16. On National Frontiers: Ethnic Homogeneity and Pluralism

1977 ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
William H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Homogeneity

Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-510
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity

Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.

It’s who you know: intracultural differences in ethnic product consumption

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Chung ◽  
Eileen Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity ◽  
Chinese Canadian

Reports a study of 214 Chinese Canadian consumers across eight product categories. This study shows that intracultural differences in consumer behavior are inadequately explained by the psychological construct of ethnic identification, and that additional explanatory power is achieved when incorporating the ethnic homogeneity of social ties. The results of the study support the proposition that the ethnic homogeneity of strong social ties exerts significant influence over an individual’s consumption of ethnic products, and is a much more robust predictor variable than ethnic identification. Also calls for a more theory‐based measure for the construct ethnic identification.

The Euromaidan and the crisis of Russian nationalism

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Horvath
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity ◽  
Soviet Nationalism

This article examines the reverberations in Russia of the Euromaidan protests and the fall of the Yanukovych regime in Ukraine. It shows how the events in Kyiv provoked a major crisis in the Russian nationalist movement, which was riven by vituperative denunciations, the ostracism of prominent activists, the breakdown of friendships, the rupture of alliances, and schisms within organizations. Focusing on pro-Kremlin nationalists and several tendencies of opposition nationalists, it argues that this turmoil was shaped by three factors. First, the Euromaidan provoked clashes between pro-Kremlin nationalists, who became standard-bearers of official anti-Euromaidan propaganda, and anti-Putin nationalists, who extolled the Euromaidan as a model for a revolution in Russia itself. Second, the events in Ukraine provoked ideological contention around issues of particular sensitivity to Russian nationalists, such as the competing claims of imperialism and ethnic homogeneity, and of Soviet nationalism and Russian traditionalism. And third, many nationalists were unprepared for the pace of events, which shifted rapidly from an anti-oligarchic uprising in Kyiv to a push for the self-determination of ethnic Russians in Crimean and southeast Ukraine. As a result, they were left in the uncomfortable position of appearing to collaborate with the oppressors of their compatriots.

scholarly journals Immigrant and ethnic neighbourhood concentration and reduced child developmental vulnerability

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne N. McRae ◽  
Nazeem Muhajarine ◽  
Magdalena Janus ◽  
Eric Duku ◽  
Marni Brownell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Structural Disadvantage ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity

IntroductionStudies have consistently demonstrated a gradient between median neighbourhood income and child developmental outcomes. By investigating statistical outliers—neighbourhoods with children exhibiting less or more developmental vulnerability than that predicted by median neighbourhood income—there is an opportunity to identify other neighbourhood characteristics that may be enhancing or impeding early childhood development. ObjectiveTesting a variety of neighbourhood factors, including immigrant or ethnic concentration and characteristics of structural disadvantage (proportion of social assistance recipients, homes in need of major repair, residents with high school education only, lone parent families, and residents moving in the last year) we sought to identify factors associated with more or less developmental vulnerability than that predicted by median neighbourhood income, for young children. MethodsFor this cross-sectional study we used validated Early Development Instrument (EDI) data (2003-2013) linked to demographic and socioeconomic Census and Tax Filer data for 98.3% of Canadian neighbourhoods (n=2,023). The purpose of the instrument is to report, at a population-level, children’s school readiness. Children’s developmental vulnerability was assessed in five domains (physical health and well-being, emotional maturity, social competence, language and cognitive development, and communication and general knowledge) in relation to the 10th percentile from a national normative sample. Levels of children’s neighbourhood vulnerability were determined per domain, as percent of children vulnerable at a given domain. Neighbourhoods were grouped into three cohorts, those having lower than predicted, as predicted, or higher than predicted children’s vulnerability according to neighbourhood median income. Using multivariable binary logistic regression we modelled the association between select neighbourhood characteristics and neighbourhoods with lower or higher than predicted vulnerability per domain, compared to neighbourhoods with predicted vulnerability. This allowed us to determine neighbourhood characteristics associated with better or worse child developmental outcomes, at a neighbourhood-level, than that predicted by income. ResultsIn neighbourhoods with less child developmental vulnerability than that predicted by income, high or low immigrant concentration and ethnic homogeneity was associated with less vulnerability in physical (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.94), social (aOR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.51), and communication domains (aOR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.47) compared to neighbourhoods with vulnerability concordant with income. Neighbourhood ethnic homogeneity was consistently associated with less developmental vulnerability than predicted by income across all developmental domains. Neighbourhood-level structural disadvantage was strongly associated with child developmental vulnerability beyond that predicted by median neighbourhood income. ConclusionCanadian neighbourhoods demonstrating less child developmental vulnerability than that predicted by income have greater ethnic and ethnic-immigrant homogeneity than neighbourhoods with child developmental vulnerability concordant with income. Neighbourhood social cohesion and cultural identity may be contributing factors. Neighbourhood structural disadvantage is associated with poorer early childhood development, over and above that predicted by neighbourhood income. Neighbourhood-level policy and programming should address income and non-income related barriers to healthy child development.

Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration in East Asia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Y. Kang ◽  
Hyung-Gu Lynn ◽  
Apichai W. Shipper
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Ethnic Minority Population ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity ◽  
Historical Presence ◽  
And Migration ◽  
North And South

East Asian countries have varying levels of ethnic homogeneity. North and South Korea have long been considered among the most ethnically homogeneous nation-states in the world. In South Korea, the number of foreigners who were long-term visitors (over 90 days) or residents accounted for 1.3 percent of the total population in 2006. While no equivalent statistics are available for North Korea, given the data available, it seems safe to assume that the ethnic minority population in that country totals less than 1 percent. The Japanese also view themselves as a racially distinct and homogeneous people, despite the historical presence of foreigners and ethnic minorities. China is composed of a patchwork of ethnicities with around 55 state-recognized minority groups. However, according to the 2005 census, minorities accounted for only 9.4 percent of the overall population or 123 million people. Despite different levels of ethnic homogeneity, China, Korea, and Japan are witnessing a rise in international (and internal) migration over the past three decades. The recent increase of foreign migrant workers and spouses has challenged the dominant perceptions of ethnic homogeneity in Korea and Japan, while further strengthening the bonds of ethnic heterogeneity in China. These changes have not only forced a reshaping of the notions of identity and citizenship, but have also helped fuel the rise of various “reactive” forms of neo-nationalism, such as “state nationalism,” “ethnic nationalism,” and “cultural nationalism,” that attempt to fortify or recuperate ethnic or race-based definitions of national identity.

Nationalism and Politics of the Past: The Cases of Kosovo and Abkhazia

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt C. Harzl
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity ◽  
Violent Conflicts

AbstractBoth Kosovo and Abkhazia have been riven by violent conflicts which developed to full-scale wars in the 1990s. The central cause to both conflicts was the emergence of strong nationalist movements on all participating sides with a program calling not only for ethnic dominance of one group, but for ethnic homogeneity as such. This article will focus on the symbolic aspect in both cases through which fears, loyalties as well as mass hostilities were produced and reproduced by invoking past historical events. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with evidence that ethnic conflicts—and the humaniarian catastrophes which they cause—are not natural disasters but, rather, man-made and follow the mechanism of politicizing the present through lenses of the past.

scholarly journals RBMS, SPECIAL COLLECTIONS, AND THE CHALLENGE OF DIVERSITY: THE ROAD TO THE DIVERSITY ACTION PLAN

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-107
Author(s):  
Julie Grob
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The Road ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity ◽  
The Right

Anyone who has ever attended an RBMS preconference will have noticed the racial and ethnic homogeneity among the section’s members. In 1997, a survey in the RBMS newsletter revealed that 97 percent of RBMS members were white.1 Historically, RBMS has responded to the challenge of increasing diversity with some talk, but little action. The recent approval by the RBMS executive board of the Diversity Action Plan is a positive and long overdue step toward encouraging more diversity in the section. Making an effort to attract more members of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups to RBMS is the right thing to . . .

The embedded entrepreneur: Recognizing the strength of ethnic social ties

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Chung ◽  
Kim Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Homogeneity

This article is premised on the idea that social networks represent an important, but often overlooked, unit of analysis in management and entrepreneurship studies. The concept of embeddedness, emphasizing the significance of social relationships, is of particular relevance as more and more frequently minorities and immigrants engage in small businessownership. This article borrows from the ethnicity and social network traditions, and offers that an analysis of the ethnic homogeneity of an entrepreneur's strong and weak social ties would be fruitful in gauging entrepreneurial success.

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