scholarly journals ExMarine: An experimental field mesocosm system to study multiple-stressor impacts on rock pool biodiversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Niklas Macher
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rock Pool ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Field Mesocosm

Biodiversity loss due to increasing anthropogenic activities is one of the biggest threats to humanity. Understanding the impacts of multiple-stressors on ecosystems and biodiversity is therefore an urgent task. Shore ecosystems are especially valuable, as they harbour a high biodiversity and provide important ecosystems services. Until now, experimental approaches addressing multiple-stressor impacts on these ecosystems have been rare and mostly run with a limited number of replicates and under non-natural conditions. Here, an experimental field mesocosm system that allows studying multiple-stressor impacts on rock pool biodiversity is proposed. The ExMarine mesocosm system is composed of 64 experimental rock pool mesocosms in a fully randomised block design, which allows studying multiple-stressor impacts under highly standardised conditions. Water is taken directly from the sea, allowing biota to immigrate and emigrate freely. Water flow into the mesocosms can be regulated and it is possible to simulate disturbance through waves during high tide. The system can help to understand the impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity, to monitor ecosystem health and to plan measures preventing the further loss of biodiversity.

scholarly journals ExMarine: An experimental field mesocosm system to study multiple-stressor impacts on rock pool biodiversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Niklas Macher
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rock Pool ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Field Mesocosm

Biodiversity loss due to increasing anthropogenic activities is one of the biggest threats to humanity. Understanding the impacts of multiple-stressors on ecosystems and biodiversity is therefore an urgent task. Shore ecosystems are especially valuable, as they harbour a high biodiversity and provide important ecosystems services. Until now, experimental approaches addressing multiple-stressor impacts on these ecosystems have been rare and mostly run with a limited number of replicates and under non-natural conditions. Here, an experimental field mesocosm system that allows studying multiple-stressor impacts on rock pool biodiversity is proposed. The ExMarine mesocosm system is composed of 64 experimental rock pool mesocosms in a fully randomised block design, which allows studying multiple-stressor impacts under highly standardised conditions. Water is taken directly from the sea, allowing biota to immigrate and emigrate freely. Water flow into the mesocosms can be regulated and it is possible to simulate disturbance through waves during high tide. The system can help to understand the impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity, to monitor ecosystem health and to plan measures preventing the further loss of biodiversity.

scholarly journals ExMarine: An experimental field mesocosm system to study multiple-stressor impacts on rock pool biodiversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Niklas Macher
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rock Pool ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Field Mesocosm

Biodiversity loss due to increasing anthropogenic activities is one of the biggest threats to humanity. Understanding the impacts of multiple-stressors on ecosystems and biodiversity is therefore an urgent task. Shore ecosystems are especially valuable, as they harbour a high biodiversity and provide important ecosystems services. Until now, experimental approaches addressing multiple-stressor impacts on these ecosystems have been rare and mostly run with a limited number of replicates and under non-natural conditions. Here, an experimental field mesocosm system that allows studying multiple-stressor impacts on rock pool biodiversity is proposed. The ExMarine mesocosm system is composed of 64 experimental rock pool mesocosms in a fully randomised block design, which allows studying multiple-stressor impacts under highly standardised conditions. Water is taken directly from the sea, allowing biota to immigrate and emigrate freely. Water flow into the mesocosms can be regulated and it is possible to simulate disturbance through waves during high tide. The system can help to understand the impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity, to monitor ecosystem health and to plan measures preventing the further loss of biodiversity.

Environmental Degradation in the Ikorodu Sub-Urban Lagos - Lagoon Coastal Environment, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakirudeen Odunuga ◽  
Samuel Udofia ◽  
Opeyemi Esther Osho ◽  
Olubunmi Adegun
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of The Environment

Introduction:Human activities exert great pressures on the environment which in turn cause environmental stresses of various intensities depending on the factors involved and the sensitivity of the receiving environment.Objective:This study examines the effects of anthropogenic activities along the sub-urban lagoon fragile coastal ecosystem using DPSIR framework.Results:The results show that the study area has undergone a tremendous change between 1964 and 2015 with the built up area increasing to about 1,080 ha (17.87%) in 2015 from 224 ha (1.32%) in 1964 at an average growth rate of 16.78ha per annum. The nature of the degradation includes an increasing fragility of the ecosystem through the emergence and expansion of wetlands, flooding and erosion as well as a reduction in the benefits from the ecosystem services. Population growth, between 2006 and 2015 for Ikorodu LGA, estimated at 8.84% per annum serves as the most important driving force in reducing the quality of the environment. This is in addition to Pressures emanating from anthropogenic activities. The state of the environment shows continuous resource exploitation (fishing and sand mining) with the impacts of the pressures coming from water pollution, bank erosion, biodiversity loss and flooding. Although there has been a strong policy formulation response from the government, weak implementation is a major challenge.Recommendation:The study recommends public awareness campaigns and the implementation of existing policies to ensure a sustainable sub-urban lagoon coastal environment..

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

scholarly journals Pengendalian Alternatif Hama Serangga Sayuran dengan Menggunakan Perangkap Kertas

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/860 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Lukmanul Hakim ◽  
Erdi Surya ◽  
Abdul Muis
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Insect Populations

Sayuran merupakan bahan pangan yang sangat dibutuhkan manusia karena mengandung serat dan sejumlah vitamin dan mineral. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan sayuran banyak kendala yang dihadapi petani, salah satunya adalah gangguan hama serangga. Untuk mengendalikan hama serangga telah banyak pula cara yang dilakukan oleh petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model perangkap serangga yang terbuat dari media kertas dan lampu warna. Warna yang dicobakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari merah, kuning, dan hijau. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dari bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2016 di kebun percobaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Pembangunan Pertanian (SMKPP), Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Objek penelitian adalah tanaman jagung. Metode penelitian menggunakan RCBD dengan 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Variabel pengamatan populasi serangga yang terperangkap pada media kertas dan lampu warna. Hasil penelitian menujukkan tangkapan serangga tertinggi pada kertas dan lampu warna kuning, kemudian diikuti kertas dan lampu warna hijau dan merah. This study aimed to test the two models of trap insect, which were made from trapping paper media and colored light. The tested colors are red, yellow, and green, while the colors of light consist of red, yellow, and green. This study conducted from July to August 2016 at the experimental field of "Hight School Vocational Agricultural Development” Seulawah Valley Districts, Large Districts of Aceh, Aceh Province using the corn crop as the object. The research method approached in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The variable observation was insect populations trapped on paper media and colored light. The result showed that the highest insect population was on paper and yellow color light, the medium population was on the green paper, and the lowest population encountered on red paper.

scholarly journals Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1926) ◽  
pp. 20200421 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Orr ◽  
Rolf D. Vinebrooke ◽  
Michelle C. Jackson ◽  
Kristy J. Kroeker ◽  
Rebecca L. Kordas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Meta Analyses

Anthropogenic environmental changes, or ‘stressors’, increasingly threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Multiple-stressor research is a rapidly expanding field of science that seeks to understand and ultimately predict the interactions between stressors. Reviews and meta-analyses of the primary scientific literature have largely been specific to either freshwater, marine or terrestrial ecology, or ecotoxicology. In this cross-disciplinary study, we review the state of knowledge within and among these disciplines to highlight commonality and division in multiple-stressor research. Our review goes beyond a description of previous research by using quantitative bibliometric analysis to identify the division between disciplines and link previously disconnected research communities. Towards a unified research framework, we discuss the shared goal of increased realism through both ecological and temporal complexity, with the overarching aim of improving predictive power. In a rapidly changing world, advancing our understanding of the cumulative ecological impacts of multiple stressors is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Identifying and overcoming the barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge exchange is necessary in rising to this challenge. Division between ecosystem types and disciplines is largely a human creation. Species and stressors cross these borders and so should the scientists who study them.

scholarly journals Ecological Risk of Water Resource Use to the Wellbeing of Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Rivers of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalekan A. Agboola ◽  
Colleen T. Downs ◽  
Gordon O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

The rivers of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, are being impacted by various anthropogenic activities that threaten their sustainability. Our study demonstrated how Bayesian networks could be used to conduct an environmental risk assessment of macroinvertebrate biodiversity and their associated ecosystem to assess the overall effects of these anthropogenic stressors in the rivers. We examined the exposure pathways through various habitats in the study area using a conceptual model that linked the sources of stressors through cause-effect pathways. A Bayesian network was constructed to represent the observed complex interactions and overall risk from water quality, flow and habitat stressors. The model outputs and sensitivity analysis showed ecosystem threat and river health (represented by macroinvertebrate assessment index – MIRAI) could have high ecological risks on macroinvertebrate biodiversity and the ecosystem, respectively. The results of our study demonstrated that Bayesian networks can be used to calculate risk for multiple stressors and that they are a powerful tool for informing future strategies for achieving best management practices and policymaking. Apart from the current scenario, which was developed from field data, we also simulated three other scenarios to predict potential risks to our selected endpoints. We further simulated the low and high risks to the endpoints to demonstrate that the Bayesian network can be an effective adaptive management tool for decision making.

scholarly journals Amphibians in Zootaxa: 20 years documenting the global diversity of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4979 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽  
DIEGO BALDO ◽  
FLORENCIA VERA CANDIOTI ◽  
VICTOR GOYANNES DILL ORRICO ◽  
DAVID C. BLACKBURN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Global Diversity ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Species Descriptions

Zootaxa is a mega-journal that since its inception, 20 years ago, has contributed to the documentation of the planet’s biodiversity. Its role concerning terrestrial vertebrates has been crucial especially for amphibians, which are the most threatened class of vertebrates. As current editors of the Amphibia section, we reviewed the state of knowledge of taxonomic publications on amphibians over the last two decades (from 2001 to 2020). Our review reveals that 2,533 frogs, 259 salamanders, and 55 caecilians have been named in these 20 years, mainly in the tropical regions of South America, Asia, and Africa. More than half (57%) of these species descriptions were published in only 10 journals. At least 827 species of the new amphibians (29% of the total) were described in Zootaxa. This mega-journal has served also as a place of publication for monographs and systematic reviews, in addition to short articles documenting the vocalizations of anurans and the morphology of embryos and larvae. Its efficient evaluation process, the freedom of manuscript length, including full-color figures, and free of cost for the authors, has made Zootaxa a favorite for amphibian researchers. In an era of accelerating rates of biodiversity loss, documenting, describing, naming, and proposing evolutionary scenarios for species is, more than ever, an urgent task. 

scholarly journals The Effects of Inorganic Fertilizer and Mineral Leucite Residues on K Uptake and Maize Yields (Zea mays L.) in Oxisols

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Slamet Minardi ◽  
Wiwik Hartatik ◽  
Isna Luthfa Haniati
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Yields

<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inorganic fertilizer and leucite mineral residues on K uptake and maize yields. This research had been conducted from October 2016 to September 2017 in the experimental field of Neglasari, Dramaga, Bogor. The soil was analyzed in the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The study was arranged in a completely randomized block design using 11 treatments with three replications. The result showed that the NPK 150 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> residues gave a better effect on corn yields whereas there was no significant effect of employing the standard NPK with RAE value of 123%. The study found that the residual treatment of inorganic fertilizers and leucite minerals had a significant impact on maize yields but not on K uptake.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Biofertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer Toward The Nutrient Uptake in Maize Plant (Zea mays l.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
Yun Sondang ◽  
Khazy Anty ◽  
Ramond Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Indigenous Microorganism ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design

The productivity of land and plants have decreased slowly, due to the use of inorganic fertilizers continuously. Efforts to improve productivity are reducing inorganic fertilizers and returning organic matter to the soil. The aim of this research are (1) to identify the chemical characteristics of biofertilizer with an indigenous microorganism as bioactivators and (2) to study the effect of biofertilizer on nutrient uptake of maize plant. The research was conducted at Laboratory, Greenhouse, and Experimental Field of Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Indonesia. The first step experiment in the Laboratory was produced indigenous microorganism from banana humps. The second step of making bio-fertilizers in Greenhouse used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments of indigenous microorganism (IMO) level 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% in biofertilizer with five replications. The third step of biofertilizer application on the Experimental Field used Randomized Block Design Factorial arranged with two factors and three replications, the first factor IMO level in biofertilizer (M) 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and the second factor was the dosage of inorganic fertilizer (P) 0%, 50%, 100% of the recommended dosage, 12 combinations of treatments were obtained. Results showed that microbe consortium (Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma asperellum) in biofertilizers with different levels would affect the chemical characteristics of biofertilizer. Biofertilizers influences nutrient uptake of P and K maize plant, while inorganic fertilizer influences nutrient uptake of N and P maize plant.

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