scholarly journals Increasing Trends of Tourist Flows from the European Countries to Georgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Nino Abesadze ◽  
Rusudan Kinkladze ◽  
Nino Paresashvili
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Eu

Tourism is developing in Georgia and it is the fact that the exemption of visa limitations has had an important impact on the growth of tourist flows. It may be assumed that significantly increased flows of EU citizens to Georgia in recent years are an immediate result of the liberal visa policy. Research methodology: methods of statistical observation, grouping and analysis were used in the research process. The number of total visitors to the country and that from the European Union increases annually. As the data of 2018 suggest, the visits to Georgia for 72.9% of the international visitors were recurring, while 27.1% of the visitors were on their first visit in Georgia. Visits from the EU are most common in the III quarter of the year, i.e. in summer. EU visitors are mostly from Poland, Germany, UK, France, Lithuania and other countries. Most visitors are of the 26-35 age group. The most visited place is Tbilisi. The visits from the EU show a generally increasing trend, with the greatest increase fixed in 2018 as compared to the previous year; men dominate among the international visitors. The EU countries show a similar regularity; as to the age categories, 31-50 age group dominates among the international visitors and 26-65 age group dominates among the EU visitors; a leading country with the largest number of visits from the EU is Poland; the degree of satisfaction is high, with only 1.7% of the international inbound visitors being discontent.

scholarly journals Science and Technology Policy Research in the EU: From Framework Programme to HORIZON 2020

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junic Kim ◽  
Jaewook Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Framework Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
The Eu

Science and Technology policy is regarded as an essential factor for future growth in the EU, and Horizon 2020 is the world’s most extensive research and innovation programme created by the European Union to support and encourage research in the European Research Area (ERA). The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the changes to the EU’s science and technology policies from Framework Programme to Horizon 2020 and to provide vital information to research organisations and academia to conceive and conduct future research on international cooperation with the EU. Through a policy analysis, this study summarised the four science and technology policy implications: (1) building ecosystems through mutual complementation among industries, (2) solving social problems through science and technology, (3) strengthening SMEs’ participation, and (4) sharing knowledge and strengthening collaboration with non-EU countries.

scholarly journals Spatializing authoritarian neoliberalism by way of cultural politics: City, nation and the European Union in Gdańsk’s politics of cultural policy formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442096523
Author(s):  
Thomas Borén ◽  
Patrycja Grzyś ◽  
Craig Young
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Mobilities ◽  
The Eu

This paper develops perspectives which seek to spatialize authoritarian neoliberalism through arguing for greater engagement with the politics of urban cultural policy formation in the neglected context of post-socialist East and Central Europe. Through analyzing the politics of urban cultural policy-making in Gdańsk, Poland, the paper spatializes authoritarian neoliberalism by exploring how relations between the urban and the national, and between the urban and the supranational, shape urban cultural policy, drawing upon literatures on political economy, policy mobilities, cultural policy research, and the concepts of authoritarian neoliberalism and the relational-territorial nexus. Gdańsk is a liberally run city, strongly aligned with the European Union (EU), opposed to the authoritarian neoliberal national level politics in Poland. The paper analyses urban-national tensions and relationships between Gdańsk and the EU to unpack the contested spatial nature of authoritarian neoliberalism.

scholarly journals The EU as an emerging coordinator in development cooperation: perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa

Afrika Focus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delputte
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Eu

This report presents the proceedings of the eld research conducted in the framework of a doctoral research on the European Union (EU) as an emerging coordinator in development cooperation. This research aims to seek in-depth and interpreted understanding of the paradox between the EU’s ambitions on the one hand and practice on the ground on the other by investigating the EU’s role in four sub-Saharan African countries (Tanzania, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Senegal). As such, it aims to add empirical evidence to the debate on the role of the EU as a development actor. More specifically, it investigates how the ambitions of the EU are translated at country level and in which situations the EU is more/less likely to act as a coordinator, making use of a pragmatist research approach. This approach is especially suited to problem-driven research that aims to understand a complex phenomenon. The article introduces the research question and the rationale, gives an overview of the research approach and the methodological considerations and ends with a summary of the research process and the preliminary findings of the eld research. Key words: EU development policy, aid effectiveness, coordination, pragmatism, interview research 

Value and Structure of Public Aid in Poland Against the European Union Background During the Years 2007-2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Roman Kisiel ◽  
Małgorzata Kamińska ◽  
Wiesława Lizińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Eu

Evaluation of changes in the value and structure of public aid in Poland and EU during the years 2007-2012 was the objective of the paper. The data from reports by the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection as well as data from the State Aid Scoreboard published by the European Commission based on the information provided by the Member States concerning that aid was used. In Poland, evident increasing trends of the horizontal aid value can be observed. In 2012, as compared to 2007, it increased by 0.5 billion euro to the level of 1.64 billion euro. Its share in the total value of support oscillates within 55-60% range. In the European Union that share is generally at the level of 70-74%. In Poland, the sectoral aid is limited gradually although its magnitude still differs from the Union standards. In 2012, the share of that aid was relatively small at ca. 14% while in the EU it was 12.9%. The regional aid is at the similar level both in Poland and in the EU oscillating around 20%. However, in 2012, the share of regional aid in Poland increased to the level of 26% and it was higher by 8 pp than the share of that aid in the EU. Significant differences are characteristic for the share of the aid in the GDP. During the period covered by the study the largest differences occurred in 2010 when the share of support in Poland was 1.7% of the GDP and in the EU 0.6% of the GDP. In 2012, a half of the public aid in Poland was allocated to large enterprises. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF UKRAINE'S TOURISM SERVICES EXPORT TO THE EU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Pochernina
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
National Income ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The Eu

The revival problem of travel and tourism sphere after the devastating consequences of the pandemic has become very urgent for those countries where tourism is an important source of national income and an activity that creates jobs. Tourism stimulates the development of small and medium-sized businesses, has significant potential for a creative economy, quickly recoups costs, has a significant environmental effect, has a high level of implementation of the principle of social inclusion, including the use of the labor of women and youth. Ukraine in the Development Strategy until 2030 declared the goal of ensuring the development of tourism as one of the drivers of the socio-cultural and economic development of the regions. Important tasks for the implementation of this goal are the quantitative increase in tourist flows and increasing their competitiveness. Assessment of modern realities is the initial prerequisite for the formation of a roadmap for the implementation of these tasks. This is important for both domestic and international tourism. Achieving sustainable competitive advantages in the export of tourism services is a strategic goal of Ukraine. Her commitment to the European vector of development influenced the choice of the object of research. Such an object is the tourist flows from Ukraine to the EU. The subject of the research is the assessment of the comparative advantages of the export of tourist services in Ukraine. The Balassa index for a ten-year period was used in the calculation methodology. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the countries of the European Union in terms of the revealed comparative advantages of the export of tourist services in Ukraine. The obtained results made it possible to distribute the EU countries into groups for which specific directions of stimulating the export of tourist services in Ukraine were determined. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use to substantiate programs of international cooperation at the regional and national levels, as well as to develop strategies for the development of the tourism sector at the metho and macro levels.

Current state of mortality of the working-age population in Russia and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 756-759
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Gorchakova ◽  
Anastasiya N. Churanova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
State Programs ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Issues of preserving the health and saving of the Russian population are important in the development of state programs. One of the main sources of population growth, as well as the preservation of the labor potential of our country, is the reduction of the death rate of the working - age population. The aim of the study was to analyze the mortality of the population in the age groups 15-59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years and 15-59 years for women in Russia in comparison with the countries of the European Union (EU-28). Materials and methods. Mortality was studied based on data from Rosstat and the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for Russia in 2018 and the EU-28 countries in 2017 (European standard, revised 2013). Results. Comparative analysis of the standardized mortality rates of the population 15 to 59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years of age and 15-59 years of age showed a significant gap between Russia and the EU-28. Differences in mortality among men in comparison with the EU-28 in the age group of 15-59 years was 3.1 times, and in the age group 15-64 years - by 2.8 times. In women aged 15-54 years, the excess was 2.5 times, and in those aged 15-59 years - 2.2 times. Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of modern data on the mortality of the male (aged 15-59 and 15-64 years) and female (aged 15-54 and 15-59 years) populations indicated that negative trends persist in Russia's lagging behind the European Union countries.

Unia Europejska w świecie: soft power, hard power czy może smart power?

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Sławomir Niedźwiecki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Eu

The main purpose of the article is to ask whether the European Union is a smart power actor. Most of the previous research has treated the EU as a soft power. This work is an analysis of the tools which the European Union uses in its foreign policy. Research has been conducted in the context of types of powers, which have been formulated by Joseph Nye: hard power, soft power and smart power. It was necessary to survey what instruments does the European Union use to have impact on other participants of international relations. Nowadays, a range of these tools is relatively developed, taking into account that the EU is an international organisation. In the conclusion, it is stated that the contemporary European Union should be treated as a soft power, but simultaneously it is an actor which attempts to become a smart power, and has relevant predispositions to it.

scholarly journals Women’s Economic Inactivity and Age. Analysis of the Situation in Poland and the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (338) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Reasons For Staying ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The group of economically inactive women is heavily diversified. The reasons for staying outside the labour market are the important factors that differentiate this group. They depend on the age or level of education among others. In addition, there is great geographical heterogeneity of the reasons for economic inactivity. Hence, two questions arise. Firstly, how significant is the geograph­ical diversity of the reasons for staying outside the labour market in the European Union? Secondly, have these geographical differences been changing over time? The main aim of the analysis is the classification of the EU countries taking into consideration reasons for women’s economic inactivity in different age groups. The analysis is carried out applying descriptive statistics and the k‑means method. The data are taken from the publicly available Eurostat’s Labour Force Survey datasets. The study of general tendencies in women’s economic inactivity covers the years 2000–2016. In turn, cluster analysis was carried out for data from 2006, 2010 and 2014. The obtained results confirmed significant diversity of the EU states. In addition, this geographical diversity has been changing over time. We receive the greatest similarity of classification obtained for different periods for the 50–64 age group and the smallest for the 25–49 age group. Moreover, there are noticeable tendencies of a significant decrease in the share of the economically inactive in the group of the oldest individuals (aged 50–64) in the sample. On the other hand, in the youngest group (individuals aged under 25), there are opposite tendencies observed – the share of those who remain outside the labour market increases.

scholarly journals Crisis process in the development of European Countries at the current stage of the EU

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Tetjana Humeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Process ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Purpose.. The aim of the article is to analyze the issues of the relationship between the phenomena of convergence and divergence on the basis of the activities of the European Union. Methodology. The methodology involves a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical material on this subject, as well as formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: dialectical, terminological, formal and logical, comparative and legal, system and functional methods. Results. The study found that the crisis process observed in the development of the EU has given impetus not only to Euroscepticism, but also to the intensive search for new approaches to the development of European integration. The crisis in the EU stimulates attempts to implement the course on completing the formation of the EMU. Global financial and economic crises have a more significant negative impact on the dynamics of GDP of «outsider countries» compared to «leading countries», and differences between them are increasing as a result. The politicization of international economic relations usually strengthens the position of developed countries and weakens all others, which leads to a similar result. Imperfect policies for the integration of the emigrant population into European society are exacerbating relations between the native population of European countries and immigrants, growing anti-immigrant sentiment and mass protests by Europeans against the migration policies of national governments. Scientific novelty. The study found that most EU leaders are fully aware of the need for structural convergence, namely overcoming structural and cyclical differences among the economies of euro-area countries, as well as the main and secondary risks of divergence as a destructive phenomenon that can disrupt the established social, political, legal and economic order within the EU. Practical significance. Research materials can be used for comparative law studies.

scholarly journals Modelling and Analysis of Socio-Economic Development of the European Union Countries through the DP2 Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
The Eu

Further positive social and economic development (SED) requires modelling and analysis for evaluating its results to ground directions for future development. The purpose of the paper is to study the problem of estimating of SED, to form the methodology for modelling its results and to create an aggregated econometric indicator within the framework of unified conceptual approach for the European Union (EU) countries. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following objectives: to determine the essence of the concept of SED, to study traditional approaches to measure SED, to give an overview of the DP2 modelling method, to discover and structure the elements of SED in the EU countries and to argue a conceptual approach to modelling its outcomes. The study is based on the method of mathematical modelling in economics based on Distance P2 method. Econometric modelling, as well as regression analyze, was used to develop a synthetic indicator DP2 for evaluating SED of the EU countries. Also, the research process was based on analysis, synthesis and the system approach for information processing, as well as on the method of comparative and statistical analysis, quality and quantity analysis. The results of the deep research showed that there is no unified approach to modelling SED. The Distance P2 method was first proposed to measure SED at the national level exactly for the EU. The methodology for measuring SED specifically for the EU countries based on the conceptual approach was developed and substantiated. Based on the proposed methodology and taking into account the special characteristics of the region studied - the social and economic DP2 indicator for the EU countries was created. This study proposes to build a synthetic indicator DP2 to model results of progress in SED, especially in the EU. The practical implications of the synthetic indicator DP2 for modelling and analysis of SED of the EU countries can be a prospect for further research. Applied aspect of these studies is advising the EU's public policy with the aim of advancing. Using the DP2 synthetic indicator of SED for the EU countries will identify and substantiate the main directions for developing the country's domestic policy to improve the quality of life of the populations. Also, the results of the study can be used for advisory purposes to develop and optimize the EU development strategy 2020-2030. The value and originality of the paper lie in further application of the methodology of modelling the SED of the EU countries through synthetic indicator DP2. This will expand opportunities for increasing the national economy’s efficiency, that is highly important in terms of increased international competition.

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