as corresponding to a length of 5 cm. of the seedlings. Table No. 1 shows the money values which are in accordance with the time values on Table No. 1 and which keep to the basis agreed upon at the negotiations between the organizations on the labour-market. As the work in question has been work on a contract a 30 % increase for the contract has been agreed upon to be observed. Table No. 2 has been computed according to wages of 80 mks. per hour and the prices have been stated in pennies as the price paid for work per metre. The increase corresponding to the contract has been allowed in the figures.

Characteristics and factors affecting mortality of patients admitted for chemotherapy in the United States during the year 2017.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19025-e19025
Author(s):  
Arya Mariam Roy ◽  
Manojna Konda ◽  
Akshay Goel ◽  
Rashmi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Life Threatening

e19025 Background: Over the past two decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the chemotherapy options available to cancer patients. In terms of overall, progression-free survival, and temporary suppression of cancer-related symptoms, chemotherapy has shown beneficial effects. However, the side effects of chemotherapy are sometimes life threatening which affects an individual’s physical health, emotional state and quality of life. There is a considerable increase in the prevention, early identification and timely management of toxicities associated with chemotherapy; however, chemotherapy-related deaths still occur. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database for the year 2017. Patients who were admitted for the administration of chemotherapy are identified using ICD- 10 codes. The epidemiology, the role of insurance providers in the treatment outcome were studied. Results: A total of 29,018 hospitalizations for the administration of chemotherapy were there in 2017. The median age of patients who received chemotherapy was 48. The overall mortality related to chemotherapy admissions was 0.80% (n = 233). The mortality of females who were admitted for chemotherapy did not vary much when compared to males admitted for chemotherapy (0.89% vs 0.73%, p = 0.132). It was found that admissions for chemotherapy during weekend had 85 % higher odds of dying as compared to admission during weekdays (1.6% vs 0.76%, OR = 1.85, p = 0.001, CI = 1.16 – 2.95). Patients who were admitted electively for chemotherapy were 74% less likely to die in hospital when compared to those who were admitted emergently for chemotherapy (1.4 % vs 0.49% OR = 0.36, p = 0.001, CI = 0.266 – 0.49). Interestingly, patients who had Medicare and Medicaid had higher mortality than those who had private insurance and self-pay when admitted for chemotherapy (2.08 % vs 0.58% vs 0.36%, p = 0.00). Those who had private insurance were 60% less likely to die in hospital while admitted for chemotherapy. The average length of stay for chemotherapy admissions were 5.92 ± 7.9%. Conclusions: Medicare and Medicaid patients, weekend admissions and emergent admissions were more likely to die in hospital while admitted for chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to reveal the disparities in the mortality of chemotherapy admissions, based on the socioeconomic status and the insurance payers.

scholarly journals Use of the SONET Score to Evaluate High Volume Emergency Department Overcrowding: A Prospective Derivation and Validation Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Richard D. Robinson ◽  
John S. Garrett ◽  
Kellie Bunch ◽  
Charles A. Huggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Patient Acuity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Left Without Being Seen ◽  
Ed Overcrowding ◽  
Care Outcomes

Background. The accuracy and utility of current Emergency Department (ED) crowding estimation tools remain uncertain in EDs with high annual volumes. We aimed at deriving a more accurate tool to evaluate overcrowding in a high volume ED setting and determine the association between ED overcrowding and patient care outcomes.Methods. A novel scoring tool (SONET: Severely overcrowded-Overcrowded-Not overcrowded Estimation Tool) was developed and validated in two EDs with both annual volumes exceeding 100,000. Patient care outcomes including the number of left without being seen (LWBS) patients, average length of ED stay, ED 72-hour returns, and mortality were compared under the different crowding statuses.Results. The total number of ED patients, the number of mechanically ventilated patients, and patient acuity levels were independent risk factors affecting ED overcrowding. SONET was derived and found to better differentiate severely overcrowded, overcrowded, and not overcrowded statuses with similar results validated externally. In addition, SONET scores correlated with increased length of ED stay, number of LWBS patients, and ED 72-hour returns.Conclusions. SONET might be a better fit to determine high volume ED overcrowding. ED overcrowding negatively impacts patient care operations and often produces poor patient perceptions of standardized care delivery.

scholarly journals Assessment Rates and Causes of Readmissions in Military Casualties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Gharehchahi ◽  
Sadrollah Mahmoudi ◽  
Hadi Khoshmohabat ◽  
Hamid Reza Javadzadeh ◽  
Amin Mohamadrezapourzare
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Body ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Introduction: Military medical care encompasses domains such as the long-term prognosis, morbidity, and quality of life of survivors after discharge from the hospital. The identification factors affecting hospitalization and readmissions are crucial in military settings. The study aimed to assess rates and causes of readmissions in military casualties.Methods: We included 775 military personnel with combat-related injuries from September 2014 to October 2019. We determined readmissions if they occurred within one year since the date of discharge from the index admission. The data was included regarding the pattern and mechanism of injury, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), primary and subsequent treatments and procedures, experienced side effects, source of admission, hospital care unit, and the length of stay in the hospital. Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.99±7.55 years. The great majority of the investigated combat-related injuries were penetrating (N=639, 82.5%), followed by blunt (N=97, 12.5%). The most injured part of the body was the extremities (N=360, 46.5%), followed by the head and neck (N=175, 22.6%) and the abdomen and pelvis (N=106, 13.7%). The most common reason for the readmission event number 1-7 was overall wound infection. The average length of hospitalization during the index admission was 9.48±12.07 days. There was a significant relationship between multiple readmissions and total readmission days and LOS, max AIS, ISS, side effects, and blood transfusion(P<0.001 for all the variables). Among the variables influencing multiple readmissions, ISS>24 led to the highest risk. Conclusion: A longer LOS within the index admission and its associated factors put patients at risk of multiple and longer readmission events in the future. The outcomes imply that patients with more severe injuries may require high-quality care for longer durations as part of the initial hospital inpatient stay, and this may motivate more effective management of combat-related injuries and the associated medical costs.

scholarly journals Length of Stay of Psychiatric Admissions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (210) ◽  
pp. 593-597
Author(s):  
Madhur Basnet ◽  
Nidesh Sapkota ◽  
Suren Limbu ◽  
Dharanidhar Baral
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Co Morbidity

Introduction: The length of stay among psychiatric in-patients is usually longer than that of others. In-patient management is costly and longer length of stay can lead to catastrophic costs. We conducted this study to explore about the length of stay of psychiatric admissions and factors affecting it.Methods: We collected the data of all the patients admitted to the psychiatric ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2016 from the database of the medical records section after ethical approval. The sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version. Length of stay more than 3 weeks was considered as long stay. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with length of stay.Results: There were 3687 admissions during the study period. The average length of stay was 19.36 (±13.14) days. On logistic regression, the factors associated with shorter length of stay were: male gender (aOR= 0.79, 95%CI: 0.68-0.93), being self employed (aOR= 0.17, 95%CI: 0.12-0.22), homemakers (aOR= 0.18, 95%CI: 0.14-0.24), farmers (aOR= 0.20, 95%CI: 0.15-0.27) and students (aOR= 0.23, 95%CI:0.17-0.32). Similarly, factors associated with longer length of stay were: being from other Eastern Terai districts(aOR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.70), other Eastern Hill districts (aOR= 1.68; 95%CI: 1.29-2.20), diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (aOR=4.01, 95%CI: 1.34-12.0), having medical co-morbidity (aOR= 3.47; 95%CI: 2.49-4.84) and being readmitted (aOR= 1.23, 95%CI: 1.03-1.47).Conclusions: There was significant association of length of stay with gender, age, address, occupation, diagnosis and readmission

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Postoperative Pain and Length of Hospital Stay of Liver Transplantation Donors

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Je Hyun Jung ◽  
Kyung Sook Bang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting postoperative pain and length of hospital stay of liver transplantation donors. Methods: This is a retrospective study using the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of 91 patients operated on at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea in 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average age of the donors was $35.7{pm}12.2$ years, and all donors were family members. PCA was applied for control pain in all patients, and 40.7% of PCA-related side effects were observed. The average length of hospital stay was $9.24{pm}2.52$ days. The factors influencing the length of hospital stay were operative methods, pain control methods, and postoperative complications. The length of hospital stay was 1.29 days shorter if donors had no complication, 1.43 days shorter when only PCA was used, and 1.19 days shorter when laparoscopic resection was performed (Adjusted $R^2=0.17$, F=4.67, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as basic data for practical and effective postoperative nursing education and intervention of living liver donors.

scholarly journals First record of the seagrass-boring shipworm Zachsia sp. (Bivalve: Teredinidae) in natural and transplanted Enhalus acoroides (Hydrocharitaceae) rhizomes in tropical Southwest Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenni Asriani ◽  
Rohani Ambo-Rappe ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
First Record ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transplant Survival ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Bed

Seagrass ecosystems are under threat worldwide. Seagrass transplantation is one restoration approach which is has been tried with uneven success. While transplantation methods and oceanographic parameters have been investigated in attempts to understand the factors affecting transplant survival rate and seagrass transplantation success, little attention has been paid to the possible impact of pests. We observed borer molluscs in a seagrass Enhalus acoroides both from natural bed and transplant area. This is thought to be the first record from Indonesian waters of these bivalve molluscs of the genus Zachsia, family Teredinidae, the only mollusc genus known to bore into seagrass rhizomes. In a further eleven E. acoroides shoots (average length 10.5cm) we found between one and four calcareous burrows 2mm to 5mm in diameter inside the rhizome. Further research is required to determine the species present and its distribution in Indonesian waters as well as the true ecological impact of Zachsia sp. on seagrasses.

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