scholarly journals Bats of the Philippine Islands –a review of research directions and relevance to national-level priorities and targets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krizler C Tanalgo ◽  
Alice C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bat Conservation

Effective science-based conservation priorities and policies are crucially important to effectively maintain biodiversity into the future. For many threatened species and systems insufficient information exists to generate priorities, or the mechanisms needed to effectively conserve species into the future, and this is especially important in megadiversity countries like the Philippines, threatened by rapid rates of development and with few overarching strategies to maintain their biodiversity. Here, using a bibliographic approach to indicate research strengths and priorities, we summarised scientific information on Philippine bats from 2000-2017. We examine relationships between thematic areas and effort allocated for each species bat guild, and conservation status. We found that an average of 7.9 studies was published annually with the majority focused on diversity and community surveys. However, research effort is not even between taxonomic groups, thematic areas or species, with disproportionate effort focusing on ‘taxonomy and systematics’ and ‘ecology’. Species effort allocation between threatened and less threatened species does not show a significant difference, though this may be because generalist species are found in many studies, whereas rarer species have single species studies devoted to them. A growing collaborative effort in bat conservation initiatives in the Philippines has focused on the protection of many endemic and threatened species (e.g., flying foxes) and their habitats. The implementation of conservation relevant policies, outreach programs, capacity building, and mainstreaming of evidence-based conservation are encouraged to strengthen bat conservation in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Bats of the Philippine Islands –a review of research directions and relevance to national-level priorities and targets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krizler C Tanalgo ◽  
Alice C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bat Conservation

Effective science-based conservation priorities and policies are crucially important to effectively maintain biodiversity into the future. For many threatened species and systems insufficient information exists to generate priorities, or the mechanisms needed to effectively conserve species into the future, and this is especially important in megadiversity countries like the Philippines, threatened by rapid rates of development and with few overarching strategies to maintain their biodiversity. Here, using a bibliographic approach to indicate research strengths and priorities, we summarised scientific information on Philippine bats from 2000-2017. We examine relationships between thematic areas and effort allocated for each species bat guild, and conservation status. We found that an average of 7.9 studies was published annually with the majority focused on diversity and community surveys. However, research effort is not even between taxonomic groups, thematic areas or species, with disproportionate effort focusing on ‘taxonomy and systematics’ and ‘ecology’. Species effort allocation between threatened and less threatened species does not show a significant difference, though this may be because generalist species are found in many studies, whereas rarer species have single species studies devoted to them. A growing collaborative effort in bat conservation initiatives in the Philippines has focused on the protection of many endemic and threatened species (e.g., flying foxes) and their habitats. The implementation of conservation relevant policies, outreach programs, capacity building, and mainstreaming of evidence-based conservation are encouraged to strengthen bat conservation in the Philippines.

scholarly journals A review of the global conservation status of bats

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Mickleburgh ◽  
Anthony M. Hutson ◽  
Paul A. Racey
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
Bat Conservation

There are 1,001 species of bats, almost a quarter of which are globally threatened. The Chiroptera Specialist Group of IUCN's Species Survival Commission has produced two Action Plans examining conservation issues for all species and detailing recommendations for action to conserve the most threatened species and habitats. These Plans are aimed principally at key decision makers as well as organisations and individuals who are promoting bat conservation issues. The underlying threat to bats is pressure on resources from increasing human populations that leads to the loss or modification of foraging habitats and roosts. Bats frequently have a negative public image that influences the response to the problems of rabies and vampire bats in Latin America and conflicts between bats and commercial fruit growers in other areas of the world. In some areas bats are persecuted because people are ignorant of the life history of bats and their role in ecosystems, while in other areas bats are overexploited for food. There is also a general lack of information about the distribution, status, biology and ecology of many species. This review examines some of the more general issues relating to bat conservation. It provides information on bat faunas of all countries worldwide, and on the most threatened species. It highlights the priority areas where action is needed immediately at a global, regional or national level. It highlights in particular the global importance of islands and caves for bats.

scholarly journals Conservation Status of Marine Biodiversity in Oceania: An Analysis of Marine Species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Polidoro ◽  
Cristiane T. Elfes ◽  
Jonnell C. Sanciangco ◽  
Helen Pippard ◽  
Kent E. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Conservation Action

Given the economic and cultural dependence on the marine environment in Oceania and a rapidly expanding human population, many marine species populations are in decline and may be vulnerable to extinction from a number of local and regional threats. IUCN Red List assessments, a widely used system for quantifying threats to species and assessing species extinction risk, have been completed for 1190 marine species in Oceania to date, including all known species of corals, mangroves, seagrasses, sea snakes, marine mammals, sea birds, sea turtles, sharks, and rays present in Oceania, plus all species in five important perciform fish groups. Many of the species in these groups are threatened by the modification or destruction of coastal habitats, overfishing from direct or indirect exploitation, pollution, and other ecological or environmental changes associated with climate change. Spatial analyses of threatened species highlight priority areas for both site- and species-specific conservation action. Although increased knowledge and use of newly available IUCN Red List assessments for marine species can greatly improve conservation priorities for marine species in Oceania, many important fish groups are still in urgent need of assessment.

scholarly journals Important but not a priority? Conservation concerns and priorities for the Philippine bats in the Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krizler C Tanalgo ◽  
Alice C Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Bat Conservation ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Effective Conservation

Anthropogenic environmental changes coupled with rapid population growth are altering the Earth’s biota at an unprecedented rate, posing an alarming threat to the long-term persistence of many species of both animals and plants. The Philippine archipelago includes over 7000 islands, and of its diverse mammalian biota bats make up a significant proportion, and fulfil vital roles to maintain ecosystem health. Given the high species richness, endemism, vulnerability, and disparity in efforts, the Philippines is a conservation priority for bats. In this study, we aim to determine the vulnerability of Philippine bat species from different threats in order to establish effective conservation decision making and prioritisation in the future. Habitat loss and direct human-driven factors (e.g., hunting) are the main threats to more than half of Philippine bat species. We found that body size and number of threats are important correlates of species vulnerability. While there is no correlation in neither threat levels nor body size with research effort and allocation. We suggest that priorities should consider multiple facets of knowledge gaps, levels of threats and species vulnerability for effective conservation. Carefully looking at the emerging threats, increasing conservation education, and forging equitable partnerships and capacity building to bolster bat conservation in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Is legal protection sufficient to ensure plant conservation? The Italian Red List of policy species as a case study

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziano Rossi ◽  
Simone Orsenigo ◽  
Chiara Montagnani ◽  
Giuseppe Fenu ◽  
Domenico Gargano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Bern Convention

AbstractThe conservation of species listed in the Bern Convention and European Directive 1992/43/EEC (so-called policy species) is mandatory for European Union (EU) countries. We assessed the conservation status of Italian policy species, based on the IUCN categories and criteria, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protection measures at the national level. Among the 203 vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens evaluated, 41.9% are categorized as threatened, and one is already extinct, indicating that the protection measures for policy species are inadequate. Our results for the Italian policy species are consistent with those of an assessment at the EU level. Conservation priorities should be established at both the national and regional scales. An effective conservation strategy is needed, and in situ and ex situ actions focused on threatened species should be promoted.

Classifying threatened species: means and ends

1994 ◽  
Vol 344 (1307) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Threatened species lists are widely consulted as sources of information on the conservation status of species. However, their application to planning for conservation is limited because they have not been developed systematically, and because the criteria used to judge extinction risk are subjective. Recently, new proposals have been made to increase the broader usefulness of these lists, and some elements of these proposals are reviewed here. Apart from indicating the geographical and taxonomic groups containing most threatened species, these lists can provide other kinds of information. Some data from threatened species classifications using quantitative criteria provide a new method for estimating extinction rates in a variety of vertebrate taxa. This analysis suggests that over the next 100 years, the extinction rate could be as high as 15-20% in these groups. These values are comparable to those based upon extrapolations from species-area curves. However, allocating threatened species categories is only a first step towards developing rational systems for setting conservation priorities. These systems will need to consider a quite different set of variables, including those for incorporating species conservation priorities in area-based planning

scholarly journals Mismatch of Research Effort and Threat in Avian Conservation Biology

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Brito ◽  
Monik Oprea
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Avian Conservation ◽  
Threatened Taxa ◽  
Published Research

Avian declines and extinctions are a worldwide concern. Conservation priorities for birds should target threatened taxa (taxonomic targets) and regions with high levels of species richness and endemism (geographical targets). Does published research on bird conservation reflect the global taxonomic and geographic priorities? We surveyed six years (2000–2005) of six international conservation journals, and analyzed all articles on birds. Attention indexes were calculated for orders, threatened species, and biogeographic realms. We also examined how well research from tropical nations (with high levels of richness and endemism) are represented in the international literature. Results show that Struthioniformes is the order that has the highest attention (0.54), mostly because this order has relatively few species, and the lowest attention was recorded for Coliiformes (0.00). For some orders (Anseriformes, Apodiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Coraciiformes, Cuculiformes, Gaviiformes, Pelecaniformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Podicipediformes, Struthioniformes, Tinamiformes and Trogoniformes), most of the published research focuses on non-threatened species. The Nearctic and Palearctic are the biogeographic realms that receive most attention by avian conservationists. However, the Neotropical, Afrotropical, and Indomalayan are the regions with higher species diversity. Eighty-four countries contributed articles, but the majority of bird conservation research is conducted by North American and western European researchers. There is urgent need for capacity building in tropical developing nations. Birds are seriously threatened and are rapidly declining worldwide. However, bird conservation is still misplacing its focus in lower-biodiversity regions and for some orders focusing in non-threatened species. If such trends are not changed, the consequences for the persistence of birds worldwide may be dire.

scholarly journals Diversity patterns and conservation status of native argentinean crucifers (Brassicaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-566
Author(s):  
Diego L. Salariato ◽  
Fernando O. Zuloaga
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Species List ◽  
Patagonian Steppe ◽  
Distribution Maps

Global warming, coupled with habitat destruction and human activity, are accelerating the rates of species extinction worldwide. Species-extinction risk assessment using the IUCN Red List categories, together with the study of the spatial patterns of biodiversity, are fundamental approaches for identifying conservation priorities and targeting government decisions to mitigate impacts on biodiversity. Here, we analyzed the geographic distribution of Argentinean species of Brassicaceae using species point distributional data. In this way, we classified species following the IUCN threat categories at a regional level, and analyzed patterns of richness, endemism, and threat on the different ecoregions and biomes of the country. In addition, we also explored differences in elevation, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and aridity between endemic vs. non-endemic and threatened vs. non-threatened species. The results showed that of the 162 Argentinean taxa, 58 species were here categorized as threatened (VU, EN, or CR) (36%). However, when only endemics are considered, more than half of these (33 spp, 57%) are threatened. Although species inhabit all environments and biogeographic regions of the country, arid to semi-arid areas, which are associated to the Andes and the Patagonian steppe, contained most of the species. Specifically, the Central Andean Puna and the Patagonian steppe ecoregions included the greatest number of species, endemics, and threatened species. Furthermore, different hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat were detected along Andean regions and the Patagonian steppe, and endemics were characterized by inhabiting on average drier areas than non-endemic native species. An up-to-date species list, including conservation status, distribution maps for all species, hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat, are also provided. This work seeks to contribute to the knowledge on geographical patterns of the Argentinean flora and its conservation, complementing the information published in the Flora of Argentina.

scholarly journals Population sizes and the conservation status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Karakelang, Talaud Islands, Indonesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Riley
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Secondary Habitats

Karakelang, largest of the Talaud Islands, Indonesia, was visited in 1999 with the aim of producing population estimates of globally threatened and Restricted-range bird species. Density estimates were calculated from primary forest and secondary habitats using the variable circular plot method. Eight of the nine restricted-range or threatened species resident on Karakelang were recorded and density estimates calculated for five of these. Two species of rail are endemic to Karakelang, Talaud Bush-hen Amaurornis magnirostris and Talaud Rail Gymnocrex talaudensis. The bush-hen was encountered in secondary habitat but occurred at higher densities in primary forest and the estimated population was 2,350–9,560 birds. The less vocal, cryptic G. talaudensis was noted just twice, in primary forest close to rivers. Both have small populations, are threatened by habitat degradation, hunting, and possibly predation by introduced rats and should be classified as threatened. Population densities of the Endangered, endemic Red-and-blue Lory Eos histrio had remained stable since the last survey in 1997. They occurred at higher densities in primary forest, but were also common in human-made habitats. The estimated population was 8,230–21,400 birds, threatened by habitat loss and trapping for the wild bird trade. Although more commonly encountered in forest, the Near Threatened Blue-naped Parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis was found at higher densities in secondary habitats, and the population was estimated at 8,130–20,700 birds. The Restricted-range Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon D. concinna was very common on Karakelang (14,500–27,700 birds), whilst the Vulnerable Grey Imperial Pigeon D. pickeringii was recorded rarely; both species were more frequently recorded in primary forest. The endemic Talaud Kingfisher Halcyon enigma occurred at low densities (5,290–8,690 birds), in primary forest and adjacent disturbed areas. It is heavily dependent on primary forest and threatened by habitat loss, and should be classified as Vulnerable. Approximately 350 km2 of primary forest on Karakelang is protected, 250 km2 as a wildlife reserve. However, at present, management is absent and forest is threatened by agricultural encroachment, illegal logging, and fire. Given that all endemic and threatened species were encountered more frequently or occurred at higher densities in primary forests, future conservation efforts should target these protected areas. Management of reserves should involve local stakeholders from government and representatives of island communities. Wildlife trade is a major threat to Eos histrio and strict enforcement of the species' protected status should include monitoring of roost sites, patrols of harbours and markets in Talaud, Sulawesi and the Philippines, and the control of Philippine fishing boats involved in the wild bird trade. Further species-specific research and monitoring is also required.

scholarly journals Native trees in Nug-as forest Key Biodiversity Area, Cebu, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo Lillo ◽  
ARCHIEBALD B. MALAKI ◽  
STEVE MICHAEL T. ALCAZAR ◽  
BERNARDO R. REDOBLADO ◽  
JOHN LOU B. DIAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Probability Of Extinction

Abstract. Lillo EP, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Redoblando BR, Diaz JLB, Pinote JP, Rosales R, Buot IE Jr. 2020. Native trees in Nug-as forest Key Biodiversity Area, Cebu, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 4162-4167. Threatened species, by definition, have a high probability of extinction, and so each of their populations significantly contributes to their survival. This paper presents a list of threatened Native trees in Nug-as forest of the Municipality of Alcoy, Cebu. A list of indicators was used to identify the conservation status of the Native trees at the local level. A total of 135 native trees from 48 families and 105 genera were recorded. Most species belong to the families of Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Clusiaceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae, Fabaceae, and Rutaceae. In this study, 62 species were categorized as threatened, and 72 species as Least Concern, while in IUCN classification 19 threatened species were recorded, and 111 taxa considered as Least Concern respectively. Using the DENR method of classification 15 threatened species were recorded, and 115 taxa considered as Not Evaluated. The Nug-as forest was degraded by illegal cutting, kaingin, hunting and charcoal making. Based from Beynen and Townsend analysis, Nug-as forest was categorized as moderately disturbed. While DENR and IUCN declaration on the status of the Philippine native trees take a very long time, threatened plant species would be gone before we know it, considering the destruction rate in the Philippines.

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