scholarly journals Invasion of the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Rhinodrilidae, Oligochaeta) in temperate grasslands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ortiz-Gamino ◽  
Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Angel I. Ortiz-Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Pontoscolex Corethrurus ◽  
Invasive Earthworms ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Laguna Verde ◽  
The One

The tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus presents a broad distribution (56 countries from four continents) with climates that resemble the one in its native area of distribution. In invasive earthworms, it is generally assumed that temperature appears to limit the success of tropical exotic species in temperate climates. With the global climate change, the edge of the distribution range of this species could advance towards higher elevations (with lower temperatures) where no tropical species currently occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil and climatic variables that could be closely associated with the distribution of P. corethrurus in four sites along an altitudinal gradient in central Veracruz, Mexico. We tested the hypothesis that the global migration of P. corethrurus appears to be limited only by temperature. Five sampling points (monoliths) were established at each of four sites along an altitudinal gradient: Laguna Verde (LV), Ingenio La Concepción (IC), Naolinco (NA) and Acatlán (AC) at 20, 982, 1542 y 1751 masl, respectively. Our results showed that the climate along the altitudinal gradient ranged from tropical to temperate. Ten earthworm species were found along the gradient, belonging to three families (Rhinodrilidae, Megascolecide and Lumbricidae). Soil properties are associated with the abundance of the earthworm community along the altitudinal gradient. P. corethrurus was recorded at three sites (LV, IC and NA) along the altitudinal gradient. Our results reveal that the premise that low temperature limits the distribution of P. corethrurus in not supported; that is, this species may survive and reproduce at the site NA with an average annual temperature of 17 ºC. These results suggested that P. corethrurus might be colonizing temperate environments.

scholarly journals Invasion of the tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Rhinodrilidae, Oligochaeta) in temperate grasslands

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ortiz-Gamino ◽  
Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Angel I. Ortiz-Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Pontoscolex Corethrurus ◽  
Invasive Earthworms ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Laguna Verde ◽  
The One

The tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus presents a broad distribution (56 countries from four continents) with climates that resemble the one in its native area of distribution. In invasive earthworms, it is generally assumed that temperature appears to limit the success of tropical exotic species in temperate climates. With the global climate change, the edge of the distribution range of this species could advance towards higher elevations (with lower temperatures) where no tropical species currently occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil and climatic variables that could be closely associated with the distribution of P. corethrurus in four sites along an altitudinal gradient in central Veracruz, Mexico. We tested the hypothesis that the global migration of P. corethrurus appears to be limited only by temperature. Five sampling points (monoliths) were established at each of four sites along an altitudinal gradient: Laguna Verde (LV), Ingenio La Concepción (IC), Naolinco (NA) and Acatlán (AC) at 20, 982, 1542 y 1751 masl, respectively. Our results showed that the climate along the altitudinal gradient ranged from tropical to temperate. Ten earthworm species were found along the gradient, belonging to three families (Rhinodrilidae, Megascolecide and Lumbricidae). Soil properties are associated with the abundance of the earthworm community along the altitudinal gradient. P. corethrurus was recorded at three sites (LV, IC and NA) along the altitudinal gradient. Our results reveal that the premise that low temperature limits the distribution of P. corethrurus in not supported; that is, this species may survive and reproduce at the site NA with an average annual temperature of 17 ºC. These results suggested that P. corethrurus might be colonizing temperate environments.

scholarly journals Invasion of the tropical earthwormPontoscolex corethrurus(Rhinodrilidae, Oligochaeta) in temperate grasslands

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ortiz-Gamino ◽  
Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Angel I. Ortiz-Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Laguna Verde ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Wilting Point ◽  
Edaphic Parameters

The tropical earthwormPontoscolex corethrurus(Rhinodrilidae, Oligochaeta) presents a broad distribution (e.g., 56 countries from four continents). It is generally assumed that temperature appears to limit the success of tropical exotic species in temperate climates. However, the distribution range of this species could advance towards higher elevations (with lower temperatures) where no tropical species currently occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil and climatic variables that could be closely associated with the distribution ofP. corethrurusin four sites along an altitudinal gradient in central Veracruz, Mexico. We predicted that the distribution ofP. corethruruswould be more related to climate variables than edaphic parameters. Five sampling points (in the grassland) were established at each of four sites along an altitudinal gradient: Laguna Verde (LV), La Concepción (LC), Naolinco (NA) and Acatlán (AC) at 11–55, 992–1,025, 1,550–1,619 y 1,772–1,800 masl, respectively. The climate ranged from tropical to temperate along the altitudinal gradient. Ten earthworm species (5 Neotropical, 4 Palearctic and 1 Nearctic) were found along the gradient, belonging to three families (Rhinodrilidae, Megascolecide and Lumbricidae). Soil properties showed a significant association (positive for Ngrass, pH, permanent wilting point, organic matter and P; and negative for Total N, K and water-holding capacity) with the abundance of the earthworm community. Also there seems to be a relationship between climate and earthworm distribution along the altitudinal gradient.P. corethruruswas recorded at tropical (LV and LC) and temperate sites (NA) along the altitudinal gradient. Our results reveal that soil fertility determines the abundance of earthworms and site (climate) can act as a barrier to their migration. Further research is needed to determine the genetic structure and lineages ofP. corethrurusalong altitudinal gradients.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Northward Spread of Ticks (Ixodida) as Climate Warms in Northern Russia

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Leonid N. Vladimirov ◽  
Grigory N. Machakhtyrov ◽  
Varvara A. Machakhtyrova ◽  
Albertus S. Louw ◽  
Netrananda Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Tick Abundance ◽  
Climate Parameters ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Russia

Climate change is affecting human health worldwide. In particular, changes to local and global climate parameters influence vector and water-borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and tick-borne encephalitis. The Republic of Sakha in northern Russia is no exception. Long-term trends of increasing annual temperatures and thawing permafrost have corresponded with the northward range expansion of tick-species in the Republic. Indigenous communities living in these remote areas may be severely affected by human and livestock diseases introduced by disease vectors like ticks. To better understand the risk of vector-borne diseases in Sakha, we aimed to describe the increase and spatial spread of tick-bite cases in the Republic. Between 2000 and 2018, the frequency of tick bite cases increased 40-fold. At the start of the period, only isolated cases were reported in southern districts, but by 2018, tick bites had been reported in 21 districts in the Republic. This trend coincides with a noticeable increase in the average annual temperature in the region since the 2000s by an average of 1 °C. Maps illustrate the northward spread of tick-bite cases. A negative binomial regression model was used to correlate the increase in cases with a number of climate parameters. Tick bite case frequency per district was significantly explained by average annual temperature, average temperature in the coldest month of the year, the observation year, as well as Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient. These findings contribute to the growing literature that describe the relationship between tick abundance and spread in Northern Latitudes and changes in temperatures and moisture. Future studies might use these and similar results to map and identify areas at risk of infestation by ticks, as climates continue to change in Sakha.

scholarly journals Global climate change amplifies the entry of tropical species into the eastern Mediterranean Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1478-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionysios E. Raitsos ◽  
Gregory Beaugrand ◽  
Dimitrios Georgopoulos ◽  
Argyro Zenetos ◽  
Antonietta M. Pancucci-Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea

scholarly journals Towards Net Zero export credit: current approaches and next steps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hale ◽  
Andreas Klasen ◽  
Norman Ebner ◽  
Bianca Krämer ◽  
Anastasia Kantzelis
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Export Credit Agencies

As the world economy rapidly decarbonises to meet global climate goals, the export credit sector must keep pace. Countries representing over two-thirds of global GDP have now set net zero targets, as have hundreds of private financial institutions. Public and private initiatives are now working to develop new standards and methodologies for shifting investment portfolios to decarbonisation pathways based on science. However, export credit agencies (ECAs) are only at the beginning stages of this seismic transformation. On the one hand, the net zero transition creates risks to existing business models and clients for the many ECAs, while on the other, it creates a significant opportunity for ECAs to refocus their support to help countries and trade partners meet their climate targets. ECAs can best take advantage of this transition, and minimise its risks, by setting net zero targets and adopting credible plans to decarbonise their portfolios. Collaboration across the sector can be a powerful tool for advancing this goal.

scholarly journals Monitoring Changes to Arctic Vegetation and Glaciers at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Based on Time Series Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Guangbo Ren ◽  
Jianbu Wang ◽  
Yunfei Lu ◽  
Peiqiang Wu ◽  
Xiaoqing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

Climate change has profoundly affected global ecological security. The most vulnerable region on Earth is the high-latitude Arctic. Identifying the changes in vegetation coverage and glaciers in high-latitude Arctic coastal regions is important for understanding the process and impact of global climate change. Ny-Ålesund, the northern-most human settlement, is typical of these coastal regions and was used as a study site. Vegetation and glacier changes over the past 35 years were studied using time series remote sensing data from Landsat 5/7/8 acquired in 1985, 1989, 2000, 2011, 2015 and 2019. Site survey data in 2019, a digital elevation model from 2009 and meteorological data observed from 1985 to 2019 were also used. The vegetation in the Ny-Ålesund coastal zone showed a trend of declining and then increasing, with a breaking point in 2000. However, the area of vegetation with coverage greater than 30% increased over the whole study period, and the wetland moss area also increased, which may be caused by the accelerated melting of glaciers. Human activities were responsible for the decline in vegetation cover around Ny-Ålesund owing to the construction of the town and airport. Even in areas with vegetation coverage of only 13%, there were at least five species of high-latitude plants. The melting rate of five major glaciers in the study area accelerated, and approximately 82% of the reduction in glacier area occurred after 2000. The elevation of the lowest boundary of the five glaciers increased by 50–70 m. The increase in precipitation and the average annual temperature after 2000 explains the changes in both vegetation coverage and glaciers in the study period.

Global Climate Change: Real or Myth?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The One

We, the teeming billions of people on earth, are changing the earth’s climate at an unprecedented rate because we are spewing out greenhouse gases and are heading to a disaster, say most climate scientists. Not so, say the skeptics. We are just experiencing normal variations in earth’s climate and we should all take a big breath, settle down, and worry about something else. Which is it? A national debate has raged for the last several decades about whether anthropogenic (man-made) sources of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and other so-called “greenhouse gases“ (primarily methane and nitrous oxide) are causing the world to heat up. This phenomenon is usually called “global warming,” but it is more appropriate to call it “global climate change,” since it is not simply an increase in global temperatures but rather more complex changes to the overall climate. Al Gore is a prominent spokesman for the theory that humans are causing an increase in greenhouse gases leading to global climate change. His movie and book, An Inconvenient Truth, gave the message widespread awareness and resulted in a Nobel Peace Prize for him in 2008. However, the message also led to widespread criticism. On the one hand are a few scientists and a large segment of the general American public who believe that there is no connection between increased CO2 in the atmosphere and global climate change, or if there is, it is too expensive to do anything about it, anyway. On the other hand is an overwhelming consensus of climate scientists who have produced enormous numbers of research papers demonstrating that increased CO2 is changing the earth’s climate. The scientific consensus is expressed most clearly in the Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 by the United Nations–sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the fourth in a series of reports since 1990. The IPCC began as a group of scientists meeting in Geneva in November 1988 to discuss global climate issues under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program.

scholarly journals Spatial structure of the Kodar-Kalar orobiome botanical diversity on bioclimatic basis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Bocharnikov ◽  
Anton A. Stas’ko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Altitudinal Belts ◽  
Botanical Diversity ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Bioclimatic substantiation of the vegetation spatial structure of the Kodar-Kalar orobiome on the basis of altitudinal vegetation divisions using the global climate model (BioClim) was carried out. Statistical analysis showed differences between altitudinal belts, sub-belts and also larch forests types on average annual temperature and average annual precipitation. The possibility of using the climate as a factor of differentiation of the vegetation cover at the regional level has been proved.

scholarly journals Water Areas Segmentation from Remote Sensing Images Using a Separable Residual SegNet Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Weng ◽  
Yiming Xu ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Changes on lakes and rivers are of great significance for the study of global climate change. Accurate segmentation of lakes and rivers is critical to the study of their changes. However, traditional water area segmentation methods almost all share the following deficiencies: high computational requirements, poor generalization performance, and low extraction accuracy. In recent years, semantic segmentation algorithms based on deep learning have been emerging. Addressing problems associated to a very large number of parameters, low accuracy, and network degradation during training process, this paper proposes a separable residual SegNet (SR-SegNet) to perform the water area segmentation using remote sensing images. On the one hand, without compromising the ability of feature extraction, the problem of network degradation is alleviated by adding modified residual blocks into the encoder, the number of parameters is limited by introducing depthwise separable convolutions, and the ability of feature extraction is improved by using dilated convolutions to expand the receptive field. On the other hand, SR-SegNet removes the convolution layers with relatively more convolution kernels in the encoding stage, and uses the cascading method to fuse the low-level and high-level features of the image. As a result, the whole network can obtain more spatial information. Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits significant improvements over several traditional methods, including FCN, DeconvNet, and SegNet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document