Basal tolerance to heat and cold exposure of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2646v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Enriquez ◽

Hercé Colinet

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Thermal Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Cold Tolerant

The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a new pest in Europe and America which causes severe damages to stone fruits crops. Temperature and humidity are among the most important abiotic factors governing insect life. In many situations, temperature can become stressful thus compromising fitness and survival. The ability to cope with thermal stress depends on basal level of thermal tolerance. Basic knowledge on temperature-dependent mortality of D. suzukii is essential to facilitate management of this pest. The objective of the present study was to investigate D. suzukii basal cold and heat tolerance. Adults and pupae were submitted to six low (-5 to 7.5 °C) and seven high temperatures (30 to 37 °C) for various durations, and survival-time-temperature relationships were investigated. In addition, pupal thermal tolerance was analyzed under low vs. high relative humidity. Our results showed that males had higher cold survival than females, and pupae appeared less cold-tolerant than adults. Above 5 °C, adult cold mortality became minor, even after prolonged exposures (i.e. one month). Males were less heat tolerant than females, and pupae showed a better survival to extreme high temperatures than adults. Low relative humidity did not affect D. suzukii cold survival, but reduced survival under heat stress. Overall, this study shows that survival of D. suzukii under heat and cold conditions depends on both stress intensity and duration, and the methodological approach used here, which was based on thermal tolerance landscapes, provides a comprehensive description of D. suzukii thermal tolerance and limits.

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Basal tolerance to heat and cold exposure of the spotted wing drosophila,Drosophila suzukii

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3112 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Thomas Enriquez ◽

Hervé Colinet

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Thermal Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

C 30

The spotted wing Drosophila,Drosophila suzukii, is a new pest in Europe and America which causes severe damages, mostly to stone fruit crops. Temperature and humidity are among the most important abiotic factors governing insect development and fitness. In many situations, temperature can become stressful thus compromising survival. The ability to cope with thermal stress depends on basal level of thermal tolerance. Basic knowledge on temperature-dependent mortality ofD. suzukiiis essential to facilitate management of this pest. The objective of the present study was to investigateD. suzukiibasal cold and heat tolerance. Adults and pupae were subjected to six low temperatures (−5–7.5 °C) and seven high temperatures (30–37 °C) for various durations, and survival-time-temperature relationships were investigated. Data showed that males were globally more cold tolerant than females. At temperature above 5 °C, adult cold mortality became minor even after prolonged exposures (e.g., only 20% mortality after one month at 7.5 °C). Heat tolerance of males was lower than that of females at the highest tested temperatures (34, 35 and 37 °C). Pupae appeared much less cold tolerant than adults at all temperatures (e.g., Lt50at 5° C: 4–5 d for adultsvs.21 h for pupae). Pupae were more heat tolerant than adults at the most extreme high temperatures (e.g., Lt50at 37 °C: 30 min for adultsvs.4 h for pupae). The pupal thermal tolerance was further investigated under lowvs.high humidity. Low relative humidity did not affect pupal cold survival, but it reduced survival under heat stress. Overall, this study shows that survival ofD. suzukiiunder heat and cold conditions can vary with stress intensity, duration, humidity, sex and stage, and the methodological approach used here, which was based on thermal tolerance landscapes, provides a comprehensive description ofD. suzukiithermal tolerance and limits.

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3D Numerical Analysis of the Natural Ventilation Behavior in a Colombian Greenhouse Established in Warm Climate Conditions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12198101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 8101

Author(s):

Edwin Villagran ◽

Rommel Leon ◽

Andrea Rodriguez ◽

Jorge Jaramillo

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Food Production ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Warm Climate ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Hot Climate ◽

Global Food

Global food production and availability in hot climate zones are limited by biotic and abiotic factors that affect agricultural production. One of the alternatives for intensifying agriculture and improving food security in these regions is the use of naturally ventilated greenhouses, an alternative that still requires information that allows technical criteria to be established for decision-making. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution of temperature and relative humidity inside a greenhouse built in the Colombian Caribbean. The methodological approach included the implementation of an experimentally validated 3D numerical simulation model. The main results obtained allowed to determine that the airflows generated inside the greenhouse had average velocities below 0.5 m/s and were mainly driven by the thermal effect of natural ventilation. It was also found that the gradients generated between the interior of the structure and the exterior environment presented values lower than 2.0 °C for temperature and −6.3% for relative humidity. These values can be considered low in comparison with other structures evaluated in other regions of the world where the gradients can reach values higher than 10 °C and 13% for temperature and relative humidity, respectively.

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Temperature-dependent sex-reversal by a transformer-2 gene-edited mutation in the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-12405-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jianwei Li ◽

Alfred M. Handler

Keyword(s):

Sex Reversal ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Temperature Dependent

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Thermal Tolerances of Three Tramp Ant Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v59i1.678 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Russ Solis ◽

Odair Correa Bueno

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Urban Habitats ◽

Monomorium Pharaonis ◽

Tetramorium Bicarinatum ◽

Insect Activity ◽

Tramp Ant

Tramp ant species present a set of adaptations to their urban habitats, and there is a paucity of knowledge about how they interact with abiotic factors, like temperature. Temperature is well known to interfere with insect activity. The present study evaluated the temperature tolerance of three important tramp ant species: Monomorium floricola ( Jerdon), Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus) and Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander). Tested temperatures were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 and 50.C. Ten repetitions with 20 workers each were done with each temperature and analyzed species. The number of dead workers was recorded every hour over a total of 8 hours. All procedures were done using thermal incubators at relative humidity within 50-95%. Workers of M. pharaonis proved more tolerant to high temperatures (30-50.C) than workers of M. floricola and T. bicarinatum. The higher the temperatures tested, greater was the recorded ant mortality, with temperature 50.C being fatal to all species after 1h of exposition. The least tolerant species to temperatures below 20.C was T. bicarinatum. Low temperatures tested were not fatal to any of the tested species.

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UV-B Radiation Tolerance and Temperature-Dependent Activity Within the Entomopathogenic Fungal Genus Metarhizium in Brazil

Frontiers in Fungal Biology ◽

10.3389/ffunb.2021.645737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Joel da Cruz Couceiro ◽

Maíra Blumer Fatoretto ◽

Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio ◽

Nicolai Vitt Meyling ◽

Ítalo Delalibera

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Uv Light ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Radiation Tolerance ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Abiotic Conditions ◽

Fungal Propagules ◽

Dependent Activity ◽

Different Temperatures

Metarhizium comprises a phylogenetically diverse genus of entomopathogenic fungi. In Brazil, Metarhizium anisopliae s.str. subclade Mani 2 is predominantly isolated from insects, while M. robertsii and M. brunneum mostly occur in the soil environment. Solar radiation and high temperatures are important abiotic factors that can be detrimental to fungal propagules. We hypothesized that among 12 Brazilian isolates of Metarhizium spp., M. anisopliae Mani 2 (n = 6), being adapted to abiotic conditions of the phylloplane, is more tolerant to UV light and high temperatures than M. robertsii (n = 3) and M. brunneum (n = 3). Inoculum of each isolate was exposed to UV-B for up to 8 h and viability evaluated 48 h later. After 8 h under UV-B, most of the isolates had germination rates below 5%. Discs of mycelia were incubated at different temperatures, and diameter of colonies were recorded for 12 days. Mycelia of M. robertsii isolates grew faster at 33 °C, while M. anisopliae and M. brunneum grew most at 25 °C. Dry conidia were incubated at 20, 25 or 40 °C for 12 days, and then viabilities were examined. At 40 °C, conidia of five M. anisopliae isolates were the most tolerant. In the three experiments, considerable intra- and inter-specific variability was detected. The results indicate that conclusions about tolerance to these abiotic factors should be made only at the isolate level.

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