scholarly journals Disc-shaped fossils resembling porpitids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) or eldonids from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4) of western U.S.A.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S Lieberman ◽  
Richard Kurkewicz ◽  
Heather Shinogle ◽  
Julien Kimmig ◽  
Breandán Anraoi MacGabhann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Status

The morphology and affinities of newly discovered disc-shaped soft-bodied fossils from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4, Dyeran) Carrara Formation are discussed. These specimens show some similarity to the Ordovician Discophyllum Hall, 1847; traditionally this taxon had been treated as a fossil porpitid. However, recently it has instead been referred to another clade, the eldonids, which includes the enigmatic Eldonia Walcott, 1911 that was originally described from the Cambrian Burgess Shale. The status of various Proterozoic and Phanerozoic taxa previously referred to porpitids and eldonids is also briefly considered. To help ascertain that the specimens were not dubio- or pseudofossils, elemental mapping using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was conducted. This, in conjunction with the morphology of the specimens, indicated that the fossils were not hematite, iron sulfide, pyrolusite, or other abiologic mineral precipitates. Instead, their status as biologic structures and thus actual fossils is supported. Enrichment in the element carbon, and also possibly to some extent the elements magnesium and iron, seems to be playing some role in the preservation process.

scholarly journals Disc-shaped fossils resembling porpitids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) or eldonids from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4) of western U.S.A.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S Lieberman ◽  
Richard Kurkewicz ◽  
Heather Shinogle ◽  
Julien Kimmig ◽  
Breandán Anraoi MacGabhann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Status

The morphology and affinities of newly discovered disc-shaped soft-bodied fossils from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4, Dyeran) Carrara Formation are discussed. These specimens show some similarity to the Ordovician Discophyllum Hall, 1847; traditionally this taxon had been treated as a fossil porpitid. However, recently it has instead been referred to another clade, the eldonids, which includes the enigmatic Eldonia Walcott, 1911 that was originally described from the Cambrian Burgess Shale. The status of various Proterozoic and Phanerozoic taxa previously referred to porpitids and eldonids is also briefly considered. To help ascertain that the specimens were not dubio- or pseudofossils, elemental mapping using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was conducted. This, in conjunction with the morphology of the specimens, indicated that the fossils were not hematite, iron sulfide, pyrolusite, or other abiologic mineral precipitates. Instead, their status as biologic structures and thus actual fossils is supported. Enrichment in the element carbon, and also possibly to some extent the elements magnesium and iron, seems to be playing some role in the preservation process.

scholarly journals Disc-shaped fossils resembling porpitids or eldonids from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4) of western USA

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Lieberman ◽  
Richard Kurkewicz ◽  
Heather Shinogle ◽  
Julien Kimmig ◽  
Breandán Anraoi MacGabhann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Western Usa ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Status

The morphology and affinities of newly discovered disc-shaped, soft-bodied fossils from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4, Dyeran) Carrara Formation are discussed. These specimens show some similarity to the OrdovicianDiscophyllumHall, 1847; traditionally this taxon had been treated as a fossil porpitid. However, recently it has instead been referred to as another clade, the eldonids, which includes the enigmaticEldoniaWalcott, 1911 that was originally described from the Cambrian Burgess Shale. The status of various Proterozoic and Phanerozoic taxa previously referred to porpitids and eldonids is also briefly considered. To help ascertain that the specimens were not dubio- or pseudofossils, elemental mapping using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was conducted. This, in conjunction with the morphology of the specimens, indicated that the fossils were not hematite, iron sulfide, pyrolusite, or other abiologic mineral precipitates. Instead, their status as biologic structures and thus actual fossils is supported. Enrichment in the element carbon, and also possibly to some extent the elements magnesium and iron, seems to be playing some role in the preservation process.

scholarly journals Porpitids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4) of Nevada, U.S.A.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S Lieberman ◽  
Richard Kurkewicz ◽  
Heather Shinogle
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Status

The morphology and affinities of newly discovered soft-bodied fossils from the early Cambrian (Series 2: Stage 4, Dyeran) Carrara Formation that resemble modern and fossil porpitids are discussed. These specimens show substantial similarity to the Ordovician porpitid Discophyllum peltatum Hall, 1847. The status of various Proterozoic and Phanerozoic taxa previously referred to porpitids is also briefly considered. To verify that the specimens were not dubio- or pseudofossils, elemental mapping using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was conducted. This indicated that the fossils were not hematite, iron sulfide, pyrolusite, or other abiologic mineral precipitates. Instead, their status as biologic structures and thus actual fossils is supported. Enrichment in the element carbon, and also possibly to some extent the elements magnesium and iron, seems to be playing some role in the preservation process.

Herpetogaster from the early Cambrian of Nevada (Series 2, Stage 4) and its implications for the evolution of deuterostomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIEN KIMMIG ◽  
RONALD C. MEYER ◽  
BRUCE S. LIEBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
First Occurrence

AbstractThe Pioche Formation of SE Nevada preserves a diverse soft-bodied fauna from the early and middle Cambrian (Series 2–3: Stage 4–5). While the fauna is dominated by arthropods, animals belonging to other taxa can be found. Here we document the first occurrence of Herpetogaster collinsi outside the Burgess Shale. Further, the specimens are from the Nephrolenellus multinodus biozone and thus represent the oldest occurrence of the species, as well as possibly the earliest soft-bodied deuterostomes in Laurentia.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Early formation and taphonomic significance of kaolinite associated with Burgess Shale fossils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Anderson ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Early Formation ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Scanning Electron

Supplemental methodological details, antibacterial properties of clays, other minerals with distinct fossil/matrix distributions, summaries of mineralogy by taxon, data tables, statistical summaries, and light/scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy images of fossil specimens showing X-ray diffraction selected areas.<br>

scholarly journals Study of the Painting Methods of Mural Paintings in Ancient Tombs of Goguryeo Using Scanning Electron Microscope

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S5) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongsoon Han ◽  
Sangjin Lee ◽  
Hwasoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
The West ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractDisputes on the painting methods of Goguryeo murals can mainly be categorized into whether the murals adapted eastern secco or western fresco; however, the murals have their own unique methods as well. There are different viewpoints among experts on interpreting the painting methods. This study involved the creation of research samples to discover the painting methods under dispute and may help discover the methods based on scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) studies. Goguryeo murals introduced pseudo-fresco rather than buon fresco methods. Unlike fresco techniques in the West, Goguryeo painters mixed traditional soft binders and adapted typical secco painting techniques for paintings, borders, and corrections after drying. The disputed issues may be resolved by these techniques, and samples may be produced based on the analyzed data. Therefore, many questions can finally be answered through SEM-EDX elemental mapping.

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