scholarly journals Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancy on the gestation length of the current pregnancy. An immunological explanation?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Introduction. A number of epidemiological studies on various diseases have drawn attention to relationships between fetal life events, as measured by health indicators and pathological events later in life. This accounts for the renewed interest in fetal health indicators. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the relationship between the sex of conceptuses of the mother’s preceding pregnancies and the gestation length of the current pregnancy. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates were divided into cohorts, according to the sex of the current neonate and number and sex of the mother’s preceding pregnancies. Average gestation lengths for each cohort were measured and compared between different configurations of preceding pregnancies. Results. There a positive association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of same sex as its own. Gestation length increases with the number of conceptuses of same sex among the preceding pregnancies. Likewise, there is a negative association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to its own. Gestation length decreases with the number of conceptuses of opposite sex among the preceding pregnancies. Discussion. The results of our study are compatible with the immunological hypothesis, based on the sex-linked concepto-gravidic antigenic dissimilarity, proposed to explain the association between preceding pregnancy and fetal development. The influence of the preceding pregnancy is significant enough to be taken into account for effective management of current pregnancies as well as for efficient clinical trial analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancy on the gestation length of the current pregnancy. An immunological explanation?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Introduction. A number of epidemiological studies on various diseases have drawn attention to relationships between fetal life events, as measured by health indicators and pathological events later in life. This accounts for the renewed interest in fetal health indicators. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the relationship between the sex of conceptuses of the mother’s preceding pregnancies and the gestation length of the current pregnancy. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates were divided into cohorts, according to the sex of the current neonate and number and sex of the mother’s preceding pregnancies. Average gestation lengths for each cohort were measured and compared between different configurations of preceding pregnancies. Results. There a positive association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of same sex as its own. Gestation length increases with the number of conceptuses of same sex among the preceding pregnancies. Likewise, there is a negative association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to its own. Gestation length decreases with the number of conceptuses of opposite sex among the preceding pregnancies. Discussion. The results of our study are compatible with the immunological hypothesis, based on the sex-linked concepto-gravidic antigenic dissimilarity, proposed to explain the association between preceding pregnancy and fetal development. The influence of the preceding pregnancy is significant enough to be taken into account for effective management of current pregnancies as well as for efficient clinical trial analysis.

scholarly journals The relationship between interpregnancy interval (IP) and mother's preceding pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Following the investigation of the mother's preceding pregnancies on fetal development and postnatal survival of the neonate, we turned our attention to an earlier period, that is the interval separating the onset of the current pregnancy from the end of the preceding one. The objectives of this study is to investigate the variations of interpregnancy interval length associated to the mother's preceding pregnancies. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates, alive at the time of hospital discharge, were divided into cohorts according to the current neonate's sex and number and sex of the mother's preceding pregnancies. Interpregnancy interval average of each cohort of same neonate's sex and mother's parity, but different configuration of preceding pregnancies, were measured and compared. Results. A positive association was found between mother's preceding pregnancies and length of interpregnancy interval when current pregnancy and preceding pregnancy were of the same sex, and a negative association when they were of opposite sex. Discussion. Interpregnancy interval length follows a pattern regarding the gravida's preceding pregnancy similar to the other early life indicators pattern, birth weight, placenta weight, gestation length and neonatal survival. Our results confirm and complete an immunological explanation of the indicators variations associated to the gravida's preceding pregnancy.

scholarly journals Exposure to Famine During Early Life and Abdominal Obesity in Adulthood: Findings from the Great Chinese Famine During 1959–1961

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Dong-mei Yu ◽  
Li-yun Zhao ◽  
Hong-yun Fang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Famine Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Undernutrition during early life may lead to obesity in adulthood. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between famine exposure during early life and the risk of abdominal obesity in adulthood. A total of 18,984 and 16,594 adults were surveyed in 2002 and 2010–2012 in two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, namely China Nutrition and Health Survey, respectively. The risk of abdominal obesity was evaluated for participants born during 1956–1961 and compared with that of participants born during 1962–1964. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity in adulthood showed a positive association with famine exposure during early life. The odds ratios of famine exposure were 1.31 (1.19–1.44) and 1.28 (1.17–1.40) in 2002 during fetal life and infancy and 1.09 (1.00–1.19) in 2012 during fetal life, respectively. The relationships between famine exposure and abdominal obesity across the famine exposure groups were distinct among females and those who lived in urban areas and were physical inactive (p < 0.05). Exposure to famine during early life was associated with increased risks of abdominal obesity in adulthood, which was partially alleviated by healthy lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity).

Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Avoidance of Same- and Opposite-Sex Touch

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Touch Avoidance ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.

scholarly journals THE FEATURES OT THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ATTITUDE TO THE OWN BODY AND SELF-ATTITUDE OF DIFFERENT AGED WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the problem of the relationship between the attitude to the own body and self-attitude of different aged women. Self-attitude is a phenomenon that reflects a general positive or negative attitude to own personality. Many scientists such as Z. Freud, A. Adler, O.O. Skugarevsky, S.V. Sivukha emphasized the importance of the body in forming a person's mental characteristics. Attitude to the own body is formed in the process of socialization through social institutions, art, science, everyday experience. In this research there was studied the relationship between the attitude to the own body and self-attitude of different aged women. Sample included women of two age groups: 20-40, 41-60. It was found out that dissatisfaction with own body in both groups was not expressed. We revealed that self-esteem of functional (endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, agility), anatomical (face, figure, legs, hands) and social (clothing, accessories, and cosmetics) characteristics of their bodies are on the high levels in both groups. Women between 41 and 60 have more interconnections between attitude to their bodies and different aspects of self-attitude (self-esteem, self-accusation, self-sympathy, etc.) in comparison with women of 20-40 ages. Middle-aged women tend to have higher self-acceptance and self-esteem than the younger group. From an evolutionary perspective, women are interested in being attractive to men. It increases their chances of getting a healthy partner who will provide them with the resources they need to raise their children. Studies show that men unconsciously pay attention to body proportions, skin quality and other health indicators. In our opinion, social characteristics have evolutionary importance. Social characteristics correlate with the expected attitudes of others in group of middle-aged women. Artificial appearance enhancement is aimed at attracting men and scaring away potential rivals. Perhaps women initially attract the opposite sex due to anatomical features, and when their body starts to change, they pay more attention to social ones.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF ALIENATION IN CHILDREN-PARENT RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
E. Е. Ivanova ◽  
Yu. A. Storozheva
Keyword(s):  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

The main approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of “alienation” have been considered. The causes and dynamics of the emergence of alienation in the child-parent relationship have been investigated. Interconnection of violations in parent-child relationships with the incorrect educational strategy of parents has been revealed. Special attention has been paid to the specificity of manifestations and the nature of alienation in adolescence. It has been supposed about the connection between alienation and style of upbringing of a teenager. The practical part of the article describes the procedure and results of the study on the determination of this connection. The analysis has identified a statistically significant interrelation between alienation and the relationship between parents and children. Critical importance of hypo-care for the formation of teenage alienation has been ascertained. The characteristic of child-parent relations in same-sex and opposite-sex couples child-parent has been made.

Genealogy (and the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs) is what kinship is all about

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Carles Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat are the theoretical implications of a universal genealogy? After the demise of relativism in kinship studies, there is much to be gained by joining old formal-structural analysis of kinship to recent cognitive-evolutionary approaches. This commentary shows how the logic of kinship terminologies, specifically those of the Seneca-Iroquois, can be clarified by looking at the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs.

Employee Gender, Gender Similarity, and Supervisor-Subordinate Cross-Evaluations

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Gupta ◽  
G. Douglas Jenkins ◽  
Terry A. Beehr
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Supervisor Ratings ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Gender Similarity ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between employee gender and gender similarity on the one hand and supervisor-subordinate cross-evaluations and subordinate rewards on the other, using a sample of 651 employees from five midwestern organizations. Data were obtained through structured interviews, supervisor ratings of subordinates, and employee personnel records. Two-way analysis of variance results indicated that (a) evaluations of women are more positive than evaluations of men and (b) opposite-sex evaluations tend to be higher than same-sex evaluations, but (c) men subordinates receive more promotions, and same-sex subordinates more pay increases, than do women subordinates and opposite-sex subordinates respectively.

The Relationship Between Sex and Aggression in Convict Cichlids (Cichlasoma Nigrofasciatum Günther)

Behaviour ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Figler ◽  
Harry W. Cole ◽  
Harman V.S. Peeke ◽  
Frederick J. Parente
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Attack Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Convict Cichlids ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractC. nigrofasciatum have been widely used as a preparation in the investigation of aggressive (threat/attack) behavior because of their reputation as a highly aggressive species. They have also frequently been used in studies of learning processes, especially habituation. The reproductive and aggressive behaviors of the family Cichlidae have been described extensively, however, the sexual behavior of C. nigrofasciatum has been treated only cursorily. Several investigators have postulated a mutually inhibitory relationship between sex and aggression such that any decrease in the level of one of these motivational states results in an increase in the level of the other. In order to test this hypothesized relationship between sex and aggression, male and female C. nigrofasciatum were exposed to either male or female stimulus fish for 24 consecutive hours. In the present investigation, performance of sexual behavior was found to inhibit performance of aggressive behavior and vice versa. A principle components statistical analysis was performed in order to reduce the number of dependent variables to a smaller number of underlying clusters of variables referred to as factors. The principle components analysis indicated that the data were characterized by two orthogonal factors, the first of which reflected qualitative differences between the sex and aggression variables, suggesting that a mutually inhibitory relationship exists between sex and aggression. Discriminant analyses indicated that females initiate courtship and perform more aggressive behaviors than males, males elicit more aggression than females, opposite sex dyads perform more sexual behaviors than same sex dyads, and same sex dyads perform more aggressive behaviors than opposite sex dyads. Habituation of aggression was demonstrated in all dyads. Significant decrements in sexual behaviors were not observed.

The Motive to Avoid Success: Exploring the Nature of the Fear

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Kazdin Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Personality Variable ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of Horner's (1968) measure of fear of success to the perception of interpersonal relationships is investigated in five samples of male and female college students. In addition to Horner's cue, the different samples wrote stories to a variety of cues describing aspects of same-sex and opposite-sex friendships. Fear-of-success subjects of both sexes significantly more often described dangers, as opposed to pleasures, in opposite-sex relationships. Fear-of-success female subjects significantly more often described same-sex disagreements as destructive of friendships. Results are discussed in terms of sex similarities and differences; the usefulness of fear of success as a cross-sex personality variable is explored.

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