scholarly journals A β-mannanase from Fusarium oxysporum SS-25 via solid state fermentation on brewer spent grain: Medium optimization by statistical tools, kinetic characterization and its applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Singh Rana ◽  
Chetna Janveja ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Kinetic Characterization ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Statistical Strategy ◽  
Spent Grain

This study concerned with the optimization of fermentation parameters for the hyper production of mannanase from Fusarium oxysporum SS-25 employing two step statistical strategy and kinetic characterization of crude enzyme preparation. The Plackett-Burman design was first used to screen out the important factors in the culture medium which were found to be: 20% (w/w) wheat bran, 2% (w/w) each of potato peels, soybean meal, malt extract, 1% tryptone, 0.14% NH4SO4, 0.2% KH2PO4, 0.0002% ZnSO4, 0.0005% FeSO4, 0.01% MnSO4, 0.012% SDS, 0.03% NH4Cl, 0.1% NaNO3 in brewer’s spent grain based medium with 50% moisture content, inoculated with 2.8×107 spores and incubated at 30oC for 6 days. Out of twenty seven factors, four variables including soybean meal, FeSO4, MnSO4 and NaNO3 were selected to study the interactive effects and optimum level of these variables in central composite design of response surface methodology. The final mannanase yield was 193 IU/g which was active at broader temperature and pH range and could result in 26.6% reduction in kappa number with 4.93% higher tear index and 1% increase in brightness when used to treat the wheat straw based kraft pulp. The hydrolytic potential of enzyme was demonstrated on both locust bean gum and guar gum.

scholarly journals A β-mannanase from Fusarium oxysporum SS-25 via solid state fermentation on brewer spent grain: Medium optimization by statistical tools, kinetic characterization and its applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Singh Rana ◽  
Chetna Janveja ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Kinetic Characterization ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Statistical Strategy ◽  
Spent Grain

This study concerned with the optimization of fermentation parameters for the hyper production of mannanase from Fusarium oxysporum SS-25 employing two step statistical strategy and kinetic characterization of crude enzyme preparation. The Plackett-Burman design was first used to screen out the important factors in the culture medium which were found to be: 20% (w/w) wheat bran, 2% (w/w) each of potato peels, soybean meal, malt extract, 1% tryptone, 0.14% NH4SO4, 0.2% KH2PO4, 0.0002% ZnSO4, 0.0005% FeSO4, 0.01% MnSO4, 0.012% SDS, 0.03% NH4Cl, 0.1% NaNO3 in brewer’s spent grain based medium with 50% moisture content, inoculated with 2.8×107 spores and incubated at 30oC for 6 days. Out of twenty seven factors, four variables including soybean meal, FeSO4, MnSO4 and NaNO3 were selected to study the interactive effects and optimum level of these variables in central composite design of response surface methodology. The final mannanase yield was 193 IU/g which was active at broader temperature and pH range and could result in 26.6% reduction in kappa number with 4.93% higher tear index and 1% increase in brightness when used to treat the wheat straw based kraft pulp. The hydrolytic potential of enzyme was demonstrated on both locust bean gum and guar gum.

167 Effects of L-lys Hcl and Distillers Dried Grains Inclusion Rate on Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Luke A Swalla ◽  
Jamie L Pietig ◽  
Sharlie A Hansen ◽  
Ernie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
White Grease ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
High Level ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L-Lys HCl inclusion in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of finishing pigs. A total of 2,414 pigs (initial BW = 92.7 kg) were used in a 34-d trial. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial treatment structure with two levels of DDGS (0 or 10%) and three levels of L-Lys HCl (0.2, 0.3, or 0.4%). Diets were corn and soybean meal-based and were formulated to be isocaloric (NE = 2,668 kcal/kg) and isolysinic (0.75% SID Lys) by adjusting the inclusion of soybean meal, crystalline amino acids, and choice white grease. All other nutrient levels met or exceeded the NRC (2012) requirement estimates. There were 16 replicates per treatment. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Data was analyzed with SAS MIXED procedure. There was no evidence (P > 0.10) for interactive effects between L-Lys HCl and DDGS inclusion rate. Pigs fed diets with 10% DDGS had improved (P = 0.002) G:F, but there was no evidence (P > 0.10) for differences in ADG or ADFI. Pigs fed increasing levels of L-Lys HCl had higher (linear, P = 0.026) ADFI, decreased (quadratic, P = 0.013) G:F, and a tendency for quadratic response (P = 0.063) in ADG, overall with the poorest performance observed for pigs fed the diet with 0.4% L-Lys HCl. In conclusion, pigs fed 0 or 10% DDGS presented similar performance; however, pigs fed the high level of L-Lys HCl presented decreased performance.

scholarly journals Mycelial biomass cultivation of Lentinus crinitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaruã Machri Colla ◽  
Olavo Bilac Quaresma de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Janyeli Dorini Silva de Freitas ◽  
Míria Benetati Delgado Bertéli ◽  
Giani Andrea Linde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Lentinus crinitus is a medicinal basidiomycete, little studied regarding the basic cultivation conditions, which is used in bioremediation and consumed by native Indians from the Brazilian Amazon. Also, it produces a fungal secondary metabolite panepoxydone that has been described as an essential regulator of the inflammatory and immune response. This study aimed to evaluate basic conditions of temperature, pH, and nitrogen concentration and source in the cultivation of L. crinitus mycelial biomass. In order to evaluate fungal growth temperature, 2% malt extract agar (MEA) medium, pH 5.5, was utilized from 19 to 40 °C. For pH, MEA had pH adjusted from 2 to 11 and cultivated at 28 °C. Urea or soybean meal was added to MEA to obtain final concentration from 0.5 and 16 g/L of nitrogen, pH of 5.5, cultivated at 28 °C. The best temperature growth varies from 31 to 34 ºC and the optimal one is 32.7º C, and the best pH ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 and the optimal one is 6.1. Protein or non-protein nitrogen concentration is inversely proportional to the mycelial biomass growth. Nitrogen concentrations of 2.0 g/L soybean meal and urea inhibit mycelial biomass growth in 11% and 12%, respectively, but high concentrations of 16.0 g/L nitrogen inhibit the growth in 46% and 95%, respectively. The fungus is robust and grows under extreme conditions of temperature and pH, but smaller adaptation with increasing nitrogen concentrations in the cultivation medium, mainly non-protein nitrogen.

scholarly journals Lack of interactive effects between diet composition and acid addition with drying method on amino acid digestibility values in porcine ileal digesta

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Kerr ◽  
Shelby M Curry ◽  
Brett C Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Ph Level

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of oven drying (OD) or freeze drying (FD) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 15 barrows (88.4 ± 6.4 kg) were allotted to either a corn starch–soybean meal (CST), potato starch–soybean meal (PST), or corn–soybean meal (CSBM) diet, over 2 collection periods. Following collection, samples were pooled within pig and subdivided into either OD or FD, resulting in 10 observations per diet by drying-method combination. In experiment 2, 11 barrows (63.3 ± 3.8 kg) were fed a CST diet, and, following collection, samples were pooled within pig and subdivided and either adjusted to pH 4 or remain unadjusted. Subsets of these samples were then subdivided to be either FD or OD, resulting in 11 observations per pH level by drying-method combination. OD was accomplished by drying samples in a forced air oven at either 100 °C (experiment 1) or 75 °C (experiment 2). In experiment 1, there was no diet type by drying-method interactions noted for any of the AA (P > 0.10).OD resulted in a higher AID of AA compared with samples which were FD (P ≤ 0.10), for all AA except for Gly and Tyr. Averaged across all AA, AID of AA was 3.3% greater if the sample was OD compared with FD. Differences in AID of AA among the 3 diets were noted for all AA (P ≤ 0.07), except for Cys (P = 0.33), due to the fact that CST and PST diets only contained soybean meal (SBM) as an AA-providing ingredient while the CSBM diet contained both corn and SBM. Pigs fed the PST diet had greater SID for all AA compared with pigs fed the CST diet (P ≤ 0.05), except for His, Lys, Cys, and Glu. In experiment 2, there were no pH-adjustment by drying-method interactions noted on AID for any of the AA (P > 0.10). Adjusting ileal digesta to a pH of 4.0 had little effect on AID for most of the AA, except for a lowered AID of Arg, His, Lys, Trp, and Ser (P ≤ 0.10). OD resulted in a higher AID for all AA (P ≤ 0.09) except for Ile, Thr, Val, Ala, Asp, Glu, and Gly. Averaged across all AA, the increase in AID of AA was 1.7% greater if the sample was OD compared with FD. On average, OD of ileal digesta resulted in a 2.5% greater estimate of AID of AA compared with samples that were FD, and was not diet-, pH-, or AA-dependent. Because the majority of the data on AA digestibility are based on FD, a bias factor may be necessary to adjust AA digestibility data obtained on an OD-basis relative to an FD-basis for use in feed formulation.

scholarly journals Fusarium Oxysporum Disrupts Microbiome-Metabolome Networks in Arabidopsis Thaliana Roots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Narh Kudjordjie ◽  
Kourosh Hooshmand ◽  
Rumakanta Sapkota ◽  
Inge S. Fomsgaard ◽  
Mogens Nicolaisen
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

Abstract BackgroundAlthough it is well established that plant metabolomes mediate microbiome assembly, the question of how metabolome-microbiome interactions may prevent pathogen invasion remains to be answered. To address this question, we studied microbiome and metabolome profiles of two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) with differential resistance profiles to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. mathioli (FOM). We used amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial (16S) and fungal (ITS2) communities, and we used targeted metabolite analysis across 5 stages of FOM host progression. ResultsWe found that microbiome and metabolome profiles were markedly altered in FOM-inoculated and non-inoculated samples of resistant Col-0 and susceptible Ler-0. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed robust microbial networks in the resistant Col-0 compared to the susceptible Ler-0, during FOM infection. Specific metabolites and microbial OTUs (including indicator and hub OTUs) correlated in both non-inoculated and inoculated Col-0 and Ler-0. The glucosinolates 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and indole-3 carbinol, but also phenolic compounds were active in structuring the A. thaliana-microbiome. ConclusionsOur results highlight the interactive effects of host resistance and its associated microbiota on Fusarium infection and progression. These findings shed significant insights into plant inter-omics dynamics during pathogen invasion and could possibly facilitate the exploitation of microbiomes for plant disease control.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium oxysporum ISOLATES AND RESISTANCE OF PASSION FRUIT GENOTYPES TO FUSARIOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
LETÍCIA MAGALHÃES TEIXEIRA ◽  
LÍSIAS COELHO ◽  
NILVANIRA DONIZETE TEBALDI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

ABSTRACT Passion fruit wilt, caused by Fusarium spp., is one of the most severe diseases for this crop. Although yellow passion fruit is propagated mostly by seeds, the use of rootstocks tolerant to early death could be a management strategy for cultivation in areas with disease history. Thus, this study characterized Fusarium isolates obtained in Triângulo Mineiro and determined the most suitable genotype to use for grafting to reduce losses caused by this pathogen. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium isolates, in three different growth media, was quantified by measuring colony diameter and by counting the conidia in Neubauer chamber 10 days after growth in malt extract-agar 2%, PDA or CMA at 22 ± 3ºC and 12 hours lighting. Five days later the color of the colonies was evaluated. The experimental design was a 4x3 factorial completely randomized design, with five replications. Characterization of morphological structures of isolates was done with minimum cultivation in Malt extract-agar 2% amended with sterilized soil + sand (1:1). Three Passiflora species and two seedling types were used as rootstock to evaluate field resistance to fusariosis, in a randomized block design, as a 3x2 factorial, with three Passiflora species (P. alata, P. setacea and P. edulis) and two seedling types (ungrafted or grafted with P. edulis). The medium PDA was the least favorable for mycelial growth of the isolates. The best medium for conidium production was Malt extract and the most sporulating isolates were Fus-01 and Fus-02. Isolate color varied from white to pink to violet. Only Fus-02 and Fus-04 formed macro and microconidia. Shape, dimensions and septa number of macroconidia and microconidia, as well as the presence of characteristic monophyalides allowed the classification of all isolates as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae. Passiflora alata and P. setacea, used as rootstocks for P. edulis in the field, were resistant to fusariosis. Despite its low survival, P. edulis grafted on itsef, promoted similar growth of secondary branches as P. setacea in the field.

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