scholarly journals A review of population-based management of Southern mountain caribou in BC

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Boutin ◽  
Evelyn Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

The decline in Mountain caribou in BC over the past decades has resulted in extensive basic and applied research to guide caribou management by understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of the decline. At the top of the list is high predation rates brought about by human alteration of habitat and the subsequent alteration of predator-prey dynamics. We reviewed population-based management experiments undertaken in BC to recover caribou populations. These included primary prey (moose) reduction, lethal predator control, maternal penning, translocations, and supplemental feeding. Moose reduction by liberalized harvests has led to wolf population reduction and stabilization of treated caribou herds. Translocations have had limited success and finding source populations for future attempts will be a challenge. Maternity pens are producing promising results but their efficacy is strongest in relatively small populations and best results appear to occur when combined with predator control in areas surrounding the pens. Predator control experiments have just begun and results are forthcoming. Overall, no single population-based management tool has increased caribou populations. It is recommended that multiple levers need to be applied in combination on an experimental basis going forward.

scholarly journals A review of population-based management of Southern mountain caribou in BC

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Boutin ◽  
Evelyn Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

The decline in Mountain caribou in BC over the past decades has resulted in extensive basic and applied research to guide caribou management by understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of the decline. At the top of the list is high predation rates brought about by human alteration of habitat and the subsequent alteration of predator-prey dynamics. We reviewed population-based management experiments undertaken in BC to recover caribou populations. These included primary prey (moose) reduction, lethal predator control, maternal penning, translocations, and supplemental feeding. Moose reduction by liberalized harvests has led to wolf population reduction and stabilization of treated caribou herds. Translocations have had limited success and finding source populations for future attempts will be a challenge. Maternity pens are producing promising results but their efficacy is strongest in relatively small populations and best results appear to occur when combined with predator control in areas surrounding the pens. Predator control experiments have just begun and results are forthcoming. Overall, no single population-based management tool has increased caribou populations. It is recommended that multiple levers need to be applied in combination on an experimental basis going forward.

Divergent Growth in Two Lake Whiteflsh (Coregonus clupeaformis) Populations

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Bidgood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Stable Growth

Divergence in the growth pattern of Pigeon Lake and Buck Lake whiteflsh (Coregonus clupeaformis) began during the winter months in young-of-the-year fish. The growth rate of individuals in the Pigeon Lake whitefish population has declined over the past 12 years whereas individuals in the Buck Lake population have maintained a relatively stable growth pattern. These differences did not appear to be genetically controlled. Increased interspecific and intraspecific competition for the available food supply likely suppressed the growth rate of the Pigeon Lake whitefish population. Reduction of predator numbers in Pigeon Lake by the removal of habitat and increased angling pressure accelerated recruitment to both the white-fish population and other competitive feeding forage fish. A predator–prey relationship conducive to the maintenance of a faster growing lake whitefish population has been maintained in Buck Lake over the same period of time.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Maya Massing-Schaffer ◽  
Sarah Owens ◽  
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is direct, intentional harm to one’s own body performed without the intent to die. NSSI has a marked developmental onset reaching peak prevalence in adolescence. NSSI is present in the context of multiple psychological disorders and stands alone as a separate phenomenon. Research has accumulated over the past several decades regarding the course of NSSI. While great advances have been made, there remains a distinct need for basic and applied research in the area of NSSI. This chapter reviews prevalence rates, correlates and risk factors, and leading theories of NSSI. Further, it reviews assessment techniques and provides recommendations. Then, it presents the latest evidence-based treatment recommendations and provides a case example. Finally, cutting edge research and the next frontier of research in this area are outlined.

Conditions for Positive and Negative Correlations Between Fitness and Heterozygosity in Equilibrium Populations

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Deng ◽  
Yun-Xin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Single Population ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Explanation ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed extensive efforts to correlate fitness traits with genomic heterozygosity. While positive correlations are revealed in most of the organisms studied, results of no/negative correlations are not uncommon. There has been little effort to reveal the genetic causes of these negative correlations. The positive correlations are regarded either as evidence for functional overdominance in large, randomly mating populations at equilibrium, or the results of populations at disequilibrium under dominance. More often, the positive correlations are viewed as a phenomenon of heterosis, so that it cannot possibly occur under within-locus additive allelic effects. Here we give exact genetic conditions that give rise to positive and negative correlations in populations at Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibria, thus offering a genetic explanation for the observed negative correlations. Our results demonstrate that the above interpretations concerning the positive correlations are not complete or even necessary. Such a positive correlation can result under dominance and potentially under additivity, even in populations where associated overdominance due to linked alleles at different loci is not significant. Additionally, negative correlations and heterosis can co-occur in a single population. Although our emphasis is on equilibrium populations and for biallelic genetic systems, the basic conclusions are generalized to non-equilibrium populations and for multi-allelic situations.

scholarly journals Gender-specific physical activity-related injuries and risk factors among university students in China: a multicentre population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040865
Author(s):  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Shangmin Chen ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Pengying Yue ◽  
Xiaofan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
University Students ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Gender Specific

ObjectivesData on the problem of physical activity-related injury (PARI) in university students and the risk factors for PARI among different genders are rare. We conducted a multicentre population-based study to investigate the occurrence of PARI and to explore the gender-specific risk factors for PARI among Chinese university students.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 5341 students in grades 1–3 at eight universities in four Chinese cities were selected to complete the online questionnaires during March and April 2017. The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity PA) involvement, sleep duration, sedentary behaviour and PARI experiences in the past 12 months.Main outcome measuresPARI during the past 12 months.ResultsAmong the 5341 participants, 1293 suffered from at least one PARI in the past 12 months, with an overall incidence rate of 24.2% (males: 26.2%, females: 23.2%) and an injury risk of 0.38 injuries/student/year (males: 0.48, females: 0.32). Over half of the injured (57.3%) experienced a withdrawal time of PA and nearly two-fifths (39.6%) required medical attention. Irrespective of gender, Shantou and Xi’an students, sports team members and those who engaged in sports and leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) at a higher frequency were more likely to suffer from PARI. Male students who participated in sports and leisure-time VPA for long durations had a greater likelihood of sustaining PARI, while having a chronic condition and being involved in sports and leisure-time moderate-intensity PA at a higher frequency and longer duration were potential contributors to PARI among females.ConclusionsThe occurrence of PARI and its risk factors differed by gender, which provides a direction towards developing targeted and effective gender-specific preventative programmes to protect Chinese university students from PARI.

Patient-related barriers to some virtual healthcare services among cancer patients in the USA: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
African American ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
African American Race

Objective: To assess the patient-related barriers to access of some virtual healthcare tools among cancer patients in the USA in a population-based cohort. Materials & methods: National Health Interview Survey datasets (2011–2018) were reviewed and adult participants (≥18 years old) with a history of cancer diagnosis and complete information about virtual healthcare utilization (defined by [a] filling a prescription on the internet in the past 12 months and/or [b] communicating with a healthcare provider through email in the past 12 months) were included. Information about video-conferenced phone calls and telephone calls are not available in the National Health Interview Survey datasets; and thus, they were not examined in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the utilization of virtual care tools. Results: A total of 25,121 participants were included in the current analysis; including 4499 participants (17.9%) who utilized virtual care in the past 12 months and 20,622 participants (82.1%) who did not utilize virtual care in the past 12 months. The following factors were associated with less utilization of virtual healthcare tools in multivariable logistic regression: older age (continuous odds ratio [OR] with increasing age: 0.987; 95% CI: 0.984–0.990), African-American race (OR for African American vs white race: 0.608; 95% CI: 0.517–0.715), unmarried status (OR for unmarried compared with married status: 0.689; 95% CI: 0.642–0.739), lower level of education (OR for education ≤high school vs >high school: 0.284; 95% CI: 0.259–0.311), weaker English proficiency (OR for no proficiency vs very good proficiency: 0.224; 95% CI: 0.091–0.552) and lower yearly earnings (OR for earnings <$45,000 vs earnings >$45,000: 0.582; 95% CI: 0.523–0.647). Conclusion: Older patients, those with African-American race, lower education, lower earnings and weak English proficiency are less likely to access the above studied virtual healthcare tools. Further efforts are needed to tackle disparities in telemedicine access.

Healthcare Resource Utilization in Bipolar Depression Compared with Unipolar Depression: Results of a United States Population-Based Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Frye ◽  
Joseph R. Calabrese ◽  
Michael L. Reed ◽  
Robert M.A. Hirschfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilization ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Past ◽  
United States Population

ABSTRACTIntroduction:This study examined healthcare utilization in the past year by subjects who screened positive for bipolar versus unipolar depression.Method:A self-administered survey was completed in 2002 by a United States population-based sample. Respondents were categorized into one of three subgroups: bipolar depressed screen positive (BP DEP+, n=394); unipolar depressed screen positive (UP DEP+, n=794); and control subjects (n=1,612).Results:For depressive symptoms in the past year, BP DEP+ respondents were significantly more likely than UP DEP+ respondents to report a healthcare visit to a number of diverse care providers. In analyses controlled for demographics and depression severity, the differences in psychiatric hospitalization, psychologist/counselor outpatient visit, substance abuse/social services visit, and number of emergency room visits remained significant between BP DEP+ and UP DEP+ respondents.Conclusion:Subjects with self-reported bipolar depression sought care more often from a number of diverse healthcare resources than subjects with self-reported unipolar depression. These findings underscore the morbidity associated with bipolar depression.

scholarly journals Methods of Auxin Application in Cutting Propagation: A Review of 70 Years of Scientific Discovery and Commercial Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Abstract The discovery of auxins as plant growth regulating chemicals in the 1930s and their ability to stimulate adventitious rooting in stem cuttings marked a major milestone in the modern history of plant propagation. Basic and applied research conducted during the past 70 years has provided information regarding absorption and translocation of auxin in cuttings, as well as the effects of timing of auxin application, methods of auxin application, type of auxin, and concentration of auxin on the rooting response of cuttings. The basal quick-dip method, the powder application method, and the dilute soak method have been the most commonly used methods for applying auxin to cuttings in commercial horticulture over the past 7 decades, with the first two methods still in common use today. In addition, a wide variety of other auxin application methods have been reported beginning in the 1930s and continuing to the present. Some of these methods remain primarily of historical interest, several find limited use in commercial horticulture, and others show potential for greater use in the future. Opportunities exist for further development of auxin application techniques that can enhance plant quality, efficiency and productivity of the cutting propagation process, and worker safety. This review provides horticulturists, from the academic researcher to the commercial propagator, with an exploration of auxin application methods over the past 70 years, along with an examination of the physiological response of cuttings to applied auxin and an overview of issues leading to future opportunities.

scholarly journals Establishment and functioning of the Vascular Registry in Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (19) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Menyhei ◽  
Gábor Simó ◽  
Zoltán Szeberin ◽  
Gábor Bíró ◽  
Tamás Kováts
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carotid Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
On Line ◽  
Scientific Results

Randomized controlled trials provide the best evidence in clinical trials; however, they do have limitations. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, population based registries may also yield useful information about the actual practice and they may enable users to carry out a dynamic follow-up. To evaluate the outcome of vascular procedures, the Vascular Registry in Hungary has been established in 2002. This article presents the establishment and functioning of the Vascular Registry and provides information about scientific results obtained during the past years. The Vascular Registry is an internet based database with on-line input. The backup server is provided by the National Institute for Quality and Organizational Development in Healthcare and Medicines. The database collects data in three different fields: interventions for carotid artery, aneurysm (any type) and lower extremity vascular diseases. Twenty five vascular surgical units record interventions in the registry, which corresponds to two thirds of the whole activity. Since joining the Vascunet Group of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, the registry has contributed to several publications based on evaluation of a large common dataset in different fields of vascular surgery. A validation process has been recently performed which confirmed the internal and external validity of the database. The authors conclude that despite unsolved problems related to financing issues, the Vascular Registry has proved to be a useful tool during the past years. In order to take advantage of the registry to its fullest, measures should be taken to achieve a more complete data recording, increase publication activity on the national dataset, improve the flow of information during operation and develop a system of regular feedback. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(19), 755–760.

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