scholarly journals Enterobacter sp. strain Fs-11 adapted to diverse ecological conditions and promoted sunflower achene yield, nutrient uptake and oil contents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Sohail Hameed ◽  
Mohsin Zafar ◽  
Mohsin Tariq ◽  
Khadim Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Sunflower Crop

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are under extensive investigation, especially in developing countries, as supplements of chemical fertilizers due to cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. The competence and consistency of PGPR in heterogeneous soil medium and diverse ecological settings are still unclear. The current study presents in vitro and field evaluation of a physiologically and genetically characterized PGPR strain Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 (GenBank accession # GQ179978) in terms of its potential to thrive in rhizosphere and enhance sunflower crop yield and oil contents under diverse environmental conditions. Under in vitro conditions, strain Fs-11 was found to grow optimally at a range of temperature (15 to 40 °C) and pH values (6.5 to 8.5). Extracellular and intracellular localization of the strain Fs-11 in sunflower root cortical cells through transmission electron microscopy confirmed its epiphytic and endophytic root colonization pattern, respectively. In field experiments, conducted at three different agro-climatic locations, inoculation of strain Fs-11 at 50% reduced NP-fertilizer resulted in a significant (Fisher’s LSD; P≤0.05) increase in growth, achene yield, nutrient uptake and oil contents as compared to non-inoculated plants. Inoculation also responded significantly in terms of increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids, respectively) without rising saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acid) contents. We concluded that Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 is a potential candidate for biofertilizer formulations to supplement chemical fertilizer requirements of sunflower crop under diverse climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Enterobacter sp. strain Fs-11 adapted to diverse ecological conditions and promoted sunflower achene yield, nutrient uptake and oil contents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Sohail Hameed ◽  
Mohsin Zafar ◽  
Mohsin Tariq ◽  
Khadim Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Sunflower Crop

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are under extensive investigation, especially in developing countries, as supplements of chemical fertilizers due to cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. The competence and consistency of PGPR in heterogeneous soil medium and diverse ecological settings are still unclear. The current study presents in vitro and field evaluation of a physiologically and genetically characterized PGPR strain Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 (GenBank accession # GQ179978) in terms of its potential to thrive in rhizosphere and enhance sunflower crop yield and oil contents under diverse environmental conditions. Under in vitro conditions, strain Fs-11 was found to grow optimally at a range of temperature (15 to 40 °C) and pH values (6.5 to 8.5). Extracellular and intracellular localization of the strain Fs-11 in sunflower root cortical cells through transmission electron microscopy confirmed its epiphytic and endophytic root colonization pattern, respectively. In field experiments, conducted at three different agro-climatic locations, inoculation of strain Fs-11 at 50% reduced NP-fertilizer resulted in a significant (Fisher’s LSD; P≤0.05) increase in growth, achene yield, nutrient uptake and oil contents as compared to non-inoculated plants. Inoculation also responded significantly in terms of increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids, respectively) without rising saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acid) contents. We concluded that Enterobacter sp. Fs-11 is a potential candidate for biofertilizer formulations to supplement chemical fertilizer requirements of sunflower crop under diverse climatic conditions.

Field evaluation following two cycles of backcross transfer of somatic embryogenesis to commercial alfalfa germplasm

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bowley ◽  
G. A. Kielly ◽  
K. Anandarajah ◽  
B. D. McKersie ◽  
T. Senaratna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Artificial Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

For successful application of artificial seed technology to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), parental plants must possess the necessary genes for somatic embryogenesis and produce progeny having high commercial value. A backcross procedure was initiated to transfer the ability to form somatic embryos from genotype A70-34, a selection from the cultivar Rangelander, to multiple-pest-resistant alfalfa germplasm. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the growth characteristics and seed yield of the F1; BC1 and BC2 generations to determine if introgression with commercial germplasm had improved the agronomic features of the embryogenic germplasm. This study consisted of two field experiments, each conducted at two locations. One experiment evaluated herbage growth characteristics and herbage production at Elora and Woodstock, Ontario, and the other evaluated seed yield at Elora and Delhi, Ontario. Significant increases in fall regrowth height, leaflet length:width ratio, and seed yield were detected over the cycles of crossing. By the BC2, fall dormancy and leaflet length:width ratio were similar to those in commercial populations. Although improvements in seed yield were detected, the BC2 was inferior in seed yield compared with commercial germplasm, and further introgression and (or) conscious selection for improved seed yield will be required. Through a population backcross procedure, it appears possible to develop commercial alfalfa germplasm capable of in vitro manipulation. Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, backcross

scholarly journals Fungicidal Management of Stemphylium blight of Onion caused by Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simmons

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavya Mishra ◽  
Rajesh Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Stemphylium Blight ◽  
Commercial Crop

ABSTRACT: Onion is an important commercial crop grown all over the world. It is attacked by many diseases which cause yield losses and result in lowering the quality and export potential of the produce. Stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simmons is one such disease, which has become an economic threat since past few years, especially in Northern and Eastern India. In the present study, field evaluation as well as in vitro study was conducted for evaluating some fungicides for the management of Stemphylium blight as well as to observe their effects on yield and quality parameters of onion. The results of the in vitro study revealed that fluopyram + tebuconazole gave complete mycelial inhibition of test fungus at 50 ppm concentration. Results of the field experiments showed that all the treatments significantly reduced the disease severity. However, strobilurins were found to be more effective, giving more than 50% disease control over check. Keeping in view the overall performance of the fungicides, it was concluded that the combination products azoxystrobin 25% + flutriafol 25% SC and fluopyram 20% + tebuconazole 20% SC can be recommended for the management of Stemphylium blight of onion under field conditions.

FIELD EVALUATION ON NONSALINE SOILS OF A SOMACLONAL VARIANT OF McGREGOR FLAX SELECTED FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN VITRO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
A. McHUGHEN ◽  
C. McONIE
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Somaclonal Variant ◽  
Early Maturing

Field experiments, comparing the performance of a tissue-culture-derived salt-tolerant selection (STS) of McGregor flax (Linum usitatissimum) with the cultivars McGregor, Linott, Noralta, NorLin and NorMan, were sown at three nonsaline locations in Saskatchewan in 1984 and 1985. The salient feature of this experiment was the dissimilarity of STS to its parent, McGregor. STS yielded less, was earlier to bolt, flower and mature, and had larger seeds with a lower oil content than McGregor. The yield of STS was similar to other early-maturing cultivars under test.Key words: Linum usitatissimum, somaclonal variation, seed yield

INFLUENCE OF SUBSTITUTIONS IN ASYMMETRIC PORPHYRINS ON INTRACELLULAR UPTAKE, SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND PHOTOTOXICITY IN HELA CELLS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Liang Peng ◽  
Ping-Shan Lai ◽  
Ming-Jium Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Log P ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives

The asymmetric porphyrins with different substituents show various bioactivities in biomedical application. In this study, a series of asymmetric porphyrins with varying proportion of substituents, such as hydroxyphenyl and aminophenyl, were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their cell uptake, intracellular localization, cytotoxicities and phototoxicities in vitro. Among these synthesized porphyrins, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21,23H-porphyrin (porphyrin 5), which was mainly localized in mitochondria and with high quantum yields of singlet oxygen, is a potential candidate for photodynamic therapy. The effective phototoxicity of porphyrin 5 is mainly due to the higher extent in the cells and the selective mitochondria-localization. Comparing the partition coefficients of porphyrin derivatives, the best cellular uptake performs apparently with a partition coefficient (log p) ranging from about 1.7 to 1.9. In summary, higher quantum yields of singlet oxygen, and more specific mitochondrial localization of porphyrin 5 demonstrate its potential application in photodynamic therapy.

scholarly journals The Coupling Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Salicylic Acid on Physiological Modifications, Yield Traits, and Productivity of Wheat under Water Deficient Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Hafez ◽  
Alaa El Dein Omara ◽  
Alshaymaa Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Water deficit and soil infertility negatively influence the growth, nutrient uptake, and productivity of wheat. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and salicylic acid (SA) were evaluated as possible solutions to mitigate the impacts of water deficit on growth, physiology, productivity, and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sakha 95). Over two growing seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) field experiments were conducted to examine eight combinations of two water treatments (water deficit and well-watered) with four soil and foliar treatments (control, PGPR, SA, and combination of PGPR + SA). The application of PGPR increased soil microbial activity resulting in increased field capacity and available soil water. Likewise, the application of the combined treatment of PGPR and SA significantly increased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, soil microbial population, and showed inhibitory impacts on proline content, thus improving yield-related traits, productivity, and nutrient uptake (N, P, K) under water deficit compared to the control treatment. The results show that the integrative use of PGPR in association with SA may achieve an efficacious strategy to attenuate the harmful effects of water deficit as well as the amelioration of productivity and nutrient uptake of wheat under water-deficient conditions.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Novel 1-(4-Substituted phenyl)-2-ethyl Imidazole Apoptosis Inducers In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4293
Author(s):  
Zhen-Wang Li ◽  
Chun-Yan Zhong ◽  
Xiao-Ran Wang ◽  
Shi-Nian Li ◽  
Chun-Yuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner

Novel imidazole derivatives were designed, prepared, and evaluated in vitro for antitumor activity. The majority of the tested derivatives showed improved antiproliferative activity compared to the positive control drugs 5-FU and MTX. Among them, compound 4f exhibited outstanding antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines and was considerably more potent than both 5-FU and MTX. In particular, the selectivity index indicated that the tolerance of normal L-02 cells to 4f was 23–46-fold higher than that of tumor cells. This selectivity was significantly higher than that exhibited by the positive control drugs. Furthermore, compound 4f induced cell apoptosis by increasing the protein expression levels of Bax and decreasing those of Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, 4f could be a potential candidate for the development of a novel antitumor agent.

scholarly journals Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Raluca-Maria Pârlici ◽  
Aurel Maxim ◽  
Stefania Mirela Mang ◽  
Ippolito Camele ◽  
Lucia Mihalescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
The Impact

Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidiumrubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Phomopsis juglandina (Sacc.) Hohn. Associated with Dieback of Walnut in the Climatic Conditions of Southern Romania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaescu ◽  
Daniel Dunea ◽  
Adrian Gheorghe Bășa ◽  
Loredana Neagu Frasin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Optimal Ph

Phomopsis juglandina (Sacc.) Höhn., which is the conidial state of Diaporthe juglandina (Fuckel) Nitschke, and the main pathogen causing the dieback of branches and twigs of walnut was recently detected in many orchards from Romania. The symptomatological, morphological, ultrastructural, and cultural characteristics, as well as the pathogenicity of an isolate of this lignicolous fungus, were described and illustrated. The optimum periods for infection, under the conditions prevailing in Southern Romania, mainly occur in the spring (April) and autumn months (late September-beginning of October). Strong inverse correlations (p < 0.001) were found between potential evapotranspiration and lesion lengths on walnut branches in 2019. The pathogen forms two types of phialospores: alpha and beta; the role of beta phialospores is not well known in pathogenesis. In Vitro, the optimal growth temperature of mycelial hyphae was in the range of 22–26 °C, and the optimal pH is 4.4–7. This pathogen should be monitored continuously due to its potential for damaging infestations of intensive plantations.

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