scholarly journals Whale Shark Provisioning: What do we know and where do we stand; The case study of Oslob, Philippines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ponzo ◽  
Gonzalo Araujo ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Catherine L. So ◽  
Sally J. Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Official Opening ◽  
Whale Sharks

Background. Provisioning is a growing practice used to facilitate wildlife-tourist interaction, especially with elusive marine species, but still little is known about its effect on the host species. This work discusses the practice, effect and proposed measures to manage the whale shark provisioning activities and related tourism industry in the waters of Oslob, Philippines. Methods. Since March 2012, the research team has been studying daily the whale shark population, the tourism industry and its compliances with the local and national laws. During 443 days of survey, 135 individual whale sharks where identified within the interaction area, 197h of shark behavioral observations and tourist compliance surveys have been collected along with 45 biopsy samples, 1000h of dive profiles from TDR tags and 500 tourist satisfaction questionnaires. Results. Since its official opening in January 2012 more than 140,000 interaction tickets have been sold bringing over 1M USD to the local community and making it one of the largest marine wildlife tourist attractions in South East Asia. The benefits for the community and regional economy are undeniable, however behavioral modification, extended residency time, poor nutritional value of provided food and thermal stress related to the extended permanence in shallow water together with habitat destruction caused by poor diving practices and unregulated coastal developments are some of the quantified side effects of this industry. Conclusion. A series of meeting with the stakeholders and an education campaign have been initiated as bottom up approach and an adaptive management model based on the identification of the limits of acceptable change is being developed in collaboration with the Authorities to address current limitations in the long-term sustainable management of the whale shark watching industry in Oslob.

scholarly journals Whale Shark Provisioning: What do we know and where do we stand; The case study of Oslob, Philippines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ponzo ◽  
Gonzalo Araujo ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Catherine L. So ◽  
Sally J. Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Official Opening ◽  
Whale Sharks

Background. Provisioning is a growing practice used to facilitate wildlife-tourist interaction, especially with elusive marine species, but still little is known about its effect on the host species. This work discusses the practice, effect and proposed measures to manage the whale shark provisioning activities and related tourism industry in the waters of Oslob, Philippines. Methods. Since March 2012, the research team has been studying daily the whale shark population, the tourism industry and its compliances with the local and national laws. During 443 days of survey, 135 individual whale sharks where identified within the interaction area, 197h of shark behavioral observations and tourist compliance surveys have been collected along with 45 biopsy samples, 1000h of dive profiles from TDR tags and 500 tourist satisfaction questionnaires. Results. Since its official opening in January 2012 more than 140,000 interaction tickets have been sold bringing over 1M USD to the local community and making it one of the largest marine wildlife tourist attractions in South East Asia. The benefits for the community and regional economy are undeniable, however behavioral modification, extended residency time, poor nutritional value of provided food and thermal stress related to the extended permanence in shallow water together with habitat destruction caused by poor diving practices and unregulated coastal developments are some of the quantified side effects of this industry. Conclusion. A series of meeting with the stakeholders and an education campaign have been initiated as bottom up approach and an adaptive management model based on the identification of the limits of acceptable change is being developed in collaboration with the Authorities to address current limitations in the long-term sustainable management of the whale shark watching industry in Oslob.

scholarly journals In-water observations highlight the effects of provisioning on whale shark behaviour at the world's largest whale shark tourism destination

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 200392
Author(s):  
Christine Legaspi ◽  
Joni Miranda ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Sally Snow ◽  
Alessandro Ponzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship

The whale shark is the world's largest fish that forms predictable aggregations across its range, many of which support tourism industries. The largest non-captive provisioned whale shark destination globally is at Oslob, Philippines, where more than 500 000 tourists visit yearly. There, the sharks are provisioned daily, year-round, allowing the human–shark interaction in nearshore waters. We used in-water behavioural observations of whale sharks between 2015 and 2017 to understand the relationship between external stimuli and shark behaviour, whether frequency of visits at the site can act as a predictor of behaviour, and the tourist compliance to the code of conduct. Mixed effects models revealed that the number of previous visits at the site was a strong predictor of whale shark behaviour, and that provisioned sharks were less likely to exhibit avoidance. Compliance was poor, with 93% of surveys having people less than 2 m from the animal, highlighting overcrowding of whale sharks at Oslob. Given the behavioural implications to whale sharks highlighted here and the local community's reliance on the tourism industry, it is imperative to improve management strategies to increase tourist compliance and strive for sustainable tourism practices.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN PENGELOLA DTW TANAH LOT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT LOKAL

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Putu Krisna Arta Widana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the impact of the management changes ofTanah Lot tourist attraction on community of Beraban village,Tabanan, Bali, and efforts of the new management in realizing Tanah Lot as a sustainable tourist attraction. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The management changes of Tanah Lot tourist attraction have direct and indirect impacts to the local community. The impacts are divided into three aspects, namely physical, social cultural and economic aspect. Efforts made by the new management in order to realize Tanah Lot includes adding tourist attractions, tourism facilities, distributes the location of trade, organising and supervising activities of the tourism business, and forming a group of merchants as well as establishing good relationship and communication with private land owner. Indicators used as a benchmark is the Magic Pentagon, namely a healthy economy,the welfare of the local community, does not change the natural,healthy culture, and tourist satisfaction.

scholarly journals The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Harvey-Carroll ◽  
Joshua D. Stewart ◽  
Daire Carroll ◽  
Basith Mohamed ◽  
Ibrahim Shameel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species with a declining global population. The South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA), Maldives, is one of few locations globally where year-long residency of individuals occurs. This SAMPA aggregation appears to consist almost exclusively of immature males. Due to its year-round residency, this local aggregation is subjected to a high degree of tourism pressure. This ecotourism contributes to the high level of interest and protection offered to whale sharks by the local community. Unfortunately, if regulations are not followed or enforced, tourism can bring with it major stressors, such as accidental injuries. We used POPAN capture-mark-recapture models and lagged identification rate analysis to assess the effect of major injuries on whale shark residency within SAMPA. Injuries may be obtained outside SAMPA. We found individuals with major injuries had a higher apparent survival in the area than those without. Lagged identification rates also demonstrated that sharks with major injuries are more likely to return to the area. We suggest that major injuries result in sharks prolonging their time in the developmental habitat. These findings have implications for individual fitness and the population viability of this endangered species. We propose targeted conservation strategies be considered to protect sharks from further injury. Based on the presented spatio-temporal distributions of sharks, and current local knowledge of sighting patterns, speed limit zones and propeller-exclusion zones should be implemented and enforced. If carried out alongside tourist education, these measures will contribute to the protection of whale sharks within SAMPA and beyond. Furthermore, our results can aid research direction, alongside regulation and enforcement development, at similar sites worldwide.

Measuring Perceived Crowding in the Marine Environment: Perspectives from a Mass Tourism "swim-With" Whale Shark Site in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie A. Ziegler ◽  
Gonzalo Araujo ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Christine Legaspi ◽  
Sally Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Negative Impacts

Perceived crowding is an important measure in assessing the social impacts of tourism activities. The goal of this study was to determine if the method used to measure perceived crowding in the marine environment (numerical vs. visual approach, boat vs. swimmer crowding) affects the crowding outcome and to apply the concept to a high-density marine wildlife tourism site, viewing whale sharks in Oslob, Philippines. The influence of various variables, including specialization, gender, nationality, swimmer behaviors, and proximity, was also tested to see if they affected crowding levels. Results indicate that a visual approach is more accurate in measuring reported encounters and encounter norms, and that boat and swimmer crowding are not interchangeable. Boat crowding is a serious problem in Oslob (95.6% crowded). Specialization, nationality, and swimmer behaviors and proximity all affected perceived crowding. Individuals who reported feeling crowded were more likely to perceive negative impacts of tourism activities on the local community, whale sharks, and wider environment. They also showed higher levels of support for management interventions to limit the number of people and boats at the site and to better regulate or ban whale shark provisioning activities. This study provides important insights regarding how to measure perceived crowding in the marine environment and management implications for a mass tourism wildlife site experiencing overcrowding.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DESTINATION IMAGE ON TOURIST SATISFACTION: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Shirley Kha-Sien CHIA ◽  
◽  
May-Chiun LO ◽  
Zaidi Bin RAZAK ◽  
Yin Chai WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Moderating Role

Tourism is a multifaceted field and in order to understand its complexity, none of its components should be excluded. Based on the opinions and thoughts of tourists, this research aims to determine to what extent the destination image has an impact on the satisfaction towards that destination. Survey data was collected from tourists who visited key tourist attractions in Kuching, Sarawak. SmartPLS 3 was applied to assess the developed model based on path modeling and bootstrapping. The results revealed that political images, cultural images, and infrastructure factors on destination image are positively related to tourist satisfaction. It was found that information technology (IT) does not play any moderating role in the relationships between destination image and tourist satisfaction. Results further indicated that the tourism industry can be improved for getting satisfaction among tourists by offering a better development on significant destination image in Sarawak.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC VALUE AND PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF WHALE SHARK TOURISM IN NOSY BE, MADAGASCAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACKIE A. ZIEGLER ◽  
STELLA DIAMANT ◽  
SIMON J. PIERCE ◽  
RHETT BENNETT ◽  
JEREMY J. KISZKA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch ◽  
Management Issues

Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar is home to a globally important whale shark (Rhincodon typus) aggregation and a growing whale shark tourism industry. Whale sharks, however, are not protected in Malagasy waters and are threatened by fisheries bycatch, collisions with vessels, and disturbance from tourism. We used tourist questionnaires (n = 488) to assess the economic value of, and tourist perceptions of, whale shark tourism in Nosy Be from September-December 2019. We also surveyed whale shark tour operators (n = 12) in December 2018 to understand their perceptions of tourism management needs in the region. Results suggest the Nosy Be whale shark tourism industry was worth US$1.5 million for the three-month 2019 whale shark season. ‘Dedicated’ whale shark divers (i.e., those who came specifically to Nosy Be to swim with whale sharks) spent 55% more money overall and six times the amount individually compared to ‘casual’ whale shark divers. Both tourists and operators supported the protection of whale sharks, with the majority (67.4%) of tourists strongly agreeing that they would choose a tourism destination at which whale sharks are protected. Tour operators did note, however, significant management issues (e.g., overcrowding, lack of regulations/training), recommending the need to better regulate whale shark tourism and interactions. This study emphasises the economic rationale for protecting whale sharks in Madagascar to safeguard the emerging marine tourism industry and ensure it is being sustainably managed.

scholarly journals Analysis of two whale shark watching destinations in Indonesia: status and ecotourism potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASRIL DJUNAIDI ◽  
Jamaluddin Jompa ◽  
Nadiarti Nurdin Kadir ◽  
Ahmad Bahar ◽  
Sukirman DJ Tilahunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Abstract. Djunaidi A, Jompa J, Nadiarti N, Bahar A, Tilahunga SD, Lilienfeld D, Hani MS. 2020. Analysis of two whale shark watching destinations in Indonesia: status and ecotourism potential. Biodiversitas 21: 4511-4523. Botubarani in Gorontalo, on the northern coast of Tomini Bay and Labuhan Jambu in Teluk Saleh, Sumbawa recently became whale shark tourism destinations in Indonesia. Both sites offer visitors opportunities to interact with whale sharks, either watching from canoes or snorkelling and diving. In this study, we investigated the status and ecotourism potential of whale shark watching as a form of marine wildlife tourism development in eastern Indonesia by examining the existing operations in both sites. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to local community members and visitors to understand their perceptions, and how this opportunity was valued. Secondary data were collected to explore and understand influencing factors. Findings revealed that whale sharks commonly emerge near bagan lift-nets and other interactive areas as a response to the presence of their favorite prey, anchovies, and rebon shrimp. In general, whale sharks most commonly visit bagan lift nets and can be found in the interaction areas in the morning and stay for couple of hours before swimming away to deeper waters. Out of 119 community respondents in Labuhan Jambu village (Teluk Saleh) and Botubarani, Gorontalo, 80.7% knew about the occurrence of whale sharks in their locality. Of the 111 visitor respondents, 67.6% knew about the whale shark watching sites from word of mouth. The study results also suggest a correlation between chlorophyll-a concentration, anchovies, rebon shrimp and whale sharks. Regarding management approaches to this type of tourism, a local community-based management model is strongly recommended, with 87.4% of respondents showing interest in this approach. The roles and responsibility of local government in developing such tourism is very significant, especially with respect to facilitating appropriate competency within the local community throughout training and education, as suggested by nearly 26% of respondents.

scholarly journals KREASI IKAT ENDEK SEBAGAI PRODUK PENUNJANG PARIWISATA BALI

2019 ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Melistyari Dewi ◽  
I Wayan Ardika ◽  
I Nyoman Sunarta
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Business People ◽  
Tourism Sector

As a tourism destination in the world, Bali attracts many tourists to visit because of its tourist attractions and culture. One form of Balinese cultural products is Balinese endek, a traditional Balinese fabric comes in a myriad of beautiful colors and geometrical designs.  The experience of weaving Balinese Endek is the phenomenon of commodification in its essence as a creative industry. The author uses this paper to be able to critically examine the Balinese Endek function with a culture studies approach in relation to the use of endek in the tourism sector. The instrument for analyzing this paper is using the commodification theory, which is explaining about something that is not related to the production process into a product that is consumed in bulk, yet is related to how a product is marketed to the target market in order to meet consumer needs.The methodology used in examining the phenomenon of the commodification of Balinese endek  is a critical method that is emancipatory in nature, namely the involvement of producers or weavers and business people (who are involved in the tourism industry). The results of this paper are: (1) The symbolic meaning that is typical of Balinese Endek is an attraction and has the potential to attract tourists, thus helping to improve the economy of the Balinese people. (2) The dynamics of Balinese Endek marketing in the market are in demand by the local market as well as the global market as a creative product. (3) The development of function of the Balinese endek not solely by the local community, but also by tourists to be used as a souvenir. Keywords: Commodification, Tenun Ikat Endek Bali, Bali Tourism

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA HALAL DESA SETANGGOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1A) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Feriyadin Feriyadin ◽  
Akhmad Saufi ◽  
Baiq Handayani Rinuastuti
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews

Setanggor tourism managers make halal tourism as a new innovation in the development of tourist villages. The value of Islamic law as a reference for the development of halal tourism in Setanggor Village. However, in the development of the tourism industry in Setanggor Village, it is inseparable from the challenges, namely the low participation of youth at the planning and decision-making stages to develop tourism, and youth prefer to seek income outside their area because of economic conditions in the village are not yet supported, so local youth are less participating in developing tourism in the environment. This shows that the readiness of human resources (especially youth) in developing halal tourism is still inadequate. The research data were analyzed using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation support related to the research objectives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 6 Tourism Managers and 1 Head of Setanggor Village, then the interview data were recorded and continued with analysis using content analysis.The results of this study indicate that the management of the Setanggor tourism village offers a unique travel experience by enjoying natural attractions; arts-cultural attractions; local food attractions; and halal tourist attractions. The tour packages offered as tourism products are local activities, nature, and the unique traditions / culture of the Muslim community in Setanggor tourist destinations as an effort to attract domestic tourists and foreign tourists, both Muslim and non-Muslim. The presence of Halal tourism concept in the development of tourism in Setanggor Village is an effort to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in tourism and cultural preservation of the local community whose activities are inseparable from religious factors, namely Islam.Keywords:Halal Tourism, Tourism Village, Setanggor Village. 

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