Acute Toxicity and in-vivo Effects of Leaf Extracts of Byrsocarpus Coccineus Shum & Thonn in Pregnant Rat Uterus

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazis CH
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Cordia africana (Lam.) (Boraginaceae) Leaf Extracts and Solvent Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash ◽  
Dayananda Bhoumik ◽  
Birhanetensay Masresha Altaye ◽  
Helen Bitew Tareke ◽  
Brhane Teklebrhan Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cordia Africana

Background. Malaria remains a major worldwide public health problem leading to death of millions of people. Spread and emergence of antimalarial drug resistance are the major challenge in malaria control. Medicinal plants are the key source of new effective antimalarial agents. Cordia africana (Lam.) is widely used for traditional management of malaria by local people in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo antimalarial effects of leaf extracts and solvent fractions of Cordia africana on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods. The leaf extracts were prepared and tested for oral acute toxicity according to the OECD guideline. In vivo antimalarial effects of various doses of C. africana extracts and solvent fractions were determined using the four-day suppression test (both crude and fractions), as well as curative and chemoprophylactic tests (crude extracts). Results. The acute toxicity test of the plant extract revealed that the medium lethal dose is higher than 2000 mg/kg. The crude extract of the plant exhibited significant parasitemia suppression in the four-day suppression (51.19%), curative (57.14%), and prophylactic (46.48%) tests at 600 mg/kg. The n-butanol fraction exhibited the highest chemosuppression (55.62%) at 400 mg/kg, followed by the chloroform fraction (45.04%) at the same dose. Conclusion. Our findings indicated that both the crude leaf extracts and fractions of C. africana possess antimalarial effects, supporting the traditional claim of the plant.

scholarly journals Reação de espécies vegetais a Meloidogyne enterolobii e eficiência de seus extratos aquosos no controle do patógeno

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2385
Author(s):  
Maciel Dos Santos Freire ◽  
Carmem Dolores Gonzaga Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
In Vivo Effects

The genus Meloidogyne includes species of the most common nematodes to affect crops around the world. The species M. enterolobii is notable for affecting and causing serious losses in the production of guava trees and various other economically important crops in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 10 plant species to parasitism by M. enterolobii, and the in vitro and in vivo effects of their leaf extracts on the pathogen. Initially seedlings of Solenostemon scutellarioides, Dieffenbachia amoena, Spigelia anthelmia, Plumbago scandens, Ricinus communis, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Azadirachta indica, Morinda citrifolia, Jatropha curcas and Datura stramonium were inoculated with 5,000 eggs of M. enterolobii to evaluate their susceptibility to nematode infection. For the test in vitro, a 5% concentration of the leaf extracts were added to Petri dishes, and 50 J2 of M. enterolobii were placed in each dish. After 48 hours incubation, the juveniles were evaluated for motility and mortality in the extracts. For the test in vivo, leaf extracts were used at the same concentration, however with only the seven most-promising in vitro species. This assay included the following sequence: inoculation of 5,000 eggs in autoclaved and moist soil contained in 1L pots; application of 30 ml of extract to the soil after 24 hours; transplanting of ‘Santa Clara’ tomato seedlings the following day; and reapplying the extract after 7 and 14 days. The results were evaluated 45 days after nematode inoculation. It was seen that the species D. amoena, R. communis, A. indica, M. citrifolia, J. curcas and D. stramonium displayed highly resistant behaviour; S. anthelmia, P. scandens and C. ambrosioides were very resistant, whereas S. scutelarioides was susceptible to the nematode. With the in vitro test, extracts from seven of the 10 species caused 70.4% to 97.4% J2 mortality. Applying the best leaf extracts to the soil was efficient in reducing M. enterolobii infestation in roots of the tomato.

RAT MYOMETRIAL ACTIVITY IN VIVO: EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE IN RELATION TO THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CYTOPLASMIC PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA J. DOWNING ◽  
S. J. LYE ◽  
JANE M. C. BRADSHAW ◽  
D. G. PORTER
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
High Affinity Binding ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
In Vivo Effects

The amplitude, frequency and rate of rise of intra-uterine pressure cycles in rats (postpartum, ovariectomized) were unaffected by treatment with progesterone. Amplitude was also unaffected by a combination of treatments with progesterone and oestradiol-17β, which was adequate to ensure the survival of 84% of foetuses in ovariectomized pregnant rats. The failure of progesterone to influence myometrial activity could not be attributed to a lack of 'true' progesterone receptors since these were present in the myometria of the test animals in concentrations exceeding those of oestrous animals. Evidence was obtained which suggested that a high-affinity binding protein, different from the 'true' receptor may predominate in the myometrium of the pregnant rat. Oestradiol-17β in single or repeated doses of from 0·25 to 5 μg, however, was found to reduce the frequency of pressure cycles but to increase significantly their rate of rise of pressure. There was a latency of 6–8 h in these effects of oestradiol. The possibility that inhibition of the myometrium by oestrogen may play a part in the preparation for parturition is discussed.

scholarly journals Exploration of Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Diarrheal, Gastrointestinal Motility and Acute Toxicity of Different Extracts of Citrus Assamensis Leaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Sohel Rana
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Citrus assamensis (Family: Rutaceae), commonly known as Satkara, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. In the present study, the leaf extracts of C. assamensis were subjected to evaluate in vitro anti-diabetic as well as in vivo anti-diarrheal, gastrointestinal motility and acute toxicity activity on Swiss albino mice by using standard protocol. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed significant inhibitory potentials (**p<0.01) against in vitro α-amylase enzyme at the concentration of 80μg/mL. Significant (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001) reduction in the number of wet feces and percentage inhibition of diarrheal activity over three hours was observed with all the test doses of the extract compared with the vehicle treated group. Both doses of methanol and ethanol extracts (*p<0.05) and chloroform extract at doses of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of wet feces compared to the control. None of the extracts showed any significant in vivo acute toxicity effect on mice. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 111-120, 2018

In vivo anti-inflammatory effect and toxicological screening of Maytenus heterophylla and Maytenus senegalensis extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. da Silva ◽  
M. Taniça ◽  
J. Rocha ◽  
R. Serrano ◽  
ET Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Maytenus Senegalensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl & Zeyh.) Robson and Maytenus senegalensis (Lam). Exell are two African medicinal plants used to treat painful and inflammatory diseases. We evaluated the in vivo (per os) anti-inflammatory activity of M. heterophylla leaf, stem and root extracts and of M. senegalensis leaf and stem extracts. Additionally, we assessed their in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicities. Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts were determined in Wistar albino rats, by the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. Acute and sub-acute toxicity screening of the extracts was evaluated in adult male CD-6 mice. Leaf extracts of M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (120 mg/kg, per os), reducing oedema by 51% and 35%, respectively. While M. heterophylla extracts at 1200 mg/kg have shown to be non-toxic, M. senegalensis extracts indicated some toxicity. Our results show a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis leaf extracts in a local model of acute inflammation and suggest the absence of acute and sub-acute toxicity signs of the M. heterophylla leaf extract (but not of M. senegalensis). Ongoing studies will surely shed some light into the mechanism of action of this active extract and establish its chemical fingerprint.

scholarly journals In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Laurus nobilis L. Leaf Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 3378-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Kaurinovic ◽  
Mira Popovic ◽  
Sanja Vlaisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals In vivo Effects of Estetrol on the Immature Rat Uterus

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Holinka ◽  
E. Gurpide
Keyword(s):  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Comparative pharmacology of oestrogens and catechol oestrogens: actions on the immature rat uterus in vivo and in vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Franks ◽  
N. J. MacLusky ◽  
F. Naftolin
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
In Vivo Effects

The effects of primary and catechol oestrogens on the uterus of the immature rat were compared. Because differences between the in-vivo and in-vitro oestrogenic actions of catechol oestrogens on the secretion of LH had been observed, their effects on a peripheral target organ, the uterus, were examined under similar conditions. In-vivo effects were assessed by measurement of uterine weight, induction of uterine cytoplasmic progestogen receptors, and by histological examination. In-vitro actions were determined by measurement of oestrogen-specific induced protein. It was found that the uterotrophic effects in vivo of 4-hydroxyoestradiol were indistinguishable from those of oestradiol whereas 2-hydroxyoestradiol was only weakly oestrogenic and 2-hydroxyoestrone had no effect. However, in vitro, 2-hydroxyoestradiol was as effective as 4-hydroxyoestradiol or oestradiol in stimulating synthesis of uterine induced protein, and 2-hydroxyoestrone, although less potent than oestradiol, had a significant effect. These results were consistent with the observed effects on the secretion of LH. The differences between in-vivo and in-vitro uterotrophic properties of catechol oestrogens can be explained on the basis of known pharmacokinetic factors.

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