scholarly journals Food safety in Thailand 4: Comparison of pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables purchased from local markets and supermarkets in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sompon Wanwimolruk ◽  
Kamonrat Phopin ◽  
Somchai Boonpangrak ◽  
Virapong Prachayasittikul
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Background The wide use of pesticides raises concerns on the health risks associated with pesticide exposure. For developing countries, pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits have not been totally monitored. This study aims at providing comparison data on pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables (Chinese kale, pakchoi and morning glory) purchased from some local markets and supermarkets in Thailand. Methods These vegetables were randomly bought from local markets and supermarkets. Then they were analyzed for the content of 28 pesticides by using GC-MS/MS. Results Types of pesticides detected in the samples either from local markets or supermarkets were similar. The incidence of detected pesticides was 100% (local markets) and 99% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 98% (local markets) and 100% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi; and 99% (local markets) and 97% (supermarkets) for the morning glory samples. The pesticides were detected exceeding their MRL at a rate of 48% (local markets) and 35% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 71% (local markets) and 55% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi, and 42% (local markets) and 49% (supermarkets) for the morning glory. Discussion These rates are much higher than those seen in developed countries. It should be noted that these findings were assessed on basis of using criteria (such as MRL) obtained from developed countries. Our findings were also confined to these vegetables sold in a few central provinces of Thailand and did not reflect for the whole country as sample sizes were small. Risk assessment due to consuming these pesticide contaminated vegetables, still remains to be evaluated. It is unlikely that this will affect the health of tourists visiting Thailand because they do not consume these vegetables daily and in large amount. However, remarkably high incidence rates of detected pesticides give warning to the Thai authorities to implement proper regulations on pesticide monitoring programme. Similar incidence of pesticide contamination found in the vegetables bought from local markets and supermarkets raises question regarding the quality of organic vegetables domestically sold in Thailand. This conclusion excludes Thai export quality vegetables and fruits routinely monitored for pesticide contamination before exporting.

scholarly journals Food safety in Thailand 4: Comparison of pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables purchased from local markets and supermarkets in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sompon Wanwimolruk ◽  
Kamonrat Phopin ◽  
Somchai Boonpangrak ◽  
Virapong Prachayasittikul
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Background The wide use of pesticides raises concerns on the health risks associated with pesticide exposure. For developing countries, pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits have not been totally monitored. This study aims at providing comparison data on pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables (Chinese kale, pakchoi and morning glory) purchased from some local markets and supermarkets in Thailand. Methods These vegetables were randomly bought from local markets and supermarkets. Then they were analyzed for the content of 28 pesticides by using GC-MS/MS. Results Types of pesticides detected in the samples either from local markets or supermarkets were similar. The incidence of detected pesticides was 100% (local markets) and 99% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 98% (local markets) and 100% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi; and 99% (local markets) and 97% (supermarkets) for the morning glory samples. The pesticides were detected exceeding their MRL at a rate of 48% (local markets) and 35% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 71% (local markets) and 55% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi, and 42% (local markets) and 49% (supermarkets) for the morning glory. Discussion These rates are much higher than those seen in developed countries. It should be noted that these findings were assessed on basis of using criteria (such as MRL) obtained from developed countries. Our findings were also confined to these vegetables sold in a few central provinces of Thailand and did not reflect for the whole country as sample sizes were small. Risk assessment due to consuming these pesticide contaminated vegetables, still remains to be evaluated. It is unlikely that this will affect the health of tourists visiting Thailand because they do not consume these vegetables daily and in large amount. However, remarkably high incidence rates of detected pesticides give warning to the Thai authorities to implement proper regulations on pesticide monitoring programme. Similar incidence of pesticide contamination found in the vegetables bought from local markets and supermarkets raises question regarding the quality of organic vegetables domestically sold in Thailand. This conclusion excludes Thai export quality vegetables and fruits routinely monitored for pesticide contamination before exporting.

scholarly journals Food safety in Thailand 4: comparison of pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables purchased from local markets and supermarkets in Thailand

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sompon Wanwimolruk ◽  
Kamonrat Phopin ◽  
Somchai Boonpangrak ◽  
Virapong Prachayasittikul
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

BackgroundThe wide use of pesticides raises concerns on the health risks associated with pesticide exposure. For developing countries, like Thailand, pesticide monitoring program (in vegetables and fruits) and also the maximum residue limits (MRL) regulation have not been entirely implemented. The MRL is a product limit, not a safety limit. The MRL is the maximum concentration of a pesticide residue (expressed as mg/kg) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to be legally permitted in or on food commodities and animal feeds (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2015; European Commission, 2015). MRLs are based on supervised residue trial data where the pesticide has been applied in accordance with GAP (Good Agricultural Practice). This study aims at providing comparison data on pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables (Chinese kale, pakchoi and morning glory) purchased from some local markets and supermarkets in Thailand.MethodsThese vegetables were randomly bought from local markets and supermarkets. Then they were analyzed for the content of 28 pesticides by using GC-MS/MS.ResultsTypes of pesticides detected in the samples either from local markets or supermarkets were similar. The incidence of detected pesticides was 100% (local markets) and 99% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 98% (local markets) and 100% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi; and 99% (local markets) and 97% (supermarkets) for the morning glory samples. The pesticides were detected exceeding their MRL at a rate of 48% (local markets) and 35% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 71% (local markets) and 55% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi, and 42% (local markets) and 49% (supermarkets) for the morning glory.DiscussionThese rates are much higher than those seen in developed countries. It should be noted that these findings were assessed on basis of using criteria (such as MRL) obtained from developed countries. Our findings were also confined to these vegetables sold in a few central provinces of Thailand and did not reflect for the whole country as sample sizes were small. Risk assessment due to consuming these pesticide contaminated vegetables, still remains to be evaluated. However, remarkably high incidence rates of detected pesticides give warning to the Thai authorities to implement proper regulations on pesticide monitoring program. Similar incidence of pesticide contamination found in the vegetables bought from local markets and supermarkets raises question regarding the quality of organic vegetables domestically sold in Thailand. This conclusion excludes Thai export quality vegetables and fruits routinely monitored for pesticide contamination before exporting.

Evaluation of pesticide residues of organochlorine in vegetables and fruits in Qatar: statistical analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora M. Al-Shamary ◽  
Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti ◽  
Ismail Al-Shaikh ◽  
Saeed H. Al-Meer ◽  
Talaat A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures: A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sartorius ◽  
A. Jablensky ◽  
A. Korten ◽  
G. Ernberg ◽  
M. Anker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Contact

SynopsisIn a context of a WHO collaborative study, 12 research centres in 10 countries monitored geographically defined populations over 2 years to identify individuals making a first-in-lifetime contact with any type of ‘helping agency’ because of symptoms of psychotic illness. A total of 1379 persons who met specified inclusion criteria for schizophrenia and other related non-affective disorders were examined extensively, using standardized instruments, on entry into the study and on two consecutive follow-ups at annual intervals. Patients in different cultures, meeting the ICD and CATEGO criteria for schizophrenia, were remarkably similar in their symptom profiles and 49% of them presented the central schizophrenic conditions as defined by CATEGO class S+. However, the 2-year pattern of course was considerably more favourable in patients in developing countries compared with patients in developed countries, and the difference could not be fully explained by the higher frequency of acute onsets among the former. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and estimates of disease expectancy were determined for a ‘broad’ diagnostic group of schizophrenic illness and for CATEGO S+ cases. While the former showed significant differences among the centres, the differences in the rates for S+ cases were non-significant or marginal. The results provide strong support for the notion that schizophrenic illnesses occur with comparable frequency in different populations and support earlier findings that the prognosis is better in less industrialized societies.

scholarly journals Impacts of Pesticide Exposure on Paddy Farmers’ Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhra Bhattacharjee ◽  
MAZ Chowdhury ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
MK Alam
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Paddy Farmers

Effects of pesticide exposure on farmer’s health are conducted mostly in developed countries, which is rare in least developed countries like Bangladesh. Here farmers had less guidance and instruction about the preventive measures to protect themselves and environment. This work was studied to assess the impacts of pesticide exposure on the paddy farmer’s health in two different Upazilas of Manikganj, Bangladesh. The study was conducted as cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative components. Five hundred eighty two farmers (368 sprayers and 214 non-sprayers) were interviewed. Chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Three hundred sixty eight farmers (64.3%) sprayed pesticides and were directly exposed to chemicals. Among them 64.22% and 9.06%, farmers used moderately and highly hazardous pesticides, respectively. 257 farmers (69.8%) were not taken any protective measures to handle pesticides. Excessive sweating, burning eyes and fatigue were reported by 26.3%, 24.4% and 18.8% of the farmers, respectively. These types of symptoms were significantly associated among male farmers. The study reveals that due to lack of awareness, occupational exposures of pesticides among farmers are common in Bangladesh and it also emphasize the importance of use of personal protective equipments. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 18-25, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16326

scholarly journals Deltamethrin residues applied in different formulations in staked cucumber and the actions of insecticides on the pickleworm control

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto C de Baptista ◽  
Luiz Roberto P Trevizan ◽  
André A Franco ◽  
Renato A da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Concentrate Suspension ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Sampling Times

Pesticide residues, especially in vegetables and fruits, are a reason for concern with respect to the health of consumers and workers that need to return to areas that have been treated with these agrochemicals. The objectives of this experiment were to (a) study the behavior of deltamethrin residues from different formulations on cucumber fruits; and (b) correlate insecticide contents in the fruits with pickleworm control. Treatments were as follows: (a) control; (b) three 30 mL applications of deltamethrin 25 EC 100 L-1 water (emulsifiable concentrate formulation); (c) three 7.5 mL applications of deltamethrin 100 EC 100 L-1 water (emulsifiable concentrate); and (d) three 3.75 mL applications of deltamethrin 200 CS 100 L-1 water (concentrate suspension). Samples were taken at (-1), zero, 1; 3; 5; 7, and 14 days after the last application. Residues were determined by the gas chromatography technique, using an electron capture detector. In order to evaluate insecticide effectiveness, six infestation surveys were conducted during the same sampling times. Although at low levels, the deltamethrin residues in the fruits were above the maximum residue level (MRL = 0.03 mg kg-1), even one day after the end of the safety interval (2 days), and were higher for the CS formulation. The insecticide was effective to control the pest during the entire evaluation period.

Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits Monitored in São Paulo City, Brazil, 1994–2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Gebara ◽  
C. H. P. Ciscato ◽  
M. da S. Ferreira ◽  
S. H. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

scholarly journals Hospital Based Cancer Statistics as an Initial Step towards Establishment of Effective Cancer Intervention in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Khamis Othman Amour ◽  
Khamza Kibwana Maunda ◽  
Peter Kitau Msaki
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix ◽  
Cancer Intervention

There is an increasing public awareness that cancer in terms of increasing incidence rates and low curability become a serious problem in Tanzania. Due to limited human and physical resources in Tanzania, cancer interventions that address high incidences, curability and socio-economic impact must be given top priority. This information is often obtained in Population Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) which is not only lacking in Tanzania but its production requires relatively long period of follow-up and high cost of registration. Since establishment of effective cancer intervention is urgent, the desired information needed to accord this priority has been obtained from Hospital Based Cancer Statistics at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI). From this study, it was found that interventions of cancer of the cervix, breast, kaposi sarcoma, esophageal and head and neck has to be given high priority. It was also observed that treatment outcome for cervical cancer patients of all stages ranged between 34.2 % and 39.1% in the year 2010 and 2015 respectively. Using incidence, curability and socio-economic indices, the cancer type which require effective intervention are cancer of the cervix, breast and kaposi sarcoma. Implicitly, in the low cure rate of each detected cervical cancer in Tanzania compared to high cure rate reported in developed countries, early detection interventions and dose delivery accuracy should be improved.

scholarly journals Are children more vulnerable to mesothelioma than adults? A comparison of mesothelioma risk among children and adults exposed non-occupationally to blue asbestos at Wittenoom

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 898-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Reid ◽  
Peter Franklin ◽  
Geoffrey Berry ◽  
Susan Peters ◽  
Nita Sodhi-Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Long Latency

ObjectivesThe presence of asbestos in public buildings is a legacy of past asbestos use in many developed countries. Of particular concern is the amount and current condition in schools and the vulnerability of children to mesothelioma. Our aim was to compare the risk of mesothelioma between those exposed to blue asbestos as children and as adults at Wittenoom.MethodsPublic sources were used to establish the Wittenoom residents’ cohort. Mesothelioma incidence rates per 100 000 person-years at risk were derived for those first exposed to asbestos at Wittenoom as children (<15 years) or adults separately. Proportional hazards survival models examined the slope of the exposure-response relationship between asbestos exposure and incidence of mesothelioma in different sex and age groups.ResultsThe mesothelioma rate was lower among those first exposed as children (76.8 per 100 000) than those first exposed as adults (121.3 per 100 000). Adjusting for cumulative exposure to asbestos and sex, those exposed as adults had a greater risk of mesothelioma (adjusted HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.7). The slope of the exposure-response relationship did not differ between those exposed as children and those exposed as adults.ConclusionWe found no greater susceptibility to mesothelioma among those first exposed to asbestos as children than those first exposed as adults. However, given the long latency of mesothelioma, and the greater years of life yet to be lived by the Wittenoom children, it is likely that there will be more cases of mesothelioma in the future among those first exposed as children.

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