scholarly journals COOPERATION BETWEEN ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE DESIGN OF COMPLEX REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF STRUCTURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nađa Kurtović Folić
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Structural Engineer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
The Relationship

The history of the relationship between architects and structural engineers went through a series of phases from the mid-19th century, when reinforced concrete began to be technologically advanced. This relationship had its ups and downs, but it became especially important when large covered spaces were formed. Both architects and structural engineers tend to make the reinforced concrete roofs more attractive, but their design is therefore becoming more and more complex. This complexity directly reflects on the relation between the architect and the engineer, on the mutual understanding of the idea and the possibility of materializing it. This paper will deal in more detail with this problem by analysing several important examples, based on which a conclusion can be drawn on the state of this relationship in the 21st century and points out the need to harmonize the relationship between the architect and the structural engineer.

Digital State Strategy

2022 ◽  
pp. 435-488
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Smart City ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Configuration

The purpose of this chapter is to characterize indicators used to advance the computerization of various countries in the European Union (EU) and across the globe. To this end, typical state computerization configurations are classified, and graphical models of critical computerization application systems are presented for each type. Smart city concepts are included in one of the configurations. The chapter begins by examining the history of the development of computerization in the state. It then discusses how, in the 21st century, computerization has changed the relationship between governments and businesses. Next, criteria for assessing computerization are discussed. This is followed by a discussion of different computerization configurations, including the state offline configuration (SOFC), state online configuration (SONC), state integrated configuration (SITC), and others. The chapter concludes by examining Poland's state configuration, which aimed at helping their economic strategy during 2016-2020.

scholarly journals Hebrew, Hebrews, Hubris?: Diagnosing Race and Religion in the Time of COVID-19

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Richard Newton
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race And Religion

This thought experiment in comparison ponders a Black man’s conviction that his Hebrew identity would make him immune to COVID-19. Surfacing the history of the claims and the scholar’s own suspicions, the paper examines the layered politics of identification. Contra an essentialist understanding of the terms, “Hebrew” and “Hebrews” are shown to be classificatory events, ones imbricated in the dynamics of racecraft. Furthermore, a contextualization of the “race religion” model of 19th century scholarship, 20th century US religio-racial movements, and the complicated legacy of Tuskegee in 21st century Black vaccine hesitancy help to outline the need for inquisitiveness rather than hubris in matters of comparison. In so doing, this working paper advances a model of the public scholar as a questioner of categories and a diagnostician of classification.

scholarly journals The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wildan Sena Utama
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

scholarly journals The Forms and Meanings of (In)Visibility Arab-Americans and the State of Terror in Youssef El Guindi’s Back of the Throat and Language Rooms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Schiavini
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Arab American ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates two well-known plays by Youssef El Guindi, the most important and prolific playwright of 21st century Arab-American theatre. Both plays are related to the consequences of the terrorist attacks on the Arab-American community, and they explore the structures of control enacted by the security state and the strategies of its repressive politics. The article focuses in particular on the tropes of visibility and invisibility and its paradoxes for a minority that moved from ‘invisible citizens’ to ‘visible subjects’ within a few hours. The paradoxes of visibility and invisibility and their divide are here explored in relation to three main issues: the relationship between ethnic identity and citizenship – be it social and/or political; deviancy and the construction of Otherness; and identity and the body.

scholarly journals Medical students, beneficiaries of the state scholarships of the Republic of Serbia, and their education in the 21st century: The possibility of improvement

Sociologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nena Vasojevic ◽  
Mirko Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, at the time when Serbia was being established, the education of students scholars abroad was viewed as one of the main tools for professional development and a strong society. Medical students were one of the first who were sent to study abroad. This practice was associated with increasing vertical social mobility of society. The results achieved in the 19th century encouraged us to focus on the study of temporary migrations of students scholars from Serbia in the 21st century. This article was created as a result of this study.4 Our goal was to define the profile of medical students scholars who studied abroad in the 21st century thanks to the state funds, to determine the reasons why they opted for education outside their country, and to determine the level of openness of the Serbian society towards them. However, the main objective was to contribute to the research of reverse migration.

The Archive as a “Collective Project”

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Nilay Özok-Gündoğan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
State Government ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Governmental Body ◽  
National Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

The history of the archive is the history of the state. Or so say conventional approaches to the archives. Until recently, the archive has been seen solely as a site, or rather a repository, of modern state power and governmentality, and a crucial medium for the making and preservation of national memory in the late 19th century. There is a truth to this state-centric perspective: the archive was conceived as a place where governments keep their records; they usually contain a term such as “state,” “government,” or “national” in their names; and they are often funded by and connected to a governmental body.

PECULIARITIES OF THE ELITE SPORT POLITICIZATION PROCESS: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
E.V. SALNIKOV ◽  
◽  
I.N. SALNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
National State ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competitive Games ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Modern Era

The main purpose of the article is to reconstruct the history of sports politicization, by which the authors, in accordance with the position of Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu, understand the special practice of competitive games that arises in the states of the modern era. In this sense, the beginning of modern sports is the second half of the 19th century. The article demonstrates that throughout its development, sport goes through a complex evolution from the form of the embodiment of the power of the national state to the concept of sports outside politics, which is currently collapsing under the influence of explicit and hidden practices of the repoliticization of sports. Special attention is paid to the history of the fight against racism in sports, which in the 21st century is becoming a space for the realization of political interests, the hidden form of which is the practices of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement.

Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
City State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This prologue provides an overview of the history of early and medieval West Africa. During this period, the rise of Islam, the relationship of women to political power, the growth and influence of the domestically enslaved, and the invention and evolution of empire were all unfolding. In contrast to notions of an early Africa timeless and unchanging in its social and cultural categories and conventions, here was a western Savannah and Sahel that from the third/ninth through the tenth/sixteenth centuries witnessed political innovation as well as the evolution of such mutually constitutive categories as race, slavery, ethnicity, caste, and gendered notions of power. By the period's end, these categories assume significations not unlike their more contemporary connotations. All of these transformations were engaged with the apparatus of the state and its progression from the city-state to the empire. The transition consistently featured minimalist notions of governance replicated by successive dynasties, providing a continuity of structure as a mechanism of legitimization. Replication had its limits, however, and would ultimately prove inadequate in addressing unforeseen challenges.

Our Daily Bread: ‘Cooperation’, ‘Independence’ and Politics in Mid-1930s Cinema

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Neve
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cooperative Activity ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter revisits and explores the production history of director King Vidor’s independently made movie, Our Daily Bread (1934), its ideological and aesthetic motifs, and its exhibition and reception in the United States and beyond, not least its apparent failure at the box office. It further considers the relationship between the film and contemporary advocacy of cooperative activity as a response to the Great Depression, notably by the California Cooperative League, Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, and Upton Sinclair’s End Poverty in California campaign for the state governorship. It also assesses the movie in relation to Vidor’s own cooperative vision through its emphasis on individuals and community as a solution to the Great Depression and the significant absence of the state in this agency.

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