scholarly journals Copper sulphosalts in early metallurgy (2600–1900 BC) – chemical-mineralogical investigation of artefacts from southern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula BUGAJ ◽  
Krzysztof NEJBERT ◽  
Sławomir ILNICKI ◽  
Piotr WIECIŃSKI ◽  
Tomasz ONYSZCZUK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Poland ◽  
Early Metallurgy ◽  
Mineralogical Investigation

Phosphorus minerals in tonstein; coal seam 405 at Sośnica-Makoszowy coal mine, Upper Silesia, southern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kokowska-Pawłowska ◽  
Jacek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract Kokowska-Pawłowska, M. and Nowak, J. 2013. Phosphorus minerals in tonstein; coal seam 405 at Sośnica- Makoszowy coal mine, Upper Silesia, southern Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63 (2), 271-281. Warszawa. The paper presents results of research on tonstein, which constitutes an interburden in coal seam 405 at the Sośnica- Makoszowy coal mine, Makoszowy field (mining level 600 m), Upper Silesia, southern Poland. The mineral and chemical compositions of the tonstein differ from the typical compositions described earlier for tonsteins from Upper Silesia Coal Basin area. Additionally, minerals present in the tonsteins include kaolinite, quartz, kaolinitised biotite and feldspars. The presence of the phosphatic minerals apatite and goyazite has been recognized. The presence of gorceixite and crandallite is also possible. The contents of CaO (5.66 wt%) and P2O5 (6.2 wt%) are remarkably high. Analysis of selected trace elements demonstrated high contents of Sr (4937 ppm) and Ba (4300 ppm), related to the phosphatic minerals. On the basis of mineral composition the tonstein has been identified as a crystalline tonstein, transitional to a multiplied one.

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gubała ◽  
Bronisław Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Rhinolophus Hipposideros ◽  
Outer Carpathians ◽  
Horseshoe Bat

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland) Six bat species were observed during winter censuses in years 2005-2009: Lesser horseshoe bat, Mouse-eared bat, Daubenton's bat, Whiskered/Brandt's bat, Northern bat and Brown long-eared bat. Rhinolophus hipposideros was most numerous (67% of all bats recorded). Largest hibernaculum on Polish side of range was mine Bania w Jarmucie, with maximum 29 bats during a single control, through the years of research number of species and individuals was increasing. Rarely seen in Outer Carpathians Eptesicus nilssonii winter roost was found in Homole Ravine Reserve.

Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szeliga ◽  
Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽  
Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽  
Veronika Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Vistula River

Abstract The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6th and in the first half of 5th millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature. One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.

scholarly journals Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljana Radivojević ◽  
Benjamin W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Metal Production ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Tin Bronze ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Early Metallurgy

AbstractThis paper analyses and re-evaluates current explanations and interpretations of the origins, development and societal context of metallurgy in the Balkans (c. 6200–3700 BC). The early metallurgy in this region encompasses the production, distribution and consumption of copper, gold, tin bronze, lead and silver. The paper draws upon a wide range of existing archaeometallurgical and archaeological data, the diversity and depth of which make the Balkans one of the most intensively investigated of all early metallurgical heartlands across the world. We focus specifically on the ongoing debates relating to (1) the independent invention and innovation of different metals and metal production techniques; (2) the analysis and interpretation of early metallurgical production cores and peripheries, and their collapses; and (3) the relationships between metals, metallurgy and society. We argue that metal production in the Balkans throughout this period reflects changes in the organisation of communities and their patterns of cooperation, rather than being the fundamental basis for the emergence of elites in an increasingly hierarchical society.

scholarly journals Impacts of vegetation and palaeohydrological changes on the n-alkane composition of a Holocene peat sequence from the Upper Vistula Valley (southern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Skreczko ◽  
Artur Szymczyk ◽  
Weronika Nadłonek
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Large River ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Central European ◽  
Plant Macrofossil ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Conditions

Abstract Purpose The analysis of n-alkanes in palaeoenvironmental studies of peatlands is mainly limited to ombrogenous peatlands which are a rare feature in the environment. Using n-alkane and plant macrofossil analysis, we have tracked changes in the environment in the valley of a large Central European river. We tested the possibilities for applying such studies to low-moor bogs which are the most commonly occurring type of bog in the world. Materials and methods Representative peat samples were taken from two profiles in a peatland located in the Vistula Valley (southern Poland), and they were analysed for the occurrence and distribution of biomarkers. The distribution of n-alkanes was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The botanical composition of the samples was determined by analysis of plant macrofossil remains, and the degree of peat decomposition was also determined. Results and discussion Samples of low-moor peat were characterised by a prevalence of medium- and long-chain n-alkane homologues, which is typical for higher plants. The variable values of the CPI, CPI (25–31), and the C23/C25 ratio have provided information on the stages of formation of the Zapadź bog. The source of n-alkane differentiation is vegetation change related to palaeohydrological dynamics and palaeoenvironmental conditions within the peatland. Conclusions We have shown that analysis of n-alkanes can be successfully used in low-moor bogs as a complement to palaeobotanical and palaeozoological methods. The bringing together of these types of research enables changes in the ecosystems of large river valleys to be tracked.

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