Chapter 3. The Shift to Human Populations (1952–1970)

2005 ◽  
pp. 52-84
Keyword(s):  
Human Populations

The sense of obligation is culturally modulated

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Sense Of Obligation ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Abstract Tomasello argues in the target article that, in generalizing the concrete obligations originating from interdependent collaboration to one's entire cultural group, humans become “ultra-cooperators.” But are all human populations cooperative in similar ways? Based on cross-cultural studies and my own fieldwork in Polynesia, I argue that cooperation varies along several dimensions, and that the underlying sense of obligation is culturally modulated.

Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bloom ◽  
Shareen Holly ◽  
Adam M. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Cns Stimulant ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

The evolution of human populations. The storytelling from the genome

PARADIGMI ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Martina Lari ◽  
David Caramelli
Keyword(s):  
Human Populations

Dominant-negative mutations in PPAR alpha are present in unselected human populations and have a metabolic signature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Melvin ◽  
Brian Lam ◽  
Claudia Langenberg ◽  
Maura Agostini ◽  
Erik Schoenmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ppar Alpha ◽  
Metabolic Signature ◽  
Dominant Negative Mutations

Insights Studies for Certain Natural FDA Approved Polyphenolics and Repurposing for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1390-1395
Author(s):  
Arafa Musa ◽  
Ehab M. Mostafa ◽  
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea ◽  
Shaimaa R. Ahmed ◽  
Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docking Studies ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Energy Score ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Pancreatic Disorders ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Death Cases

Natural polyphenolic drugs were approved for treatment of various diseases. Diosmin, rutin, quercetin, aesculin, genistein, hesperidin and silybin are known for their safety and have been applied for several human disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, capillary fragility, liver and pancreatic disorders and others. As the structures of the selected polyphenolic compounds possess variable chemical moieties with diverse chemical and electronic characters, these properties have been employed for further insights studies to predict new applications concerning the newly occurred pandemic. COVID-19 is a terrible disease that attacked millions of human populations at the end of year 2019. As the number of death cases has increased to exceed one million of humans, the early discovery of new treatment from previously approved and safe drugs is the main target of this study. Employing the putative docking studies for the selected polyphenolic drugs were done and the results were promising, all tested drugs exhibited high affinity with the selected five proteins of protease enzyme, the docking score ranged from -8.4461 to -26.1691 kcal/mol with 3-7 variable interaction bonds. Among the tested drugs, diosmin appeared as the most promising drug as it exhibited the highest energy score and interaction bonds with the most of proteins.

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