The Theory of Differential Association

1972 ◽  
pp. 365-371
Keyword(s):  
Differential Association

Differential Association and Delinquency

1957 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Short, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Differential Association

scholarly journals Neural Response to Monetary and Social Feedback Demonstrate Differential Associations with Depression and Social Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady D Nelson ◽  
Johanna M Jarcho
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Differential Association ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Positive And Negative Feedback ◽  
Trial Structure

Abstract An aberrant neural response to rewards has been linked to both depression and social anxiety. Most studies have focused on the neural response to monetary rewards, and few have tested different modalities of reward (e.g., social) that are more salient to particular forms of psychopathology. In addition, most studies contain critical confounds, including contrasting positive and negative feedback and failing to disentangle being correct from obtaining positive feedback. In the present study, 204 participants underwent electroencephalography during monetary and social feedback tasks that were matched in trial structure, timing, and feedback stimuli. The reward positivity (RewP) was measured in response to correctly identifying stimuli that resulted in monetary win, monetary loss, social like, or social dislike feedback. All monetary and social tasks elicited a RewP, which were positively correlated. Across all tasks, the RewP was negatively associated with depression and positively associated with social anxiety. The RewP to social dislike feedback, independent of monetary and social like feedback, was also associated with social anxiety. The present study suggests that a domain-general neural response to correct feedback demonstrates a differential association with depression and social anxiety, but a domain-specific neural response to social dislike feedback is uniquely associated with social anxiety.

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