scholarly journals Non-lethal approach identifies variability of δ15N values in the fin rays of Atlantic Goliath Grouper, Epinephelus itajara

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orian Tzadik ◽  
Ethan Goddard ◽  
David J Hollander ◽  
Christopher Koenig ◽  
Christopher D. Stallings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
The West ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Goliath Grouper ◽  
Isotopic Records ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper, Epinephelus itajara, is critically-endangered throughout its range but has begun to show initial signs of recovery in Florida state waters. As the population continues to rebound, researchers face a pressing need to fill the knowledge gaps about this iconic species. Here, we examined the δ15N isotopic records in fin rays collected from Atlantic Goliath Grouper, and related changes of isotopic ratios over time to life history characteristics. Fin-ray analysis was used as a non-lethal technique to sample individuals from two locations at similar latitudes from the west and east coasts of Florida, U.S.A. δ15N data were acquired by mechanically separating the annuli of each fin ray and then analyzing the material in an Irradiance Elemental Analyzer Mass Spectrometer. The δ15N values were consistent among individuals within populations from each coast of Florida, and mirrored the expected changes over the lives of the fish. Overall, differences were found between δ15N values at juvenile life history phases versus adult phases, but the patterns associated with these differences were unique to each coastal group. We demonstrated, for the first time, that δ15N values from fin rays can be used to assess the life histories of Atlantic Goliath Grouper. The non-lethal strategies outlined here can be used to acquire information essential to the management of species of concern, such as those that are threatened or endangered.

scholarly journals Non-lethal approach identifies variability of δ15N values in the fin rays of Atlantic Goliath Grouper, Epinephelus itajara

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orian Tzadik ◽  
Ethan Goddard ◽  
David J Hollander ◽  
Christopher Koenig ◽  
Christopher D. Stallings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
The West ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Goliath Grouper ◽  
Isotopic Records ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper, Epinephelus itajara, is critically-endangered throughout its range but has begun to show initial signs of recovery in Florida state waters. As the population continues to rebound, researchers face a pressing need to fill the knowledge gaps about this iconic species. Here, we examined the δ15N isotopic records in fin rays collected from Atlantic Goliath Grouper, and related changes of isotopic ratios over time to life history characteristics. Fin-ray analysis was used as a non-lethal technique to sample individuals from two locations at similar latitudes from the west and east coasts of Florida, U.S.A. δ15N data were acquired by mechanically separating the annuli of each fin ray and then analyzing the material in an Irradiance Elemental Analyzer Mass Spectrometer. The δ15N values were consistent among individuals within populations from each coast of Florida, and mirrored the expected changes over the lives of the fish. Overall, differences were found between δ15N values at juvenile life history phases versus adult phases, but the patterns associated with these differences were unique to each coastal group. We demonstrated, for the first time, that δ15N values from fin rays can be used to assess the life histories of Atlantic Goliath Grouper. The non-lethal strategies outlined here can be used to acquire information essential to the management of species of concern, such as those that are threatened or endangered.

The life histories of north-temperate populations of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Hamr ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
First Time

The life histories of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni were studied in the Kawartha Lakes region of southern Ontario. There were marked differences in their breeding and molting cycles compared with the familiar pattern of the Orconectes species of this region. Egg extrusion occurred later (July in C. robustus, June in C. bartoni), and juveniles therefore did not become free living until late summer or early fall. With little growing time in their first summer, they measured only 5–10 mm in carapace length (CPL) before growth ceased for the winter. At the end of their second summer the still immature crayfish measured 17–26 mm CPL in C. robustus and 13–20 mm CPL in C. bartoni. Maturity was therefore not attained until the end of the third summer, when most C. robustus matured at 34–45 mm CPL and C. bartoni at 25–30 mm CPL. The majority of individuals apparently reproduced for the first time during their fourth summer; a few apparently survived into another summer, reaching carapace lengths greater than 50 mm in C. robustus and 30 mm in C. bartoni. In males of both species, form 1 and form 2 occur throughout the summer. Although lacking the synchrony of Orconectes species, breeding and molting activities are still confined to the period between April and October. The timing of the life-history events observed in these two Cambarus species may be adaptations to seasonal stresses of the swift water environments that these species inhabit as well as to the relative harshness of the northern temperate climate.

STUDIES OF WESTERN TREE RUSTS: IV. UREDINOPSIS HASHIOKAI AND U. PTERIDIS CAUSING PERENNIAL NEEDLE RUST OF FIR

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Ziller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Bracken Fern ◽  
First Time

Observations in the field and the results of inoculation experiments show that perennial needle rust of fir (Abies spp.), known as Peridermium pseudo-balsameum (Diet. & Holw.) Arth. & Kern, is caused by Uredinopsis hashiokai Hirats. f. and U. pteridis Diet. & Holw. (U. macrosperma Magn.), which complete their life cycles on bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kühn var. lanuginosum (Bong.) Fern.). The pycnial and aecial states of Uredinopsis hashiokai are described, and for the first time the life histories of U. hashiokai and U. pteridis are presented. The two species are indistinguishable from each other in life history, host relationship, and morphology of most of the spore states; they differ from each other in their geographical distribution and in the morphology of their urediniospores. It remains unknown which of the two species of Uredinopsis represents the perfect state of Peridermium pseudo-balsameum. Uredinopsis aspera Faull proved to be a later synonym of U. hashiokai. U. hashiokai is noteworthy because of its similarity to U. pteridis, and both species are unusual in development of their spore states on fir, particularly in the long periods required for maturation of the aecia, which are produced from localized, perennial mycelium 4 to 11 months after infection in Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. and A. grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. respectively.

scholarly journals Genesis of self-identity as DisOther: Life histories of people who stutter

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Kathard ◽  
Mershen Pillay ◽  
Michael Samuel ◽  
Vijay Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
South African ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Life History Methodology ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the processes shaping self-identity formation as DisOther and the actions of participants who stutter. It illuminates the experiences of adults who stutter using a biographical, narrative, life history methodology. The participants were seven South African adults of diverse racial, social and economic backgrounds from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Five males and two female were invited to participate via purposive and convenience sampling processes. Their stories of living with stuttering in their life worlds over time were constructed via biographical interviews using personal, social and temporal lenses typical of life history methodology. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed at two levels using a combination of strategies. The first level entailed a narrative analysis that was represented as research stories for each participant. The cross-case and thematic analysis of research stories constituted the second level analysis of narratives. The findings explain the complex and interrelated personal and social processes over time which contribute to the genesis of self-identity formation as DisOther. Social inscriptions of difference occurred in immediate home, school and work contexts over time via multiple processes such as labelling, norming, judging and teasing. Personal processes included discoveries of difference via critical events, repeated reinforcement of difference, self-judgement and temporal burdening. Furthermore, the actions participants took in negotiating stuttering were examined. The implications of the findings and limitations of the study are presented.

scholarly journals LIFE HISTORY NOTES ON SOME WEST INDIAN COENAGRIONINE DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA)

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
James G. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The West

In the following pages I wish to bring together some scattered notes and observations on the life histories of a number of West Indian damselflies observed during five recent visits to the West Indies.

scholarly journals No early gender effects on energetic status and life history in a salmonid

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 150441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Régnier ◽  
Jacques Labonne ◽  
Joëlle Chat ◽  
Ayaka Yano ◽  
Yann Guiguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gender Specific

Throughout an organism's early development, variations in physiology and behaviours may have long lasting consequences on individual life histories. While a large part of variation in critical life-history transitions remains unexplained, a significant proportion may be caused by early gender effects as part of gender-specific life histories shaped by sexual selection. In this study, we investigated the presence of early gender effects on the timing of emergence from gravel and the energetic status of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) early stages. To investigate this question, individual measures of emergence timing, metabolic rate and energetic content were coupled for the first time with the use of a recent genetic marker for sdY (sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome), a master sex-determining gene. Our results show that gender does not influence the energetic content of emerging juveniles or their emergence timing. These findings suggest that gender differences may appear later throughout salmonid life history and that selective pressures associated with the critical period of emergence from gravel may shape early life-history traits similarly in both males and females.

Validity of age estimates from muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) fin rays and associated effects on estimates of growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek P. Crane ◽  
Marinda R. Cornett ◽  
Cory J. Bauerlien ◽  
Michael L. Hawkins ◽  
Daniel A. Isermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Esox Masquinongy ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Age Estimates

Accurate age estimates are critical for understanding life histories of fishes and developing management strategies for fish populations. However, validation of age estimates requires known-age fish, which are often lacking. We used known-age (ages 1–25) muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) to determine the precision and accuracy of age estimates from fin rays. We also determined whether fin location (anal or pelvic), fin ray number, and preparation methods affected accuracy and precision. Lastly, we determined whether von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from fin ray ages were similar to parameters estimated from known ages. Precision and accuracy of age estimates from anal and pelvic rays were similar and estimates were relatively precise (coefficient of variation = 8.5%) and accurate (mean absolute difference from known age = 0.85 years) for ages 4–15, but ages were overestimated for younger fish and underestimated for older fish. Growth models based on estimated age were similar to models based on known age. Anal and pelvic rays offer a nonlethal alternative for age estimation of muskellunge ages 4–15 and for producing reliable estimates of growth.

New records of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra (West Siberia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
I. V. Stavishenko
Keyword(s):  
Animal Ecology ◽  
New Records ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
The West ◽  
First Time ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous ◽  
Aphyllophoroid Fungi

The paper provides data on records of 29 species of aphyllophoroid fungi new for the the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra. Among them 10 species (Amaurodon cyaneus, Amyloxenasma allantosporum, Asterostroma laxum, Byssoporia terrestris, Paullicorticium pearsonii, Pseudomerulius montanus, Sistotrema sernanderi, Skeletocutis alutacea, S. ochroalba, Tubulicrinis orientalis) are published for the first time for Siberia, and 3 species (Scytinostroma praestans, Tomentellopsis zygodesmoides, Tubulicrinis strangulatus) are new for the West Siberia. Data on their locations, habitats and substrates in region are indicated. The specimens are kept in the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the RAS (SVER).

Israel’s Ground Forces in the Occupied Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Eyal Ben-Ari ◽  
Uzi Ben-Shalom
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Institutional Autonomy ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
The West ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Media Monitoring ◽  
Israel Defense Forces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) routinely rotate ground forces in and out of the Occupied Territories in the West Bank. While these troops are trained for soldiering in high-intensity wars, in the Territories they have long had to carry out a variety of policing activities. These activities often exist in tension with their soldierly training and ethos, both of which center on violent encounters. IDF ground forces have adapted to this situation by maintaining a hierarchy of ‘logics of action’, in which handling potentially hostile encounters takes precedence over other forms of policing. Over time, this hierarchy has been adapted to the changed nature of contemporary conflict, in which soldiering is increasingly exposed to multiple forms of media, monitoring, and juridification. To maintain its public legitimacy and institutional autonomy, the IDF has had to adapt to the changes imposed on it by creating multiple mechanisms of force generation and control of soldierly action.

The AKP’s Foreign Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Kubilay Arin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Western State ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Over Time

When Turkey’s Justice and Development Part (AKP) came to power in 2002, it brought a new strategy to foreign policy. Some scholars ascribed this reorientation to the rise of neo-Ottomanism, others to Islamization, and yet others to a Middle Easternization of foreign policy. All labels have one element in common: They give weight to Islam and Turkey’s imperial past as soft power assetsin the conduct of foreign policy by rejecting secular Kemalism in the country’s diplomacy. The AKP capitalized on Turgut Özal’s neo-Ottomanist foreign policy and Necmettin Erbakan’s multi-dimensional foreign policy by using Turkey’s pivotal geopolitical location to transform it into a global actor. The ongoing Islamic revival has caused the country’s attempted full westernization to slow down. But the West itself is hardly a monolithic bloc, given its own many internal cultural, linguistic,religious, political, and economic differences. I therefore describe Turkey as a “hybrid,” a modern and developing “semi-western” state, and argue that over time it will become ever more “socially conservative.”

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