scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rk1 bioactivity: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Elshafay ◽  
Ngo Xuan Tinh ◽  
Samar Salman ◽  
Yara Saber Shaheen ◽  
Eman Bashir Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Abstract Ginsenoside Rk1 (G-Rk1) is one of the unique components created by processing ginseng at high temperature, in particular of Sun Ginseng (SG). The aim of our study was to systematically review the pharmacological effects of G-Rk1.we conducted our search in eight databases and searched manually to select in vivo and in vitro original studies that provided information about biological pharmaceutical effects of G-Rk1 and were published up to August 2015 with no restriction in language or study design. We retrieved 21 eligible papers out of 121 identified ones. Some studies confirmed the G-Rk1 anticancer effects by investigating “cell viability”, “cell proliferation inhibition”, “apoptotic activity”, “anticancer activity” and “effects of G-Rk1 on G1 phase and autophagy in tumor cells” either alone or in combination with G-Rg5. Others proved that it has anti-platelet aggregation activities and anti-inflammatory effects, enhances cognitive function, reduces lipid accumulation and prevents osteoporosis. In conclusion, G-Rk1 has a significant anti-tumor effect of liver cancer, melanoma, and gastric cancer. Additionally, G-Rk1 has demonstrated as anti-platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipid accumulation. All these results corroborate the clinical effects of G-Rk1 and demonstrate the potential possibility to develop G-Rk1-based treatments, either alone or in combination with G-Rg5, with previously mentioned conditions.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rk1 bioactivity: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Elshafay ◽  
Ngo Xuan Tinh ◽  
Samar Salman ◽  
Yara Saber Shaheen ◽  
Eman Bashir Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Abstract Ginsenoside Rk1 (G-Rk1) is one of the unique components created by processing ginseng at high temperature, in particular of Sun Ginseng (SG). The aim of our study was to systematically review the pharmacological effects of G-Rk1.we conducted our search in eight databases and searched manually to select in vivo and in vitro original studies that provided information about biological pharmaceutical effects of G-Rk1 and were published up to August 2015 with no restriction in language or study design. We retrieved 21 eligible papers out of 121 identified ones. Some studies confirmed the G-Rk1 anticancer effects by investigating “cell viability”, “cell proliferation inhibition”, “apoptotic activity”, “anticancer activity” and “effects of G-Rk1 on G1 phase and autophagy in tumor cells” either alone or in combination with G-Rg5. Others proved that it has anti-platelet aggregation activities and anti-inflammatory effects, enhances cognitive function, reduces lipid accumulation and prevents osteoporosis. In conclusion, G-Rk1 has a significant anti-tumor effect of liver cancer, melanoma, and gastric cancer. Additionally, G-Rk1 has demonstrated as anti-platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipid accumulation. All these results corroborate the clinical effects of G-Rk1 and demonstrate the potential possibility to develop G-Rk1-based treatments, either alone or in combination with G-Rg5, with previously mentioned conditions.

Phytosomal Curcumin Elicits Anti-tumor Properties Through Suppression of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4626-4638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh ◽  
Seyed M. Hassanian ◽  
Farzad Rahmani ◽  
Seyed H. Aghaee-Bakhtiari ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Anti-tumor effect of curcumin has been shown in different cancers; however, the therapeutic potential of novel phytosomal curcumin, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in CRC, has not yet been explored. Methods: The anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity of phytosomal curcumin in CT26 cells was assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Phytosomal curcumin was also tested for its in-vivo activity in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. In addition, oxidant/antioxidant activity was examined by DCFH-DA assay in vitro, measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), Thiol and superoxidedismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and also evaluation of expression levels of Nrf2 and GCLM by qRT-PCR in tumor tissues. In addition, the effect of phytosomal curcumin on angiogenesis was assessed by the measurement of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and VEGF signaling regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor tissue. Results: Phytosomal curcumin exerts anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptotic activity in-vitro. It also decreases tumor growth and augmented 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-tumor effect in-vivo. In addition, our data showed that induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of VEGF signaling regulatory miRNAs might be underlying mechanisms by which phytosomal curcumin exerted its antitumor effect. Conclusion: Our data confirmed this notion that phytosomal curcumin administrates anticancer effects and can be used as a complementary treatment in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rk1 bioactivity: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Elshafay ◽  
Ngo Xuan Tinh ◽  
Samar Salman ◽  
Yara Saber Shaheen ◽  
Eman Bashir Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Antiplatelet Aggregation ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
Cancer Côlon ◽  
Ginseng Plant

Ginsenoside Rk1 (G-Rk1) is a unique component created by processing the ginseng plant (mainly Sung Ginseng (SG)) at high temperatures. The aim of our study was to systematically review the pharmacological effects of G-Rk1. We utilized and manually searched eight databases to select in vivo and in vitro original studies that provided information about biological, pharmaceutical effects of G-Rk1 and were published up to July 2017 with no restriction on language or study design. Out of the 156 papers identified, we retrieved 28 eligible papers in the first skimming phase of research. Several articles largely described the G-Rk1 anti-cancer activity investigating “cell viability”, “cell proliferation inhibition”, “apoptotic activity”, and “effects of G-Rk1 on G1 phase and autophagy in tumor cells” either alone or in combination with G-Rg5. Others proved that it has antiplatelet aggregation activities, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-insulin resistance, nephroprotective effect, antimicrobial effect, cognitive function enhancement, lipid accumulation reduction and prevents osteoporosis. In conclusion, G-Rk1 has a significant anti-tumor effect on liver cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma against in vitro cell lines. In vivo experiments are further warranted to confirm these effects.

scholarly journals Effects of New NSAID-CAI Hybrid Compounds in Inflammation and Lung Fibrosis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Laura Lucarini ◽  
Mariaconcetta Durante ◽  
Silvia Sgambellone ◽  
Cecilia Lanzi ◽  
Elisabetta Bigagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disease with progressive worsening of dyspnea, characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of lung parenchyma. Carbonic anhydrases are a family of zinc-metallo-enzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of carbon-dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in animals with permanent-middle-cerebral artery occlusion, arthritis and neuropathic pain. The pharmacological profile of a new class of hybrid compounds constituted by a CAI connected to a Nonsteroidal-Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) was studied in the modulation of inflammation and fibrosis. In-vitro tests were performed to assess their effects on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (COX)-1 and COX-2, namely inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in the human-platelet-rich plasma, and reduction of Prostaglandin-E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated-RAW-264.7 macrophage cell line. The activity of compound 3, one of the most active, was studied in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. The hybrid compounds showed a higher potency in inhibiting PGE2 production, but not in modifying the platelet aggregation and the TXB2 production in comparison to the reference molecules, indicating an increased activity in COX-2 inhibition. In the in-vivo murine model, the compound 3 was more effective in decreasing inflammation, lung stiffness and oxidative stress in comparison to the reference drugs given alone or in association. In conclusion, these CAI-NSAID hybrid compounds are promising new anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of lung chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcumin: PPAR-γActivation

PPAR Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Jacob ◽  
Rongqian Wu ◽  
Mian Zhou ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Curcumin, the phytochemical component in turmeric, is used as a dietary spice and a topical ointment for the treatment of inflammation in India for centuries. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is relatively insoluble in water, but dissolves in acetone, dimethylsulphoxide, and ethanol. Commercial grade curcumin contains 10–20% curcuminoids, desmethoxycurcumin, and bisdesmethoxycurcumin and they are as effective as pure curcumin. Based on a number of clinical studies in carcinogenesis, a daily oral dose of 3.6 g curcumin has been efficacious for colorectal cancer and advocates its advancement into Phase II clinical studies. In addition to the anticancer effects, curcumin has been effective against a variety of disease conditions in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. The present review highlights the importance of curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent and suggests that the beneficial effect of curcumin is mediated by the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) activation.

scholarly journals Bromelain, a Group of Pineapple Proteolytic Complex Enzymes (Ananas comosus) and Their Possible Therapeutic and Clinical Effects. A Summary

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Carolina Varilla ◽  
Massimo Marcone ◽  
Lisete Paiva ◽  
Jose Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Pineapple Fruit ◽  
Stem Bromelain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bromelain is a complex combination of multiple endopeptidases of thiol and other compounds derived from the pineapple fruit, stem and/or root. Fruit bromelain and stem bromelain are produced completely distinctly and comprise unique compounds of enzymes, and the descriptor “Bromelain” originally referred in actuality to stem bromelain. Due to the efficacy of oral administration in the body, as a safe phytotherapeutic medication, bromelain was commonly suited for patients due to lack of compromise in its peptidase efficacy and the absence of undesired side effects. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that they are anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic, and facilitate the death of apoptotic cells. The pharmacological properties of bromelain are, in part, related to its arachidonate cascade modulation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, such as interference with malignant cell growth; anti-inflammatory action; fibrinolytic activity; skin debridement properties, and reduction of the severe effects of SARS-Cov-2. In this paper, we concentrated primarily on the potential of bromelain’s important characteristics and meditative and therapeutic effects, along with the possible mechanism of action.

Clinical significance of glatiramer acetate antibodies

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Glatiramer acetate is a mixture of synthetic peptides that are cross-reactive with MBP. The antigen-based therapy induces a shift to an anti-inflammatory Th2 bias and is used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Like other peptide antigens, GA induces an antibody response in all patients. In contrast to biologically active agents, such as the recombinant interferon beta drugs, GA is a peptide antigen that lacks intrinsic biological activity. In vitro and in vivo data have shown that GA-reactive antibodies are not neutralizing. Antibodies do not alter the principal immunological effects of GA, including binding to MHC Class II molecules, activation and proliferation of GA-reactive T cells, and the release of anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines. Higher antibody titres do not appear to be associated with a deterioration in clinical endpoints, such as relapse rate, EDSS progression or the occurrence of side effects in MS patients treated with GA. The presence of GA-reactive antibodies may promote remyelination and enhance the immunological and clinical effects of GA, indicating that they may be part of GA's mechanism of action. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: S28—S35. http://msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Rutin and Rutin Glycoside: Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Effect, Effect on Platelet Aggregation and Blood Coagulation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Sung-Sook Choi ◽  
Hye-Ryung Park ◽  
Kyung-Ae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Coagulation Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Blood Coagulation Test

The effects of rutin and rutin glycoside with different solubility were compared on antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and the effects on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro and in vivo. Rutin glycoside (consisting of rutin mono-glucoside and rutin di-glucoside) was prepared via enzymatic transglycosylation from rutin. Rutin glycoside showed a higher effect than rutin on radical scavenging activity in antioxidant assays. Rutin showed a higher toxicity than rutin glycoside in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. They had similar effects on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E (PGE) 2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6) in the cells. Both rutin and rutin glycosides similarly reduced the rate of platelet aggregation compared to controls in vitro. They also similarly delayed prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in an in vitro blood coagulation test. The effect of repeated administration of rutin and rutin glycoside was evaluated in vivo using SD rats. The platelet aggregation rate of rutin and the rutin glycoside administered group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. On the other hand, PT and APTT of rutin and rutin glycoside group were not significantly delayed in vivo blood coagulation test. In conclusion, rutin and rutin glycoside showed differences in antioxidant activities in vitro, while they were similar in the reduction of NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 in vitro. Rutin and rutin glycoside also showed similar platelet aggregation rates, and blood coagulation both in vitro and in vivo condition. Comparing in vitro and in vivo, rutin and rutin glycoside were effective on platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo, but only in vitro on blood coagulation.

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