scholarly journals Coalified bitumens from the Kłodawa Salt Structure (central Poland) as evidence of migration of hydrothermal fluids in Zechstein (Upper Permian) deposits

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian WAGNER ◽  
Stanisław BURLIGA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Salt Structure

scholarly journals Half a century of research on diatoms in athalassic habitats in central Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Żelazna-Wieczorek ◽  
Rafał M. Olszyński ◽  
Paulina Nowicka-Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Change ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Zechstein Salt ◽  
Halophilic Species ◽  
The Village

AbstractPart of the geology in the Łódź province was formed during the Upper Permian period when rich Zechstein salt was deposited. Groundwater drains the deposits and flows out in the village of Pełczyska, creating a unique hydrogeological site in Central Poland. An inland, athalassic ecosystem can be a reference site for halophile microflora. The outflow with surrounding marshes has been an algological research site since 1964.The research reveals changes recorded in diatom assemblages from athalassic habitats, characterized by a wide range of salinity levels, and verifies the tolerance of taxa to salinity. The comparative analysis was based on the diatom material sampled in 1964-1965, 1992-1994 and on recently collected samples.The analysis revealed the temporal change in assemblages caused by a change in the chloride concentration, and the spatial change from one to another habitat type, characterized by varying salinity levels. The halophilic species in the studied habitats included e.g. Halamphora dominici, H. tenerrima, Navicula digitoconvergens, N. meulemansii, Staurophora salina. The analysis of changes allowed the verification of the species’ requirements and tolerance range to the salinity factor. Therefore, in the case of Fragilaria famelica and Halamphora sydowii, we propose a change in the halobion system classification.

scholarly journals Reservoir evaluation of Upper Permian buildups in the Jameson Land basin, East Greenland

1991 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
L Stemmerik
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Migration ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Reservoir Evaluation ◽  
Reservoir Potential

The Upper Permian Wegener Halvø Formation buildups form an important reservoir target in the Jameson Land basin. Due to absence of subsurface information from the basin, reservoir properties of the buildups are tentatively evaluated by timing the different diagenetic modifications seen in outcrop relative to hydrocarbon migration.The buildups became cemented during deposition and the ultimate porosity was dose to zero. Post-depositional porosity appears to be related to freshwater dissolution of aragonite cement during Permian exposure events. Reservoir potential is mainly confined to the buildup cores and the proximal flank deposits. Porosity prior to hydrocarbon migration is estimated to average 10% in the buildups and 5–6% in the proximal flank deposits. Pores became filled by hydrocarbons probably in the Late Cretaceous; the reservoirs became flushed by hot, hydrothermal fluids c. 20 Ma ago and pores are now filled by iron-rich calcite, baryte and fluorite. The flushing of the reservoir may be related to the Tertiary uplift of Wegener Halvø, and it is most likely a local event not affecting the basin as a whole.

Salt tectonics versus delamination of the supra-salt cover during extension and compression – 3D geometry and Mesozoic evolution of the Goleniów salt structure, NW Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grzybowski ◽  
Piotr Krzywiec
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Growth Strata ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
Salt Structure ◽  
Half Graben

<p>The Goleniów salt structure (GSS) is located in the NW part of the Polish Basin which belongs to a system of Permian-Mesozoic epicontinental sedimentary basins of the Western and Central Europe. Its axial part (so called Mid Polish Trough – MPT) was filled with several kilometres of sediments, mainly siliciclastic and carbonates but also with Zechstein (Upper Permian) evaporites. The Polish Basin was fully inverted in Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. The presence of thick layer of evaporites led formation of diverse salt structures. The study area is located within the SW flank of the MPT, characterized by presence of numerous salt and salt-related structures. One of them is NNW-SSE oriented Goleniów structure which extends over 25 km with the salt diapir (salt wall) in its NNW part. Interpretation of the dense array of 2D seismic reflection profiles allowed for the construction of the 3D model of the GSS and assess its spatial evolution including significant role of delamination of the supra-salt Mesozoic sedimentary cover during both extension (basin subsidence) as well as compression (basin inversion).</p><p>NNW part of the Goleniów structure is formed by a well-developed salt diapir (salt wall). Its evolution started in Late Triassic when regional extension triggered formation of the asymmetric reactive diapir. After Late Triassic-Early Jurassic active piercement, diapir continued its growth as a passive diapir due to a regional extensional tectonic regime. In Middle and Late Jurassic, insufficient amount of salt in the source layer led to diapir burial. Further extension caused diapir to fall. This resulted in Early Cretaceous localised extension within the crestal part of the diapir and formation of a half-graben filled with Lower Cretaceous sediments of increased thickness. The Goleniów structure was significantly re-shaped during Late Cretaceous inversion of the Polish Basin. GSS was rejuvenated and started to growth which led to roof uplift and its partial erosion. This progressive compression-related Late Cretaceous growth is very well documented by growth strata preserved above the diapir. Finally, after completion of inversion of the Polish Basin, salt crest reached in Cenozoic groundwater active circulation zone which in turn caused its dissolution and eventually development of the dissolution-collapse trough filled with Cenozoic sediments with increased thickness.</p><p>The style of the deformation alongstrike changes toward the SSE where, due to smaller amount of evaporites salt diapir did not form and was replaced by a complex zone of thin-skinned deformation detached within Zechstein evaporites. First, thin-skinned half-graben was formed during Late Triassic-Early Jurassic extensional phase. It was then compressionally reactivated during basin inversion and this led to enhanced delamination and then thrusting within the Upper Triassic (Keuper) section. Complex backthrusting and local wedging was related to formation of a secondary detachment level within Keuper evaporites and resulted in formation of "fish tail" structure. Backthrusting was associated with substantial folding of hangingwall strata.</p>

On the Faceting of Polar Ceramic Surfaces: Microscopy and Holography Studies of MGO(111) Surfaces

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska ◽  
B. G. Frost ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
Polar Surfaces ◽  
Salt Structure ◽  
Crystallographic Planes

Polar surfaces are those crystallographic faces of ionically bonded solids which, when bulk terminated, have excess surface charge and a non-zero dipole moment perpendicular to the surface. In the case of crystals with a rock salt structure, {111} faces are the exemplary polar surfaces. It is commonly believed that such polar surfaces facet into neutral crystallographic planes to minimize their surface energy. This assumption is based on the seminal work of Henrich which has shown faceting of the MgO(111) surface into {100} planes giving rise to three sided pyramids that have been observed by scanning electron microscopy. These surfaces had been prepared by mechanical polishing and phosphoric acid etching, followed by Ar+ sputtering and 1400 K annealing in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). More recent reflection electron microscopy studies of MgO(111) surfaces, annealed in the presence of oxygen at higher temperatures, have revealed relatively flat surfaces stabilized by an oxygen rich reconstruction. In this work we employ a combination of optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron holography to further study the issue of surface faceting.

Twin Boundary in Bechgaard Salt: Structure and Unusual Dynamics

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mukoujima ◽  
K. Kawabata ◽  
T. Sambongi
Keyword(s):  
Twin Boundary ◽  
Salt Structure ◽  
Bechgaard Salt

A distribution atlas of legally protected ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) occurring in the Łódź Province, central Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Radomir Jaskuła ◽  
Anna Stępień ◽  
Przemysław Włodarczyk ◽  
Iwona Słowińska-Krysiak
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Distribution Atlas

Hydrothermal activity in the Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation of central East Greenland – a study of sulphide morphotypes

1998 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Jesper Kresten Nielsen ◽  
Mikael Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Base Metal ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Alum Shale

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Kresten Nielsen, J., & Pedersen, M. (1998). Hydrothermal activity in the Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation of central East Greenland – a study of sulphide morphotypes. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 180, 81-87. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v180.5090 _______________ Bituminous shales of the Ravnefjeld Formation were deposited in the subsiding East Greenland basin during the Upper Permian. The shales are exposed from Jameson Land in the south (71°N; Fig. 1) to Clavering Ø in the north (74°20′N) and have attracted considerable attention due to their high potential as hydrocarbon source rocks (Piasecki & Stemmerik 1991; Scholle et al. 1991; Christiansen et al. 1992, 1993a, b). Furthermore, enrichment of lead, zinc and copper has been known in the Ravnefjeld Formation on Wegener Halvø since 1968 (Lehnert-Thiel 1968; Fig. 1). This mineralisation was assumed to be of primary or early diagenetic origin due to similarities with the central European Kupferschiefer (Harpøth et al. 1986). Later studies, however, suggested base metal mineralisation in the immediately underlying carbonate reefs to be Tertiary in age (Stemmerik 1991). Due to geographical coincidence between the two types of mineralisation, a common history is a likely assumption, but a timing paradox exists. A part of the TUPOLAR project on the ‘Resources of the sedimentary basins of North and East Greenland’ has been dedicated to re-investigation of the mineralisation in the Ravnefjeld Formation in order to determine the genesis of the mineralisation and whether or not primary or early diagenetic base metal enrichment has taken place on Wegener Halvø, possibly in relation to an early period of hydrothermal activity. One approach to this is to study the various sulphides in the Ravnefjeld Formation; this is carried out in close co-operation with a current Ph.D. project at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Diagenetically formed pyrite is a common constituent of marine shales and the study of pyrite morphotypes has previously been successful from thermalli immature parts of elucidating depositional environment and thermal effects in the Alum Shale Formation of Scandinavia (Nielsen 1996; Nielsen et al. 1998). The present paper describes the preliminary results of a similar study on pyrite from thermally immature parts of the Ravnefjeld Formation which, combined with the study of textures of base metal sulphides in the Wegener Halvø area (Fig. 1), may provide an important step in the evaluation of the presence or absence of early thermal activity on (or below) the Upper Permian sea floor.

Sequence stratigraphy of source and reservoir rocks in the Upper Permian and Jurassic of Jameson Land, East Greenland

1998 ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Stemmerik ◽  
Gregers Dam ◽  
Nanna Noe-Nygaard ◽  
Stefan Piasecki ◽  
Finn Surlyk
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Reservoir Rocks

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Stemmerik, L., Dam, G., Noe-Nygaard, N., Piasecki, S., & Surlyk, F. (1998). Sequence stratigraphy of source and reservoir rocks in the Upper Permian and Jurassic of Jameson Land, East Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 180, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v180.5085 _______________ Approximately half of the hydrocarbons discovered in the North Atlantic petroleum provinces are found in sandstones of latest Triassic – Jurassic age with the Middle Jurassic Brent Group, and its correlatives, being the economically most important reservoir unit accounting for approximately 25% of the reserves. Hydrocarbons in these reservoirs are generated mainly from the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay and its correlatives with additional contributions from Middle Jurassic coal, Lower Jurassic marine shales and Devonian lacustrine shales. Equivalents to these deeply buried rocks crop out in the well-exposed sedimentary basins of East Greenland where more detailed studies are possible and these basins are frequently used for analogue studies (Fig. 1). Investigations in East Greenland have documented four major organic-rich shale units which are potential source rocks for hydrocarbons. They include marine shales of the Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation (Fig. 2), the Middle Jurassic Sortehat Formation and the Upper Jurassic Hareelv Formation (Fig. 4) and lacustrine shales of the uppermost Triassic – lowermost Jurassic Kap Stewart Group (Fig. 3; Surlyk et al. 1986b; Dam & Christiansen 1990; Christiansen et al. 1992, 1993; Dam et al. 1995; Krabbe 1996). Potential reservoir units include Upper Permian shallow marine platform and build-up carbonates of the Wegener Halvø Formation, lacustrine sandstones of the Rhaetian–Sinemurian Kap Stewart Group and marine sandstones of the Pliensbachian–Aalenian Neill Klinter Group, the Upper Bajocian – Callovian Pelion Formation and Upper Oxfordian – Kimmeridgian Hareelv Formation (Figs 2–4; Christiansen et al. 1992). The Jurassic sandstones of Jameson Land are well known as excellent analogues for hydrocarbon reservoirs in the northern North Sea and offshore mid-Norway. The best documented examples are the turbidite sands of the Hareelv Formation as an analogue for the Magnus oil field and the many Paleogene oil and gas fields, the shallow marine Pelion Formation as an analogue for the Brent Group in the Viking Graben and correlative Garn Group of the Norwegian Shelf, the Neill Klinter Group as an analogue for the Tilje, Ror, Ile and Not Formations and the Kap Stewart Group for the Åre Formation (Surlyk 1987, 1991; Dam & Surlyk 1995; Dam et al. 1995; Surlyk & Noe-Nygaard 1995; Engkilde & Surlyk in press). The presence of pre-Late Jurassic source rocks in Jameson Land suggests the presence of correlative source rocks offshore mid-Norway where the Upper Jurassic source rocks are not sufficiently deeply buried to generate hydrocarbons. The Upper Permian Ravnefjeld Formation in particular provides a useful source rock analogue both there and in more distant areas such as the Barents Sea. The present paper is a summary of a research project supported by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy (Piasecki et al. 1994). The aim of the project is to improve our understanding of the distribution of source and reservoir rocks by the application of sequence stratigraphy to the basin analysis. We have focused on the Upper Permian and uppermost Triassic– Jurassic successions where the presence of source and reservoir rocks are well documented from previous studies. Field work during the summer of 1993 included biostratigraphic, sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic studies of selected time slices and was supplemented by drilling of 11 shallow cores (Piasecki et al. 1994). The results so far arising from this work are collected in Piasecki et al. (1997), and the present summary highlights the petroleum-related implications.

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