scholarly journals A prospective cross-sectional study on assessment of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients with respiratory tract infections in Nilgiris district

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Characterisation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococci in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North East India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antara Roy ◽  
Rajkumar Manojkumar Singh ◽  
Supriya Laifangbam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Enterococci are important agents of nosocomial infection, ranking as the second most common organisms causing complicated urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, endocarditis, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, wound and soft tissue infections, neonatal sepsis, and, rarely, meningitis. Infections by enterococci have traditionally been treated with cell wall active agents (e.g., penicillin or ampicillin) in combination with an aminoglycoside (streptomycin/gentamicin); however, emergence of High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR), β lactam antibiotics resistance and vancomycin resistance by some strains has led to failure of synergistic effects of combination therapy. Aim: To characterise enterococci up to the species level and study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study in which a total of 14114 clinical specimens, obtained during the period from September 2018 to August 2020 in this cross-sectional study, were tested to identify and speciate enterococcal isolates using standard microbiological methodology. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics (percentage and proportion). Results: During the study period of two years, 146 enterococci were recovered from 14114 different clinical samples, accounting for an infection rate of 1.03%. Among 146 enterococcal isolates, 116 (79.5%) were obtained from urine, 13 (8.9%) from blood, 10 (6.8%) from pus, 4 (2.7%) from wound swab and 3 (2.1%) from catheter tip. The predominant isolates were E. faecalis (82.2%) followed by E. faecium (15.8%), E.durans (1.3%) and E.gallinarum (0.7%). On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, most of enterococcal isolates were predominantly resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (73.9% in both) and least resistant to linezolid (3.4%). Conclusion: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were the predominant species in present study and majority of the isolates was sensitive to linezolid (96.6%). Therefore, it is necessary to implement infection control measures like antimicrobial stewardship especially restricting the use of antibiotics to minimum.

scholarly journals Characterization of rhinovirus/enterovirus complex infection in children living at high altitudes: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime ◽  
Corrales Silvia Catalina ◽  
Obando Evelyn ◽  
Amin Jennifer ◽  
Alirio Bastidas Goyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Coinfection ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Respiratory tract infections caused by the rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) complex have traditionally been considered to be minor, self-limited infections in children, with few complications. There are no previous studies of patients living at high altitudes that characterize severe cases of this infection.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including patients from 1 month to 18 years old who had been hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections between October 2015 and December 2019, and had had a viral panel with RT-PCR during their hospitalization.Results: During the study period, 645 RT-PCRs were performed, with the two main etiological agents identified being RV/EV (224) and respiratory syncytial virus (68). The median age of patients with RV/EV complex was 27 months (IQR: 8-70), 55.8% were boys and the average length of hospital stay was 12 days (IQR: 6-24). Severe RV/EV complex infections required more transfers to intensive care (11% vs 47%), showed more viral coinfection (OR: 2.13,95%, 95%CI: 1.42-4.64) and had less bacterial coinfection (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.98) than RSV infections, with no difference in mortality ( 2.4% vs. 2.1%, P:0.09). Post-transplant patients (OR: 3.35, 95%CI: 1.10-11.34) and those with comorbidities (OR: 3.97, 95%CI: 2.23-7.08) had the highest risk of RV/EV infection. The RV/EV group had a higher risk of presenting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR: 3.6, 95%CI: 1.07-12:18), especially in premature infants (p: 0.05; exp (B), 2.99; 95%CI= 1.01-8.82), those with heart disease (p: 0.047; exp(B), 2.99; 95%CI = 1.01-8.82) and those with inborn errors of metabolism (p: 0.032; exp (B), 5-01; 95%CI= 1.15-21.81). Conclusions: Respiratory infection due to RV/EV in children who live at high altitudes can frequently be severe, requiring management with intensive care therapy. When compared to RSV, this complex is more frequently associated with viral coinfection and the development of ARDS, especially in risk groups such as those with prematurity, heart disease or inborn errors of metabolism. It is important to see RV / EV as a virus that can have an unsatisfactory course as or more severe than that of other viruses that affect the respiratory tract in children.

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