scholarly journals Adulteration of herbal products: Bamboo tea authentication

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Horn ◽  
Annette Häser
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Background. Names for ”substances” used in food products are rarely precise. The term bamboo (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) comprises over 1600 distinct species of which only few are well established sources for food products on the European market (i.e. bamboo sprouts). Methods. We analysed bamboo species and tea products containing an exotic ingredient (bamboo leaves) using anatomical leaf characters and DNA sequence data. Our primary concern was to determine the taxonomic origin of bamboo leaves to establish a baseline for EU legislation, to introduce a simple PCR based test to distinguish bamboo from other Poaceae leaf components and to assess the diagnostic potential of DNA Barcoding markers to resolve taxonomic entities within the bamboo subfamily and tribes. Results. Based on anatomical and DNA data we can pinpoint the taxonomic origin of genuine bamboo leaves used in commercial products to the genera Phyllostachys and Pseudosasa from the temperate ”woody” bamboo tribe (Arundinarieae). We detected adulteration by carnation in 4 of 8 tea products and, after adapting our objectives, could trace the taxonomic origin of the adulterant to Dianthus chinensis (Caryophyllaceae), a well known traditional Chinese medicine with counter indications for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Adulteration of herbal products: Bamboo tea authentication

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Horn ◽  
Annette Häser
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Diagnostic Potential

Background. Names for ”substances” used in food products are rarely precise. The term bamboo (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) comprises over 1600 distinct species of which only few are well established sources for food products on the European market (i.e. bamboo sprouts). Methods. We analysed bamboo species and tea products containing an exotic ingredient (bamboo leaves) using anatomical leaf characters and DNA sequence data. Our primary concern was to determine the taxonomic origin of bamboo leaves to establish a baseline for EU legislation, to introduce a simple PCR based test to distinguish bamboo from other Poaceae leaf components and to assess the diagnostic potential of DNA Barcoding markers to resolve taxonomic entities within the bamboo subfamily and tribes. Results. Based on anatomical and DNA data we can pinpoint the taxonomic origin of genuine bamboo leaves used in commercial products to the genera Phyllostachys and Pseudosasa from the temperate ”woody” bamboo tribe (Arundinarieae). We detected adulteration by carnation in 4 of 8 tea products and, after adapting our objectives, could trace the taxonomic origin of the adulterant to Dianthus chinensis (Caryophyllaceae), a well known traditional Chinese medicine with counter indications for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Bamboo tea: reduction of taxonomic complexity and application of DNA diagnostics based onrbcLandmatKsequence data

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Horn ◽  
Annette Häser
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Safety Assessments

BackgroundNames used in ingredient lists of food products are trivial and in their nature rarely precise. The most recent scientific interpretation of the term bamboo (Bambusoideae,Poaceae) comprises over 1,600 distinct species. In the European Union only few of these exotic species are well known sources for food ingredients (i.e., bamboo sprouts) and are thus not considered novel foods, which would require safety assessments before marketing of corresponding products. In contrast, the use of bamboo leaves and their taxonomic origin is mostly unclear. However, products containing bamboo leaves are currently marketed.MethodsWe analysed bamboo species and tea products containing bamboo leaves using anatomical leaf characters and DNA sequence data. To reduce taxonomic complexity associated with the term bamboo, we used a phylogenetic framework to trace the origin of DNA from commercially available bamboo leaves within the bambusoid subfamily. For authentication purposes, we introduced a simple PCR based test distinguishing genuine bamboo from other leaf components and assessed the diagnostic potential ofrbcLandmatKto resolve taxonomic entities within the bamboo subfamily and tribes.ResultsBased on anatomical and DNA data we were able to trace the taxonomic origin of bamboo leaves used in products to the generaPhyllostachysandPseudosasafrom the temperate “woody” bamboo tribe (Arundinarieae). Currently availablerbcLandmatKsequence data allow the character based diagnosis of 80% of represented bamboo genera. We detected adulteration by carnation in four of eight tea products and, after adapting our objectives, could trace the taxonomic origin of the adulterant toDianthus chinensis(Caryophyllaceae), a well known traditional Chinese medicine with counter indications for pregnant women.

Morphological and molecular evidence places Maronina into synonymy with Protoparmelia (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PAPONG ◽  
G. KANTVILAS ◽  
H. T. LUMBSCH
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

AbstractThe phylogenetic placement of the genus Maronina was studied, based chiefly on phenotypic characters such as thallus colour and anatomy, secondary chemistry, the anatomy of the excipulum and the ascus-type. DNA sequence data of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal loci from some of the species support the hypothesis that Maronina is nested within Protoparmelia. Hence, Maronina is reduced to synonymy with Protoparmelia. Comparison of genetic distances suggests that the two varieties within M. orientalis should be regarded as distinct species. Consequently, the new combinations Protoparmelia australiensis (Hafellner & R. W. Rogers) Kantvilas et al., P. corallifera (Kantvilas & Papong) Kantvilas et al., P. hesperia (Kantvilas & Elix) Kantvilas et al., P. multifera (Nyl.) Kantvilas et al., and P. orientalis (Kantvilas & Papong) Kantvilas et al. are proposed.

scholarly journals Liparis wenshanensis, a new orchid species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-YU SU ◽  
YI-LANG HUANG ◽  
LI-JUN CHEN ◽  
PEI-WEN ZHANG ◽  
Zhong-Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

A new orchid species, Liparis wenshanensis, discovered in Yunnan, China is described and illustrated in this study based on morphological and molecular analyses. A detailed comparison between the newly discovered orchid and other members of the genus, Liparis, was conducted. The new plant is characterized by the combination of the following features: a long rachis with 45 to 55 flowers; white sepals, petals and column; a greenish lip with a purplish center; strongly recurved and revolute dorsal sepals and petals; strongly recurved, oblong lateral sepals; a cordate lip that is strongly deflexed below the middle, with a two-lobed apex and a two-lobed callus at the base; an arcuate column with a lamella extending along the center almost to the stigma, and with a pair of broad wings toward the apex. These features distinguish the new orchid from all other known species of Liparis. We proceeded to a phylogenetic analysis to ascertain the systematic position of this enigmatic species. Molecular analyses based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data supports the recognition of L. wenshanensis as a distinct species.

Cymbidium jiangchengense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidiinae), a new species from China: evidence from morphology and DNA sequences

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 408 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
YING-LI PENG ◽  
ZHUANG ZHOU ◽  
SI-REN LAN ◽  
ZHONG-JIAN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Pink Flower ◽  
A New Species

A new orchid species, Cymbidium jiangchengense, from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. Its distinctiveness is evaluated with morphology and molecular analyses. A detailed comparison between the newly discovered orchid and other members of Cymbidium was performed. The new plant was characterized by stem-like pseudobulbs, narrowly oblong leaves, coriaceous leaves with an acute apex, a 2-flowered inflorescence, a purplish pink flower, narrowly elliptic sepals, petals, a obovate-lanceolate lip with a cordate midlobe, a yellow central callus, and a disc with a trough shape longitudinal lamella from the base extending to the base of the midlobe and a lamellae apex inflated to form two calluses that are not confluent apically. These features distinguish this new orchid from all other known species of Cymbidium. A molecular study based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequence data indicates that C. jiangchengense is a distinct species that sister to C. wadae and a member of section Eburnea, subgenus Cyperorchis.

scholarly journals Veterinary Fusarioses within the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2813-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry O'Donnell ◽  
Deanna A. Sutton ◽  
Nathan Wiederhold ◽  
Vincent A. R. G. Robert ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes

Multilocus DNA sequence data were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of 67Fusariumstrains from veterinary sources, most of which were from the United States. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strains comprised 23 phylogenetically distinct species, all but two of which were previously known to infect humans, distributed among eight species complexes. The majority of the veterinary isolates (47/67 = 70.1%) were nested within theFusarium solanispecies complex (FSSC), and these included 8 phylospecies and 33 unique 3-locus sequence types (STs). Three of the FSSC species (Fusarium falciforme,Fusarium keratoplasticum, andFusariumsp. FSSC 12) accounted for four-fifths of the veterinary strains (38/47) and STs (27/33) within this clade. Most of theF. falciformestrains (12/15) were recovered from equine keratitis infections; however, strains ofF. keratoplasticumandFusariumsp. FSSC 12 were mostly (25/27) isolated from marine vertebrates and invertebrates. Our sampling suggests that theFusarium incarnatum-equisetispecies complex (FIESC), with eight mycoses-associated species, may represent the second most important clade of veterinary relevance withinFusarium. Six of the multilocus STs within the FSSC (3+4-eee, 1-b, 12-a, 12-b, 12-f, and 12-h) and one each within the FIESC (1-a) and theFusarium oxysporumspecies complex (ST-33) were widespread geographically, including three STs with transoceanic disjunctions. In conclusion, fusaria associated with veterinary mycoses are phylogenetically diverse and typically can only be identified to the species level using DNA sequence data from portions of one or more informative genes.

A newly recognised species that has been confused with the global polyphagous pest scale insect, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-PO LIN ◽  
HIROTAKA TANAKA ◽  
LYN G. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Coccus Hesperidum

Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), the type species of the soft scale genus Coccus L., the family Coccidae and the whole of the scale insects (Coccoidea), is a cosmopolitan plant pest. Using DNA sequence data and morphological comparisons, we determine that there is a distinct species that is morphologically very similar to C. hesperidum. Here, we describe the species as Coccus praetermissus Lin & Tanaka sp. n., based on adult female specimens from Australia, Malaysia and Thailand. The adult female of C. praetermissus sp. n. differs from C. hesperidum in having dorsal setae with bluntly rounded tips, whereas they are sharply pointed in C. hesperidum. A detailed description of the newly recognised species is provided, incorporating adult female morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Our examination of slides from The Natural History Museum, London, and several Australian institutions indicates that C. praetermissus sp. n. has been confused sometimes with C. hesperidum s. s. These findings have potential relevance to plant biosecurity and quarantine because C. hesperidum is cosmopolitan whereas C. praetermissus sp. n., which is also polyphagous and the two species can share many host plants, currently appears to be more geographically restricted. Additionally, there is deep genetic divergence within C. praetermissus sp. n. that might indicate that it is a cryptic species complex, but wider geographic sampling is required to test this possibility. 

Systematic revision of the Indo-West Pacific mangrove-associated snails of the genus Bakawan (Cephalaspidea: Haminoeidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond R Oskars ◽  
Manuel António E Malaquias
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Discovery Method ◽  
The Western Pacific

ABSTRACT The genus Bakawan includes species of haminoeid snails associated with mangrove habitats and mud flats in the Indo-West Pacific. Here, we revise the diversity and systematics of the genus Bakawan based on our recent molecular phylogeny (Oskars & Malaquias, 2019) and detailed analysis of morphological characters. We examined a range of morphological characters (the shells, external morphology of the animal, jaw, radula, gizzard plate and male reproductive system) using light and scanning electron microscopy. We also carried out a species delimitation analysis (we used the automatic barcode gap discovery method) based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA sequence data. Four distinct species were recognized: Bakawan rotundata (A. Adams, 1850), which is the type species of the genus and ranges from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific; B. fusca (A. Adams, 1850), currently known only from the Philippines; and two species new to science, B. puti n. sp., known only from the Philippines, and B. hedleyi n. sp., restricted to tropical eastern Australia.

scholarly journals The challenge of integrative taxonomy of rare, deep-water gastropods: the genus Exilia (Neogastropoda: Turbinelloidea: Ptychatractidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-138
Author(s):  
Yuri I Kantor ◽  
Nicolas Puillandre ◽  
Philippe Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Abstract According to a recent taxonomic revision by Kantor et al. (2001), the neogastropod genus Exilia Conrad, 1860, comprises ten mostly rare species that live at depths between 200 and 2000 m. Adult Exilia measure between 30 and 90 mm in shell length, and the genus is mostly represented in museum collections by empty shells. The abundance of this genus is low in the wild, but recent expeditions organized by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle have yielded several dozen specimens. These new collections include samples preserved for molecular studies. Here, we present the results of the first molecular systematic study of Exilia. Our aim was to investigate the species limits proposed by Kantor et al. (2001) on the basis of shell and anatomical characters. Analysis of DNA sequence data for the cytochrome c oxidase I gene suggests that Exilia hilgendorfi, previously considered to be a single, polymorphic and broadly distributed species, is a complex of at least six species (four of which we sequenced). Two of these species, Exilia cognata n. sp. and E. fedosovi n. sp., are described as new to science. Exilia gracilior, E. claydoni and E. prellei are resurrected from the synonymy of Exilia hilgendorfi; of these three, only the last was sequenced. Exilia vagrans is a well-defined taxon, but our molecular systematic data shows that it consists of two distinct species, which occur sympatrically off Taiwan and are strikingly similar in shell and radular morphology; due to the absence of DNA sequence data from the type locality of E. vagrans (Vanuatu), it is unclear to which of these two species the name would apply. Exilia karukera n. sp., which is conchologically very similar to E. vagrans, was discovered off Guadeloupe, represents the first record of the genus from the Atlantic. For E. elegans, which was previously known only from a single shell, we provide new data including new distributional records (South Africa and the Mozambique Channel), details of the radula and DNA sequence data.

The ‘Mediterranean’ Ramalina Panizzei North of the alps: Morphological, Chemical and rDNA Sequence Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Groner ◽  
Scott LaGreca
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
A Site

AbstractRamalina panizzei De Not. is reported from Switzerland and north of the Alps for the first time. Recent collections and thalli found amongst specimens of R. fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. are described; the species is obviously not restricted to the Mediterranean. The confusion in several herbaria around this and related corticolous species, particularly R. subgeniculata Nyl. and R. fastigiata, can be traced back to imprecise original and subsequent diagnoses, all of which lack a clear species delimitation. Similarities and differences of these species are discussed. In addition, sequences from the rDNA ITS regions were determined for two individuals of R. panizzei and two of R. fastigiata, including one of each from a site where both species grow intermixed. Kimura 2-parameter genetic-distance estimates indicate that R. panizzei and R. fastigiata are as different from each other as either is from the reference species R. siliquosa (Hudson) A. L. Sm. s.l. A broad-based taxonomic revision of involved species is not possible due to the limited number of analyses, but the results demonstrate the potential for using DNA sequence data to investigate species-level questions in lichens. Based on morphology, chemistry, and DNA sequence data, R. panizzei is retained as a distinct species.

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