scholarly journals A review on phytochemical constituents, role on metabolic diseases, and toxicological assessments of underutilized part of Garcinia mangostana L. fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohman Abdul ◽  
Arifah Fitriana Hayyu ◽  
Irnawati Irnawati ◽  
Alam Gemini ◽  
Muchtaridi Muchtaridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

scholarly journals The Ethnopharmacological and Nutraceutical Relevance of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Justice Kwabena Sarfo ◽  
Jeffery Kwarteng ◽  
Cynthia Ayefoumi Adinortey ◽  
William Ekloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey is a herb found mostly in tropical Africa. The plant, commonly found in West Africa, is used in the management of many diseases including cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, endocrine, and metabolic diseases in Ghana, Nigeria, Benin, Serra Leone, and Senegal. This piece provides comprehensive and updated information on the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological and toxicological information available on Launaea taraxacifolia to support its medicinal uses and also unearth knowledge gaps for future studies. An electronic literature search using search engines, namely, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, was carried out to obtain information on the plant. Both common and scientific names of the plant were used as keywords for the search process. This paper captured information on Launaea taraxacifolia from 1985 to 2018. The search revealed that the leaves of the plant possess nutritional/pharmacological effects on diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, malaria, bacterial infections, and arthritis. The leaf has been shown to be a rich source of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, and β-carotene. Also, isolated phytoconstituents as well as the safety profile of the plant have been documented. This review on Launaea taraxacifolia has provided a one-stop documentation of information in support of the several purported ethnopharmacological uses of the plant. It also reveals information gaps such as the need to research into its pharmacokinetics, interactions with drugs of importance, and its development into a plant-based drug in order to expand its clinical use.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic effect of aqueous fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum (Mart.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Larbie ◽  
Jeremiah Issaka ◽  
Marina Tandoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Borassus Aethiopum

<p>Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels and is among the top ten causes of death in the world. Borassus aethiopum Mart. (family Arecaceae) is a plant species of Borassus palm found widely across Africa. It serves an important source of food, providing edible fruits, and nuts, and also has a number of pharmacological uses that have been reported in some parts of the world. <br />Objective: The current study was aimed at assessing the phytochemical constituents as well as the antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effect of fruit extract of B. aethiopum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.<br />Materials and Methods: The fruits extract was prepared (FEB) and phytochemical constituents evaluated using standard methods. The antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic properties in alloxanized rats assessed for 7 and 28 days. Normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated with FEB at doses of 100 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight. Observations on body weight, relative organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in both acute and sub-chronic circumstances. <br />Results: The presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids and alkaloids were detected. Fasting blood glucose was reduced significantly (p&lt;0.05) in diabetic rats in acute study at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and at 250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight in sub-chronic studies. WBC and PLT levels were significantly increased after treatment with 500 mg/kg body weight. Urea and ALT levels also reduced significantly in both acute and sub-chronic studies. <br />Conclusion: The aqueous fruit extract of B. aethiopum is antidiabetic. It was also found to be nephron- and hepato-protective as well as boosting the immunity of the animals.</p>

Mitochondria microcrystals deposition in some inherited diseases of lipid metabolism.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
S. Laoussadi ◽  
A. Kahan ◽  
G. Aubouy ◽  
F. Delbarre
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Lipid Storage Disease ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Mean Size

Several patients with Fabry's, Gaucher's diseases and hyperlipoproteinemia type II and with arthropatic manifestations were observed.As no histological explanation for these symptoms was available,an ultrastructural study of synovial tissue was done to establish an anatomoclinical relation.Material and Methods :synovial membrane samples were obtained by needle biopsies of the knee from three patients with arthropatic manifestations of each disease.They were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% osmium tetraoxyde and embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections coloured by uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with an Elmiskop I Siemens electron microscope.Two important phenomena were observed in synovial tissue:Specific patterns of each lipid storage disease,which are now well known.In all the three metabolic diseases, hydroxyapatite-like crystals were found. They are characterized by their intramitochondrial localization, without any relation with cristae,an anarchic disposition and a mean size of 550 A.Crystals may be found also free in the cytoplasm of synoviocytes Some micrographs suggest an evolution in four steps :a. mitochondria with only a few microcrystalsb. mitochondria stuffed with these structuresc. disruption of mitochondria membranesd. microcrystals appear free in the cytoplasm

Investigation analysis of metabolic diseases-associated indexes in Chongqing children

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S70-S70
Author(s):  
Xiaoping WEI ◽  
Lan LIU ◽  
Jie CHEN ◽  
Youxue LIU ◽  
Yang BI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases

Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Muin Fardoun ◽  
Dina Maaliki ◽  
Nabil Halabi ◽  
Rabah Iratni ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

Adipokines as key players in β cell function and failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2317-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Banoy ◽  
James C. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Abstract The growing prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), has increased the interest in adipose tissue (AT) and its role as a principal metabolic orchestrator. Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. Initially, the “classic” adipokines will be discussed, followed by novel secreted adipocyte-specific factors that show therapeutic promise in regulating the adipose–pancreatic β cell axis.

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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