scholarly journals Optimization of Condensate Water Drain Logic Depending on the Characteristics of Drain Valve in FPS of Fuel Cell Vehicle and Development of Anode Water Management Strategy to Achieve High Fuel Efficiency and Operational Stability

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
DEUKKUEN AHN ◽  
HYUNJAE LEE ◽  
HYOSUB SHIM ◽  
DAEJONG KIM
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Water Management Strategy ◽  
Water Drain

Produced Water Management Strategy and Water Injection Best Practices: Design, Performance, and Monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Abou-Sayed ◽  
Karim S. Zaki ◽  
Gary Wang ◽  
Manoj Dnyandeo Sarfare ◽  
Martin H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Water Management Strategy

Enhanced Water Management and Fuel Efficiency of a Fully Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell With Super-Hydrophilic/ -Hydrophobic Cathode Porous Flow-Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Fuchang Han ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Wenjun Chen ◽  
Jinyi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Porous Flow ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

Water management is a critical issue for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). This study focuses primarily on the use of a super-hydrophilic or super-hydrophobic cathode porous flow field to improve the water management of a passive air-breathing DMFC. The flow field layer was made of an in-house copper-fiber sintered felt (CFSF) which owns good stability and conductivity. Results indicate that the super-hydrophilic flow field performs better at a lower methanol concentration since it facilitates water removal when the water balance coefficient (WBC) is high. In the case of high-concentration operation, the use of a super-hydrophobic pattern is more able to reduce methanol crossover (MCO) and increase fuel efficiency since it helps maintain a lower WBC due to its ability in enhancing water back flow from the cathode to the anode. The effects of methanol concentration and the porosity of the CFSF are also discussed in this work. The cell based on the super-hydrophobic pattern with a porosity of 60% attains the best performance with a maximum power density of 18.4 mW cm−2 and a maximum limiting current density of 140 mA cm−2 at 4 M.

How could wastewater reuse in China meet the national ambitious water management strategy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Wenlong Zhang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Management Strategy

Quantifying snowfall from orographic cloud seeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Friedrich ◽  
Kyoko Ikeda ◽  
Sarah Tessendorf ◽  
Jeffrey French ◽  
Robert Rauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Orographic Clouds ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Orographic Cloud ◽  
Water Management Strategy

<p>Cloud seeding has been used as one water management strategy to overcome the increasing demand for water despite decades of inconclusive results on the efficacy of cloud seeding. In this study snowfall accumulation from glaciogenic cloud seeding is quantified based on snow gauge and radar observations from three days in January 2017, when orographic clouds in the absent of natural precipitation were seeded with silver iodide (AgI) in the Payette basin of Idaho during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE). On each day, a seeding aircraft equipped with AgI flares flew back and forth on a straight-line flight track producing a zig-zag pattern representing two to eight lines of clouds visible through enhancements in radar reflectivity. As these seeding lines started to form precipitation, they passed over several snow gauges and through the radar observational domain. For the three cases presented here, precipitation gauges measured increases between 0.05-0.3 mm as precipitation generated by cloud seeding pass over the instruments. A variety of relationships between radar reflectivity factor and liquid equivalent snowfall rate were used to quantify snowfall within the radar observation domain. For the three cases, snowfall occurred within the radar observational domain between 25 -160 min producing a total amount of water generated by cloud seeding ranging from 123,220 to 339,540 m3 using the best-match Ze-S relationship. Uncertainties in radar reflectivity estimated snowfall are provided by considering not only the best-match Ze-S relationship but also an ensemble of Ze-S relationships based on the range of coefficients published from previous studies and then examining the percentile of snowfall estimates based on all of the Ze-S relationships within the ensemble. Considering the interquartile range and 5<sup>th</sup>/95<sup>th</sup> percentiles, uncertainties in total amount of water generated by cloud seeding can range between 20-45% compared to the best-math estimates. These results provide new insights towards understanding how cloud seeding impacts precipitation and its distribution across a region.</p>

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