scholarly journals A reappraisal of the Middle Triassic chirotheriid Chirotherium ibericus Navás, 1906 (Iberian Range NE Spain), with comments on the Triassic tetrapod track biochronology of the Iberian Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Diego Castanera ◽  
José Manuel J.M. Gasca ◽  
José Ignacio Canudo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Vertebrate Tracks ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Triassic vertebrate tracks are known from the beginning of the 19th century and have a worldwide distribution. Several Triassic track ichnoassemblages and ichnotaxa have a restricted stratigraphic range and are useful in biochronology and biostratigraphy. The record of Triassic tracks in the Iberian Peninsula has gone almost unnoticed although more than 25 localities have been described since 1897. In one of these localities, the naturalist Longinos Navás described the ichnotaxon Chirotherium ibericus in 1906.The vertebrate tracks are in two sandy slabs from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of the Moncayo massif (Zaragoza, Spain). In a recent revision, new, previously undescribed vertebrate tracks have been identified. The tracks considered to be C. ibericus as well as other tracks with the same morphology from both slabs have been classified as Chirotherium barthii. The rest of the tracks have been assigned to Chirotheriidae indet., Rhynchosauroides isp. and undetermined material. This new identification of C. barthii at the Navás site adds new data to the Iberian record of this ichnotaxon, which is characterized by the small size of the tracks when compared with the main occurrences of this ichnotaxon elsewhere. As at the Navás tracksite, the Anisian C. barthii-Rhynchosauroides ichnoassemblage has been found in other coeval localities in Iberia and worldwide. This ichnoassemblage belongs to the upper Olenekian-lower Anisian interval according to previous biochronological proposals. Analysis of the Triassic Iberian record of tetrapod tracks is uneven in terms of abundance over time. From the earliest Triassic to the latest Lower Triassic the record is very scarce, with Rhynchosauroides being the only known ichnotaxon. Rhynchosauroides covers a wide temporal range and gives poor information for biochronology. The record from the uppermost Lower Triassic to the Middle Triassic is abundant. The highest ichnodiversity has been reported for the Anisian with an assemblage composed of Dicynodontipus, Procolophonichnium, Rhynchosauroides, Rotodactylus, Chirotherium, Isochirotherium, Coelurosaurichnus and Paratrisauropus. The Iberian track record from the Anisian is coherent with the global biochronology proposed for Triassic tetrapod tracks. Nevertheless, the scarcity of track occurrences during the late Olenekian and Ladinian prevents analysis of the corresponding biochrons. Finally, although the Iberian record for the Upper Triassic is not abundant, the presence of Eubrontes, Anchisauripus and probably Brachychirotherium is coherent with the global track biochronology as well. Thus, the Triassic track record in the Iberian Peninsula matches the expected record for this age on the basis of a global biochronological approach, supporting the idea that vertebrate Triassic tracks are a useful tool in biochronology.

scholarly journals A reappraisal of the Middle Triassic chirotheriid Chirotherium ibericus Navás, 1906 (Iberian Range NE Spain), with comments on the Triassic tetrapod track biochronology of the Iberian Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Diego Castanera ◽  
José Manuel J.M. Gasca ◽  
José Ignacio Canudo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Vertebrate Tracks ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Triassic vertebrate tracks are known from the beginning of the 19th century and have a worldwide distribution. Several Triassic track ichnoassemblages and ichnotaxa have a restricted stratigraphic range and are useful in biochronology and biostratigraphy. The record of Triassic tracks in the Iberian Peninsula has gone almost unnoticed although more than 25 localities have been described since 1897. In one of these localities, the naturalist Longinos Navás described the ichnotaxon Chirotherium ibericus in 1906.The vertebrate tracks are in two sandy slabs from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of the Moncayo massif (Zaragoza, Spain). In a recent revision, new, previously undescribed vertebrate tracks have been identified. The tracks considered to be C. ibericus as well as other tracks with the same morphology from both slabs have been classified as Chirotherium barthii. The rest of the tracks have been assigned to Chirotheriidae indet., Rhynchosauroides isp. and undetermined material. This new identification of C. barthii at the Navás site adds new data to the Iberian record of this ichnotaxon, which is characterized by the small size of the tracks when compared with the main occurrences of this ichnotaxon elsewhere. As at the Navás tracksite, the Anisian C. barthii-Rhynchosauroides ichnoassemblage has been found in other coeval localities in Iberia and worldwide. This ichnoassemblage belongs to the upper Olenekian-lower Anisian interval according to previous biochronological proposals. Analysis of the Triassic Iberian record of tetrapod tracks is uneven in terms of abundance over time. From the earliest Triassic to the latest Lower Triassic the record is very scarce, with Rhynchosauroides being the only known ichnotaxon. Rhynchosauroides covers a wide temporal range and gives poor information for biochronology. The record from the uppermost Lower Triassic to the Middle Triassic is abundant. The highest ichnodiversity has been reported for the Anisian with an assemblage composed of Dicynodontipus, Procolophonichnium, Rhynchosauroides, Rotodactylus, Chirotherium, Isochirotherium, Coelurosaurichnus and Paratrisauropus. The Iberian track record from the Anisian is coherent with the global biochronology proposed for Triassic tetrapod tracks. Nevertheless, the scarcity of track occurrences during the late Olenekian and Ladinian prevents analysis of the corresponding biochrons. Finally, although the Iberian record for the Upper Triassic is not abundant, the presence of Eubrontes, Anchisauripus and probably Brachychirotherium is coherent with the global track biochronology as well. Thus, the Triassic track record in the Iberian Peninsula matches the expected record for this age on the basis of a global biochronological approach, supporting the idea that vertebrate Triassic tracks are a useful tool in biochronology.

scholarly journals The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the erythrosuchid archosauriform Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis from the earliest Middle Triassic of China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Butler ◽  
Martín D. Ezcurra ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Roland B. Sookias ◽  
Corwin Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Anatomical Information

Erythrosuchidae is a clade of early archosauriform reptiles, which were apex predators in many late Early and Middle Triassic ecosystems, following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Erythrosuchids had a worldwide distribution, with well-preserved fossil material known from South Africa, European Russia, and China. We here redescribe the anatomy and revise the taxonomy of Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis, which is one of the stratigraphically oldest erythrosuchids and is known from a single partial skeleton from the lowermost Middle Triassic (lower Anisian) lower Ermaying Formation of Shaanxi Province, China. We provide a new differential diagnosis for Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis, and identify a series of autapomorphies relating to the morphologies of the skull roof and vertebrae. Incorporating updated anatomical information for Guchengosuchus into the most comprehensive morphological phylogenetic analysis available for early archosauromorphs recovers it as an early branching member of Erythrosuchidae, outside of the clade formed by Garjainia, Erythrosuchus, Chalishevia, and Shansisuchus. Fugusuchus hejiapanensis, from the uppermost Lower Triassic to lower Middle Triassic Heshanggou Formation of China, is recovered as the earliest branching member of Erythrosuchidae.

scholarly journals Stratabound copper-lead-zinc mineralisation in the Permo-Triassic of central East Greenland

1982 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
B Thomassen ◽  
L.B Clemmensen ◽  
H.K Schønwandt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Copper Lead ◽  
Carbonate Buildup

Stratabound and stratiform copper-lead-zinc-mineralised horizons confined to specific sedimentary fades in the Permo-Triassic Jameson Land Basin of East Greenland were revealed during recent exploration and sedimentological studies. The occurrences are divided into fault-bounded-stratabound and stratabound-stratiform mineralisation. The first group comprises lead-zinc-copper mineralisation in Upper Permian limestone; the remaining mineralisation falls in the second group which is subdivided into mineralisation hosted in mudstones, in sandstones with mudflasers and in sandstones and conglomerates. A lithogeochemical programme helped to define the mineralised horizons in the Triassic. During the interpretation of the geochemical data an empiric statistical function was introduced which is an estimate of how anomalous the 95 per cent fractile is for individual elements compared with the frequency distribution around the median. The Upper Permian sediments host copper in basal shoreline conglomerates, zinc-lead-copper in lagoonal mudstones and lead-zinc-copper in carbonate buildup and shelf fades. The Lower Triassic contains copper-lead mineralisation in alluvial fan sediments, the Middle Triassic hosts lead-zinc-copper in sandy shoreline limestones and lagoonal mudstones and copper-lead-zinc in gypsiferous lacustrine sandstones and mudstones while the Upper Triassic contains copper in both dolomitic lacustrine sandstones and mudstones and in overlying carbonate-rich fluvial channel sandstones.

scholarly journals New biostratigraphic evidence of Late Permian to Late Triassic deposits from Central Tibet and their paleogeographic implications

Lithosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-chun Wu ◽  
Zhan-sheng Ji ◽  
Wei-hua Liao ◽  
Jian-xin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Suture Zone ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
The North

Abstract Triassic deposits in the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone are important for understanding its tectonic nature and evolutionary history, but have not been systematically studied due to a lack of biostratigraphic data. For a long time, the Upper Triassic Quehala Group featuring clasolite has been regarded as the only rocky unit. In recent years, the silicite-dominated Gajia Formation that bears radiolarian fossils was suggested to represent Ladinian to Carnian deposits. The Upper Permian and Lower Triassic rocks have never been excavated and thus are considered to be absent. This research, however, reveals that fossils aged from the Late Permian to Anisian of the Middle Triassic and Norian of the Late Triassic have been preserved in the central Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone, which provides evidence of Upper Permian to early Middle Triassic deposits and provides new insights on the Upper Triassic strata as well. A new Triassic strata succession is thus proposed for the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone, and it demonstrates great similarities with those from Lhasa to the south and Qiangtang to the north. Therefore, we deduce that the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone was under a similar depositional setting as its two adjacent terranes, and it was likely a carbonate platform background because limestones were predominant across the Triassic. The newly acquired biostratigraphic data indicate that Lhasa and Qiangtang could not have been located on two separate continents with disparate sedimentary settings; therefore, the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone likely did not represent a large ocean between them. This conclusion is supported by lithostratigraphic and paleomagnetic research, which revealed that Lhasa and Qiangtang were positioned at low to middle latitudes during the Early Triassic. Combining this conclusion with fossil evidence, we suggest that the three main Tibetan terranes were in the same palaeobiogeographic division with South China, at least during the Latest Permian to Early Triassic. The Early Triassic conodont species Pachycladina obliqua is probably a fossil sign of middle to low latitudes in palaeogeography.

scholarly journals Plant remains from the Polish Triassic. Present knowledge and future prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pacyna
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
First Time ◽  
Drill Cores

ABSTRACT The Triassic plant macrofossils of Poland are very poorly known. There are few Triassic rock exposures here, they contain very few plant specimens, there is little scientific interest in the subject, and the rare plant remains found in drill cores are of low stratigraphical significance. The Lower Triassic macroflora is surprisingly poorer taxonomically than coeval European floras, and only single specimens have been found. The flora of the Middle Triassic is even poorer as a result of the Muschelkalk sea transgression. Only the Upper Triassic floras contain many specimens and taxa. The Upper Triassic macrofloras from Polish territory are well known since the early 19th century. Pioneering descriptions of these floras were given by Goeppert and Raciborski. From the Polish Triassic, the seed fern Lepidopteris ottonis (index species for the Rhaetian stage) and Neocalamites lehmannianus (sphenopsid species typical of almost all European Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic floras) were described for the first time ever. In the 20th century only single specimens were described from outcrops and drill cores. Barbacka revised Lepidopteris ottonis specimens from old collections and described some new material. Palynological research on Triassic strata in Poland intensified from the 1970s on. That work has produced spore-pollen and megaspore zonations for Triassic strata in Poland, but the correlation of the dispersed spores and pollen grains with their parent plants is low. The Polish Triassic flora is comprised of ferns, lycopsids, sphenopsids, cycads, bennettitaleans, ginkgoaleans and conifers. This flora is taxonomically poorer than equally old and geographically close European floras. All available data about Polish Triassic plants fossils are critically summarised in this paper for the first time. The biostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical correlations of Polish Triassic floras with other European Triassic floras are outlined. New macrofloral assemblages for the Lower and Middle Triassic and macrofloral assemblage zones for the Upper Triassic are proposed for Poland. Recent new finds of taxonomically rich, abundant and well-preserved floras accompanying vertebrate remains in Silesia provide an opportunity for comprehensive research on Polish Triassic floras. This should improve our perception of their taxonomy and allow them to be described in evolutionary and palaeoecological contexts

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