scholarly journals The impact of telematics on traffic safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Jelić ◽  
◽  
Maja Balenović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New Business ◽  
Business Approach ◽  
The Impact

The development of traffic that is conditioned by the high mobility of people, goods and services must be in line with the principles of sustainable development, but it is only possible if the consumption of renewable resources is less than natural renewal opportunities. The future is in implementation of innovative technologies such as telematics systems that offer not only technical solutions but also a new way of life, a new business approach and a new cultural aspect of living for all traffic participants. Advanced telematics solutions such as inflow management and speed limit management greatly help to solve traffic problems, like incidents, environmental pollution, traffic congestion, fuel consumption, etc. Impact of telematics can increase safety but can also introduce new risks for drivers that pose special challenges to traffic psychology and public health. In order to reduce traffic congestion, longer waiting times, environmental pollution, reduce fuel consumption in incident situation various advanced grammatical solutions have been implemented in order to reduce these problems. Telematics, using techniques such as informatics, optoelectronics, automatics and telecommunications, helps to reduce costs of transportation potential management, improves the security and reliability of the transportation service.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Method of Merging Landing Aircraft Streams in the Context of Fuel Consumption in the Airspace

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12859
Author(s):  
Anna Kwasiborska ◽  
Jacek Skorupski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The Impact

The most important directions in the field of sustainable development of air transport concern increasing the capacity of airports and improving the global civil aviation system, improving air traffic safety, and developing procedures to optimize the operation of the aviation system. An important area is environmental protection and measures to minimize the negative impact of civil aviation activities on the environment. Air traffic and the operation of airports generate adverse environmental effects, including greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise emissions. Due to the high intensity of aircraft maneuvers, the authors analyzed aircraft traffic in the area approaching the airport. It is essential to correctly line up for aircraft reporting from different entry points to the approach area to avoid waiting for landing. Misalignment of landing aircraft negatively impacts airport capacity, increases fuel consumption through more prolonged waiting times in space, and directly impacts air pollution. There are different ways to organize landing aircraft flows and other ways to merge these flows. The article aims to assess the method of combining the streams of landing aircraft and estimate the impact of such an organization on the increased fuel consumption of aircraft and thus on air pollution. The authors proposed a measure for assessing the quality of the landing queue, which was defined as the increase in flight time of aircraft in the approach area in relation to the nominal time, which was adopted as minimization. In order to obtain the results of research works, a model using a Petri net was developed, allowing for flexible mapping of concurrent processes and their effect analysis. Various methods of combining the streams of landing aircraft have been adopted: three-stage, two-stage, and single-stage. Then, simulation experiments were carried out, allowing the determination of whether the method of combining the streams of landing planes has an impact on the quality of the landing queue measured with the proposed index. The obtained results of the assessment can be used to estimate the increased fuel consumption of the aircraft.

scholarly journals The Impact of Congestion on the Costs of Public Transport in Starogard Gdański

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Marek Gierszewski ◽  
Aleksandra Koźlak
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Congestion in the urban transport network is common not only in large agglomerations, but also in medium-sized cities in all countries that are characterized by a high level of socio-economic development. Traffic congestion has negative impact on economic, social, and environment development. The costs of congestion are borne by all users of the transport system, both drivers, passengers, entities providing transport services, as well as enterprises using freight transport services. The purpose of the article is to discuss the results of the study on the impact of congestion on the costs of public transport in a medium-sized city. The research method consisted in the analysis of vehicle road cards, fuel consumption statements for buses belonging to the Municipal Transport Company in Starogard Gdański and the examination of real bus travel times and the scale of delays caused by congestion on individual lines. The analysis of the data shows that thecompany bears much higher costs of fuel consumption, and passengers are exposed to bus arrivals and departures inconsistently with the timetable, prompting them to opt out of public transport services. This results in lower revenues from ticket sales and deterioration of the company’s financial result.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on e-bike safety in China via multi-output and clustering-based regression models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256610
Author(s):  
Xingpei Yan ◽  
Zheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cluster 2

The impacts of COVID-19 on travel demand, traffic congestion, and traffic safety are attracting heated attention. However, the influence of the pandemic on electric bike (e-bike) safety has not been investigated. This paper fills the research gap by analyzing how COVID-19 affects China’s e-bike safety based on a province-level dataset containing e-bike safety metrics, socioeconomic information, and COVID-19 cases from 2017 to 2020. Multi-output regression models are adopted to investigate the overall impact of COVID-19 on e-bike safety in China. Clustering-based regression models are used to examine the heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 and the other explanatory variables in different provinces/municipalities. This paper confirms the high relevance between COVID-19 and the e-bike safety condition in China. The number of COVID-19 cases has a significant negative effect on the number of e-bike fatalities/injuries at the country level. Moreover, two clusters of provinces/municipalities are identified: one (cluster 1) with lower and the other (cluster 2 that includes Hubei province) higher number of e-bike fatalities/injuries. In the clustering-based regressions, the absolute coefficients of the COVID-19 feature for cluster 2 are much larger than those for cluster 1, indicating that the pandemic could significantly reduce e-bike safety issues in provinces with more e-bike fatalities/injuries.

scholarly journals Quantification of the Impact of a Ban on the Use of Gender in Life Insurance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Ondřej Poul
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Insurance Regulation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Impact

The paper explains the impact of insurance regulation to the pricing after ban of using sex life tables. On 1st March 2011, the Court of Justice decided that it is not possible for pricing to use lifetables based on sex diff erentiation. There would be a contradiction with the Directive 2004/113/ES that sets a principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services. This conclusion forced the insurers all over the Europe to create new prices and made an information asymmetry in favour of the clients. According to the theory, the market participants’ behaviour in imperfect information leads to a creation of a new market equilibrium. In practice, it results into the product designs adjustments. The impact of regulation into the fi nal price of insurance is quantified on the case of European insurers group. The other impact is the change in the structure of the insurance class in terms of representation of men and women in the new business.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Shared, Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Mobility – a Case Study of Milan

10.29007/2n4h ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Alazzawi ◽  
Mathias Hummel ◽  
Pascal Kordt ◽  
Thorsten Sickenberger ◽  
Christian Wieseotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transition Rate ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Recent technological advances in vehicle automation and connectivity have furthered the development of a wide range of innovative mobility concepts such as autonomous driving, on-demand services and electric mobility. Our study aimed at investigating the interplay of these concepts to efficiently reduce vehicle counts in urban environments, thereby reducing congestion levels and creating new public spaces to promote the quality of live in urban cities. For analysis, we implemented the aforementioned factors by introducing the concept of robo-taxis as an autonomous and shared mobility service. Using SUMO as the simulation framework, custom functionalities such as ride sharing, autonomous driving and advanced data processing were implemented as python methods via, and around, the TraCI interface. A passenger origin-destination matrix for our region of interest in Milan was derived from publically available mobile phone usage data and used for route input. Key evaluation parameters were the density-flow relationship, particulate-matter emissions, and person waiting- times. Based on these parameters, the critical transition rate from private cars to robo- taxis to reach a free-flow state was calculated. Our simulations show, that a transition rate of about 50% is required to achieve a significant reduction of traffic congestion levels in peak hours as indicated by mean travel times and vehicle flux. Assuming peak- shaving, e.g. through dynamic pricing promised by digitalization, of about 10%, the threshold transition rate drops to 30%. Based on these findings, we propose that introducing a robo-taxi fleet of 9500 vehicles, centered around mid-size 6 seaters, can solve traffic congestion and emission problems in Milan.

scholarly journals The Impact of Congestion Charging Technique on Traffic Flow and Atmospheric Pollution in Kuwait City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad AlRukaibi ◽  
◽  
Duaij AlRukaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz AlBurait ◽  
Ayedh Al-Mutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Congestion Charging

Traffic congestion is a major problem in high populated cities, due to the frequent increase on travel demand and exponential vehicles growth. Resulting in increased vehicle queuing and slows road speed which can led to increase delays, air pollution, and fuel consumption. Poor traffic management in the congested spot result in elongated traffic jam. Therefore, this study aims to reduce traffic congestion by applying congestion charging system which is an effective method to regulate demand without increasing supply. Kuwait City network was selected to perform the system. Kuwait City is a vital city that has a lot of governmental and commercial facilities which make the city crowded especially during the peak hours. The current condition was analyzed in SYNCHRO simulation software in order to compare it with the improved condition to confirm the applicability. The genetic algorithm will be used as a practical method to apply congestion pricing in order to provide optimized solutions that will be analyzed in SYNCHRO software to examine the performance of the network. The impacts of applying congestion pricing system were remarkable. From traffic point of view, the demand was regulated, also total delays and fuel consumption were improved. The reduction of total delay is ranged between 24.4% to 40.58%, and the reduction of fuel used is ranged between 36.76% to 60.89%. From an economical point of view, the user cost decreased in a range between 27.77% and 43.75%. In addition, from an environmental aspect the emissions of HC, CO and NOx improved significantly which improved air quality.

scholarly journals Relationship between heavy vehicle speed limit and fleet fuel consumption on minor roads

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (9) ◽  
pp. 1461-1478
Author(s):  
G Wilson ◽  
G Morrison ◽  
W Midgley ◽  
D Cebon
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Vehicle Trajectories ◽  
Model Fuel ◽  
Heavy Goods Vehicles

This paper investigates the traffic-related effects of a proposal to increase the speed limit from 40 mile/h to 50 mile/h, for heavy goods vehicles greater than 7.5 tonnes, on single carriageway roads. A ‘microscopic’ single carriageway traffic simulation is developed by combining the ‘enhanced intelligent driver model’ with a single carriageway gap-acceptance passing model. Fuel consumption estimates are made using engine characteristic maps and a ‘fuel optimal’ gear selection scheme, where vehicle trajectories from the traffic simulations are taken as input drive-cycles. Traffic congestion and fleet fuel consumption are specifically addressed, though implications regarding passing behaviour and traffic safety are also noted. Results indicate that the proposed 50 mile/h heavy goods vehicles speed limit would reduce traffic congestion by over 37% and increase fleet fuel consumption by approximately 0.5 L/100 km.

Cost-Benefit Criteria for Urban Public Transport Subsidies

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Dodgson ◽  
N Topham
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Service Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In this paper cost-benefit rules for public transport subsidies are considered. Recent applications of cost-benefit analysis to the appraisal of bus service provision are surveyed, and justifications for public transport subsidy considered. The authors derive the cost-benefit ratio appropriate for considering the benefits to public transport users of a fare reduction financed through increased local taxation on housing services. The cost-benefit rules are then extended to allow for the impact of Central Government assistance through grants-in-aid, and to incorporate allowances for external benefits in the form of reduced road traffic congestion and for income distributional considerations. A cost-benefit rule appropriate for assessing the case for service-level improvements which reduce passenger waiting times is also noted.

scholarly journals Effect of Additives to Premium on Fuel Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Raybian Nur
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

The use of internal combustion motors has various positive and negative impacts. A large number of motorized vehicles affect the high demand for fuel. Fuel oil is a vital economic object because it dramatically influences the financial entity, namely the increase in goods and services. What can do several things to reduce the high demand for this fuel, namely by looking for alternative fuels or finding fuel economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adding additives to fuel on fuel consumption. The research method applies an experimental procedure in which the percentage of mixing premium fuel with additives between camphor and eco racing with a content of 1 - 4 grams of additive for each sample tested on a vehicle. The results obtained are adding additives the properties of premium fuels change in terms of fuel consumption where the addition of several types of additives can reduce the rate of fuel consumption. The results obtained are that with the addition of these additives, the fuel consumption becomes more efficient by a difference of approximately 6 ml/minute.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ENSURING FINANCIAL RESULTS MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Peniak ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Horokhovatska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of any enterprise in the market economy is to obtain high financial results. One of the main conditions for the effective functioning of the enterprise is ability to generate profit in the amount that will create the financial basis for further development and expansion of the enterprise, comply with social and material needs, ensure competitiveness in the market of goods and services. The need for accounting and analytical management of financial results stems from needs of owners, the state and employees in information that will enable them to identify patterns and trends in financial results, identify and assess the main factors influencing the process of their creation, distribution and usage, identify reserves and thus increase the level of profitability. Despite the significant scientific contribution in the field of research of financial results of the enterprises, the issue of improvement aims to the accounting and analytical maintenance of management of financial results of the enterprise remains actual. That is why the purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and practical aspects and develop approaches to improving the mechanism of formation of accounting and analytical support for the management of financial results of the enterprise. Accounting and analytical management of financial results of the enterprise is a set of interconnected elements of production and management system, activities carried out by the subject of management, creation of a certain structure, as well as collection, accumulation, storage and analysis of information necessary for effective operation of the enterprise. The main components of the study of accounting and analytical support of financial performance management are the formation of methods of analysis, control and forecasting of financial results, which requires specification of the components of the analytical and controlled process within the organizational and information model. Namely, the formation of reliable information about the financial condition of the enterprise, the analysis of economic indicators of the enterprise is of great importance in the system of general evaluation of business entities. Their research makes it possible to assess the dynamics of the structure of income and expenses, to determine the impact of factors on the company's profit from various activities, as well as to find reserves to increase the net profit of enterprises. Thus, the improvement of accounting and analytical support of enterprise management is based on the use of modern forms, methods and principles that place new demands on the formation of unbiased, complete, timely, clear and useful accounting and analytical information about the enterprise and its financial results.

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