scholarly journals Understanding the role of Oryza sativa OsPILS (PIN Like) genes in auxin signaling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Kumar Mohanta ◽  
Nibedita Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Auxin Transporter ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers ◽  
Root Tissues

The phytohormone auxin is one of the most important signaling molecule that undergo accumulation or depletion in temporal or spatial manner due to wide arrays of changes in developmental or stress programme. Proper distribution, maintenance and homeostasis of auxin molecules across the plant system is one of the most important phenomena. The distribution and homeostasis of auxin is maintained by auxin transport system across the plant. Auxin transportation is carried out by auxin transporter family proteins, popularly known as auxin efflux carriers (PINs). Besides, auxin efflux carrier family proteins, a sub-family of auxin efflux carriers (OsPILS) being identified from Oryza sativa and reported here. Oryza sativa encodes for seven putative sub-cellularly localized transmembrane PILS proteins. Differential expression of OsPILS genes are found to be regulated by auxin and cytokinin dependent manner. In auxin treated plants, all OsPILS genes are up-regulated in leaf tissues and down regulated in root tissues during third week time point. In cytokinin treated plants, maximum of OsPILS genes were up-regulated both in leafs and roots tissues during third week time period. Regulation of gene expression of OsPILS genes by auxin and cytokinin during third week time period reflects its important roles during plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of Oryza sativa OsPILS (PIN Like) genes in auxin signaling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Kumar Mohanta ◽  
Nibedita Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Auxin Transporter ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers ◽  
Root Tissues

The phytohormone auxin is one of the most important signaling molecule that undergo accumulation or depletion in temporal or spatial manner due to wide arrays of changes in developmental or stress programme. Proper distribution, maintenance and homeostasis of auxin molecules across the plant system is one of the most important phenomena. The distribution and homeostasis of auxin is maintained by auxin transport system across the plant. Auxin transportation is carried out by auxin transporter family proteins, popularly known as auxin efflux carriers (PINs). Besides, auxin efflux carrier family proteins, a sub-family of auxin efflux carriers (OsPILS) being identified from Oryza sativa and reported here. Oryza sativa encodes for seven putative sub-cellularly localized transmembrane PILS proteins. Differential expression of OsPILS genes are found to be regulated by auxin and cytokinin dependent manner. In auxin treated plants, all OsPILS genes are up-regulated in leaf tissues and down regulated in root tissues during third week time point. In cytokinin treated plants, maximum of OsPILS genes were up-regulated both in leafs and roots tissues during third week time period. Regulation of gene expression of OsPILS genes by auxin and cytokinin during third week time period reflects its important roles during plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Flow-dependent regulation of endothelial Tie2 by GATA3 in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitayo O. Idowu ◽  
Valerie Etzrodt ◽  
Thorben Pape ◽  
Joerg Heineke ◽  
Klaus Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelium ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
Plasmid Delivery

Abstract Background Reduced endothelial Tie2 expression occurs in diverse experimental models of critical illness, and experimental Tie2 suppression is sufficient to increase spontaneous vascular permeability. Looking for a common denominator among different critical illnesses that could drive the same Tie2 suppressive (thereby leak inducing) phenotype, we identified “circulatory shock” as a shared feature and postulated a flow-dependency of Tie2 gene expression in a GATA3 dependent manner. Here, we analyzed if this mechanism of flow-regulation of gene expression exists in vivo in the absence of inflammation. Results To experimentally mimic a shock-like situation, we developed a murine model of clonidine-induced hypotension by targeting a reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) of approximately 50% over 4 h. We found that hypotension-induced reduction of flow in the absence of confounding disease factors (i.e., inflammation, injury, among others) is sufficient to suppress GATA3 and Tie2 transcription. Conditional endothelial-specific GATA3 knockdown (B6-Gata3tm1-Jfz VE-Cadherin(PAC)-cerERT2) led to baseline Tie2 suppression inducing spontaneous vascular leak. On the contrary, the transient overexpression of GATA3 in the pulmonary endothelium (jet-PEI plasmid delivery platform) was sufficient to increase Tie2 at baseline and completely block its hypotension-induced acute drop. On the functional level, the Tie2 protection by GATA3 overexpression abrogated the development of pulmonary capillary leakage. Conclusions The data suggest that the GATA3–Tie2 signaling pathway might play a pivotal role in controlling vascular barrier function and that it is affected in diverse critical illnesses with shock as a consequence of a flow-regulated gene response. Targeting this novel mechanism might offer therapeutic opportunities to treat vascular leakage of diverse etiologies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Alternative Staining Method Using SYTO 13 to Determine Reticulated Platelets

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (05) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hille ◽  
Marco Cederqvist ◽  
Julia Hromek ◽  
Christian Stratz ◽  
Dietmar Trenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reticulated Platelets ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
Rna Quantification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Syto 13

AbstractReticulated platelets reflect the rate of platelet turnover and represent the youngest circulating platelets in peripheral blood. Reticulated platelets contain residual ribonucleic acid (RNA) from megakaryocytes which is lost in a time-dependent manner and can be transcribed into proteins even in the absence of a nucleus. An increased proportion of reticulated platelets is associated with higher platelet reactivity, cardiovascular events and mortality. At present, a fully automated assay system (SYSMEX haematology analyser) is available for analysis. This method, however, is not suitable for extended laboratory investigations like subsequent cell sorting. Flow cytometry analysis after staining with thiazole orange (TO) is frequently used in such settings despite several limitations. Here, we describe a new assay for determination of reticulated platelets by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid staining dye SYTO 13 and compare it with SYSMEX and TO staining as current standards. A significant correlation between immature platelet fraction (IPF) determined by SYSMEX XE-2100 analyser and results obtained with the SYTO 13-based assay was observed (r = 0.668, p < 0.001) which was stable during a reasonable time period. In contrast, the correlation between TO staining and IPF was weaker (r = 0.478, p = 0.029) and lost after 90 minutes of staining. SYTO 13 staining of platelets enabled sorting of RNAlow and RNArich platelets which was confirmed by RNA quantification of sorted platelets. Except for fixation of platelets, sorting of these platelet sub-populations was stable under various experimental settings. In summary, determination of reticulated platelets with the new SYTO 13 assay offers distinct technical advantages enabling further laboratory processing.

scholarly journals Genome-wide H3K9 Acetylation Level Increases with Age-Dependent Senescence of Flag Leaf in Rice (Oryza sativa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yanyun Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Deyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Leaf Aging ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
H3k9 Acetylation

Flag leaf senescence is an important biological process that drives the remobilization of nutrients to the growing organs of rice. Leaf senescence is controlled by genetic information via gene expression and epigenetic modification, but the precise mechanism is as of yet unclear. Here, we analyzed genome-wide acetylated lysine residue 9 of histone H3 (H3K9ac) enrichment by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and examined its association with transcriptomes by RNA-seq during flag leaf aging in rice (Oryza sativa). We found that genome-wide H3K9 acetylation levels increased with age-dependent senescence in rice flag leaf, and there was a positive correlation between the density and breadth of H3K9ac and gene expression and transcript elongation. A set of 1,249 up-regulated, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 996 down-regulated DEGs showing a strong relationship between temporal changes in gene expression and gain/loss of H3K9ac was observed during rice flag leaf aging. We produced a landscape of H3K9 acetylation- modified gene expression targets that includes known senescence-associated genes, metabolism-related genes, as well as miRNA biosynthesis- related genes. Our findings reveal a complex regulatory network of metabolism- and senescence-related pathways mediated by H3K9ac and also elucidate patterns of H3K9ac-mediated regulation of gene expression during flag leaf aging in rice.

scholarly journals Farnesol and Tyrosol: Secondary Metabolites with a Crucial quorum-sensing Role in Candida Biofilm Development

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia F. Rodrigues ◽  
Lucia Černáková
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Spherical Cells ◽  
Biofilm Development

When living in biological and interactive communities, microorganisms use quorum-sensing mechanisms for their communication. According to cell density, bacteria and fungi can produce signaling molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites), which participate, for example, in the regulation of gene expression and coordination of collective behavior in their natural niche. The existence of these secondary metabolites plays a main role in competence, colonization of host tissues and surfaces, morphogenesis, and biofilm development. Therefore, for the design of new antibacterials or antifungals and understanding on how these mechanisms occur, to inhibit the secretion of quorum-sensing (e.g., farnesol and tyrosol) molecules leading the progress of microbial infections seems to be an interesting option. In yeasts, farnesol has a main role in the morphological transition, inhibiting hyphae production in a concentration-dependent manner, while tyrosol has a contrary function, stimulating transition from spherical cells to germ tube form. It is beyond doubt that secretion of both molecules by fungi has not been fully described, but specific meaning for their existence has been found. This brief review summarizes the important function of these two compounds as signaling chemicals participating mainly in Candida morphogenesis and regulatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals The PIN-FORMED Auxin Efflux Carriers in Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Zhou ◽  
Jie Luo
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subcellular Trafficking ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers ◽  
Hydrophilic Loop ◽  
Polar Distribution

Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The intercellular directionality of auxin flow is closely related to the asymmetric subcellular location of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. All PIN proteins have a conserved structure with a central hydrophilic loop domain, which harbors several phosphosites targeted by a set of protein kinases. The activities of PIN proteins are finely regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli at multiple layers—including transcriptional and epigenetic levels, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular trafficking, as well as PINs’ recycling and turnover—to facilitate the developmental processes in an auxin gradient-dependent manner. Here, the recent advances in the structure, evolution, regulation and functions of PIN proteins in plants will be discussed. The information provided by this review will shed new light on the asymmetric auxin-distribution-dependent development processes mediated by PIN transporters in plants.

Sequencing and Characterization of the xyl Operon of a Gram-Positive Bacterium, Tetragenococcus halophila

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2513-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takeda ◽  
Kazuma Takase ◽  
Ichiro Yamato ◽  
Keietsu Abe
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Palindromic Structure

ABSTRACT The xyl operon of a gram-positive bacterium,Tetragenococcus halophila (previously calledPediococcus halophilus), was cloned and sequenced. The DNA was about 7.7 kb long and contained genes for a ribose binding protein and part of a ribose transporter, xylR (a putative regulatory gene), and the xyl operon, along with its regulatory region and transcription termination signal, in this order. The DNA was AT rich, the GC content being 35.8%, consistent with the GC content of this gram-positive bacterium. The xyl operon consisted of three genes, xylA, encoding a xylose isomerase, xylB, encoding a xylulose kinase, andxylE, encoding a xylose transporter, with predicted molecular weights of 49,400, 56,400, and 51,600, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the XylR, XylA, XylB, and XylE proteins were similar to those of the corresponding proteins in other gram-positive and -negative bacteria, the similarities being 37 to 64%. Each polypeptide of XylB and XylE was expressed functionally inEscherichia coli. XylE transported d-xylose in a sodium ion-dependent manner, suggesting that it is the first described xylose/Na+ symporter. The XylR protein contained a consensus sequence for binding catabolites of glucose, such as glucose-6-phosphate, which has been discovered in glucose and fructose kinases in bacteria. Correspondingly, the regulatory region of this operon contained a putative binding site of XylR with a palindromic structure. Furthermore, it contained a consensus sequence, CRE (catabolite-responsive element), for binding CcpA (catabolite control protein A). We speculate that the transcriptional regulation of this operon resembles the regulation of catabolite-repressible operons such as the amy, lev, xyl, andgnt operons in various gram-positive bacteria. We discuss the significance of the regulation of gene expression of this operon inT. halophila.

scholarly journals Global Regulation of Gene Expression and Cell Differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus in Response to Nutrient Availability

2009 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. England ◽  
Barrett S. Perchuk ◽  
Michael T. Laub ◽  
James W. Gober
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Swarmer Cell ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

ABSTRACT In a developmental strategy designed to efficiently exploit and colonize sparse oligotrophic environments, Caulobacter crescentus cells divide asymmetrically, yielding a motile swarmer cell and a sessile stalked cell. After a relatively fixed time period under typical culture conditions, the swarmer cell differentiates into a replicative stalked cell. Since differentiation into the stalked cell type is irreversible, it is likely that environmental factors such as the availability of essential nutrients would influence the timing of the decision to abandon motility and adopt a sessile lifestyle. We measured two different parameters in nutrient-limited chemostat cultures, biomass concentration and the ratio of nonstalked to stalked cells, over a range of flow rates and found that nitrogen limitation significantly extended the swarmer cell life span. The transcriptional profiling experiments described here generate the first comprehensive picture of the global regulatory strategies used by an oligotroph when confronted with an environment where key macronutrients are sparse. The pattern of regulated gene expression in nitrogen- and carbon-limited cells shares some features in common with most copiotrophic organisms, but critical differences suggest that Caulobacter, and perhaps other oligotrophs, have evolved regulatory strategies to deal distinctly with their natural environments. We hypothesize that nitrogen limitation extends the swarmer cell lifetime by delaying the onset of a sequence of differentiation events, which when initiated by the correct combination of external environmental cues, sets the swarmer cell on a path to differentiate into a stalked cell within a fixed time period.

Suicide inactivation of aromatase in human placenta and uterine leiomyoma by 5α-dihydronorethindrone, a metabolite of norethindrone, and its effect on steroid-producing enzymes

1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takara Yamamoto ◽  
Takaya Tamura ◽  
Jo Kitawaki ◽  
Yoshio Osawa ◽  
Hiroji Okada
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Suicide Inactivation

Yamamoto T, Tamura T, Kitawaki J, Osawa Y, Okada H. Suicide inactivation of aromatase in human placenta and uterine leiomyoma by 5α-dihydronorethindrone, a metabolite of norethindrone, and its effect on steroid-producing enzymes. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:634–40. ISSN 0804–4643 Norethindrone (NET; 17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone), a progestogen component of the contraceptive pill, irreversibly inhibits aromatase activity in human placental microsomes. However, it is known also to be aromatized in vitro and in vivo to produce a biologically very active estrogen called ethynylestradiol (EE2). It is therefore inappropriate to administer a high dose of NET to estrogendependent cancer patients for a prolonged time period. In this study, we focused on 5α-dihydronorethindrone (5α-DHNET), a metabolite of NET that is not aromatizable, and the inhibitory effects of 5α-DHNET on human placental and uterine leiomyoma microsomal aromatase and other steroid synthetases. 5α-Dihydronorethindrone showed weak affinity for both estrogen and progestogen receptors. It inhibited significantly human placental aromatase activity in a dose-dependent manner (Ki = 9.0 μmol/l; Kinact = 0.024/min), as well as that of uterine leiomyoma, but did not influence cholesterol side-chain cleavage or 17α-hydroxylase, 21-hydroxylase or 11β-hydroxylase activities. These results suggest that 5α-DHNET may be useful as an aromatase inhibitor, whose use in large doses is expected to reduce the size of estrogen-dependent tumors. Takara Yamamoto, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-Ku, Kyoto 602, Japan

scholarly journals Interactions with p300 enhance transcriptional activation by the PDZ-domain coactivator Bridge-1

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee H Lee ◽  
Jamie L Volinic ◽  
Constanze Banz ◽  
Kwok-Ming Yao ◽  
Melissa K Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Pdz Domain ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Multiple Regions

Transcriptional coactivators are essential mediators of signal amplification in the regulation of gene expression in response to hormones and extracellular signals. We previously identified Bridge-1 (PSMD9) as a PDZ-domain coregulator that augments insulin gene transcription via interactions with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors E12 and E47, and that increases transcriptional activation by the homeodomain transcription factor PDX-1. In these studies, we find that transcriptional activation by Bridge-1 can be regulated via interactions with the histone acetyltransferase and nuclear receptor coactivator p300. In transfection assays, transcriptional activation by Bridge-1 is increased by the inhibition of endogenous histone deacetylase activity with trichostatin A, indicating that the transcriptional activation function of Bridge-1 can be regulated by histone modifications. The exogenous expression of p300 enhances the transcriptional activation by Bridge-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the sequestration of p300 by the overexpression of the adenoviral protein E1A, but not by an E1A mutant protein that is unable to interact with p300, suppresses the transcriptional activation by Bridge-1. We demonstrate that p300 and Bridge-1 proteins interact in immunopre-cipitation and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays. Bridge-1 interacts directly with multiple regions within p300 that encompass C/H1 or C/H2 cysteine- and histidine-rich protein interaction domains and the histone acetyltransferase domain. Deletion or point mutagenesis of the Bridge-1 PDZ domain substantially reduces transcriptional activation by Bridge-1 and interrupts interactions with p300. We propose that p300 interactions with Bridge-1 can augment the transcriptional activation of regulatory target genes by Bridge-1.

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