Simulāciju modelis dzesēšanas paneļiem ar iebūvētu latento siltumenerģijas akumulācijas sistēmu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Renārs Millers
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Model

Promocijas darba mērķis – uz vienādojumiem balstīta simulācijas modeļa izstrāde dzēšanas panelim ar integrētu latento termālās enerģijas akumulatoru, kas ir eksperimentāli validēts un paredzēts izmatošanai gandrīz nulles enerģijas ēkās. Šāda modeļa izstrāde ir nepieciešama, lai šī tehnoloģija būtu gatava izmantošanai būvniecības industrijā. Promocijas darbs ietver literatūras apskatu un eksperimentālu pētījumu. Literatūras apskatā ir iekļauts pārskats par gandrīz nulles enerģijas ēku prasībām Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstīs, iepriekšējiem pētījumiem pasīvās dzesēšanas tehnoloģiju jomā un latento termālās enerģijas akumulatoru tehnoloģijām. Pasīvās dzesēšanas sistēmas, kas ir aplūkotas literatūras apskatā, tiek uzskatītas par potenciāliem dzesēšanas enerģijas avotiem, ko var izmantot kopā ar iepriekš minētajiem dzesēšanas paneļiem. Šo tehnoloģiju kombināciju var lietot, lai reaģētu uz telpu pārkaršanas problēmām gandrīz nulles enerģijas ēkās. Eksperimentālā pētījuma mērķis ir iepriekš minētā paneļa simulācijas modeļa izstrāde un validācija. Pētījumā izmantotais matemātiskais modelis ir izstrādāts, izmantojot dinamisko simulāciju rīku IDA ICE, un ietver apakšmodeļus, kas rakstīti NMF (Neutral Model Format) programmēšanas valodā. Simulāciju modelis ir validēts eksperimentālos mērījumos, kas veikti testa kamerā, kas izstrādāta speciāli šim pētījumam. Eksperimentālajā pētījumā veikta arī salīdzinoša analīze, kurā savstarpēji salīdzināti izstrādātā simulācijas modeļa rezultāti ar rezultātiem, kas iegūti no plūsmas dinamikas simulācijas (CFD), ko iepriekš izstrādājusi cita pētnieku komanda. Izstrādātā simulācijas modeļa precizitāte attiecībā pret eksperimentālajiem mērījumiem testa kamerā: maksimālā novirze ir 2,2 °C, vidējā kvadrātiskā kļūda – 1,01 °C. Rezultāti liecina par to, ka izstrādātā modeļa precizitāte ir līdzvērtīga vai augstāka par precizitāti, kas ziņota citos līdzīgos pētījumos. Līdz ar to var uzskatīt, ka šī modeļa precizitāte ir pietiekama, lai to izmantotu enerģijas patēriņa, termālā komforta un dzesēšanas slodžu simulācijās, kas ietver pilnu ēkas apjomu. Eksperimentālajā pētījumā ir norādīti arī vairāki izstrādātā modeļa ierobežojumi, kas būtu jāņem vērā, lai sasniegtu precizitāti, kas uzrādīta šajā pētījumā.

Protein Variation in ADH and ADH-RELATED in Drosophila pseudoobscura: Linkage Disequilibrium Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Protein Alleles

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-687
Author(s):  
Stephen W Schaeffer ◽  
C Scott Walthour ◽  
Donna M Toleno ◽  
Anna T Olek ◽  
Ellen L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Significant Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Synonymous Sites ◽  
Significant Linkage

Abstract A 3.5-kb segment of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) region that includes the Adh and Adh-related genes was sequenced in 139 Drosophila pseudoobscura strains collected from 13 populations. The Adh gene encodes four protein alleles and rejects a neutral model of protein evolution with the McDonald-Kreitman test, although the number of segregating synonymous sites is too high to conclude that adaptive selection has operated. The Adh-related gene encodes 18 protein haplotypes and fails to reject an equilibrium neutral model. The populations fail to show significant geographic differentiation of the Adh-related haplotypes. Eight of 404 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Adh region were in significant linkage disequilibrium with three ADHR protein alleles. Coalescent simulations with and without recombination were used to derive the expected levels of significant linkage disequilibrium between SNPs and 18 protein haplotypes. Maximum levels of linkage disequilibrium are expected for protein alleles at moderate frequencies. In coalescent models without recombination, linkage disequilibrium decays between SNPs and high frequency haplotypes because common alleles mutate to haplotypes that are rare or that reach moderate frequency. The implication of this study is that linkage disequilibrium mapping has the highest probability of success with disease-causing alleles at frequencies of 10%.

scholarly journals A Genealogical Interpretation of Linkage Disequilibrium

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilean A T McVean
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Demographic Models ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Direct Correspondence ◽  
Coalescence Times

Abstract The degree of association between alleles at different loci, or linkage disequilibrium, is widely used to infer details of evolutionary processes. Here I explore how associations between alleles relate to properties of the underlying genealogy of sequences. Under the neutral, infinite-sites assumption I show that there is a direct correspondence between the covariance in coalescence times at different parts of the genome and the degree of linkage disequilibrium. These covariances can be calculated exactly under the standard neutral model and by Monte Carlo simulation under different demographic models. I show that the effects of population growth, population bottlenecks, and population structure on linkage disequilibrium can be described through their effects on the covariance in coalescence times.

Selection on X-linked Genes During Speciation in the Drosophila athabasca Complex

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Ford ◽  
Charles F Aquadro
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Background Selection ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract We present the results of a restriction site survey of variation at five loci in Drosophila athabasca, complimenting a previous study of the period locus. There is considerably greater differentiation between the three semispecies of D. athabasca at the period locus and two other X-linked genes (neon-transient-A and E74A) than at three autosomal genes (Xdh, Adh and RC98). Using a modification of the HKA test, which uses fixed differences between the semispecies and a test based on differences in Fst among loci, we show that the greater differentiation of the X-linked loci compared with the autosomal loci is inconsistent with a neutral model of molecular evolution. We explore several evolutionary scenarios by computer simulation, including differential migration of X and autosomal genes, very low levels of migration among the semispecies, selective sweeps, and background selection, and conclude that X-linked selective sweeps in at least two of the semispecies are the best explanation for the data. This evidence that natural selection acted on the X-chromosome suggests that another X-linked trait, mating song differences among the semispecies, may have been the target of selection.

scholarly journals Application of spatially hybrid fluid–kinetic neutral model on JET L-mode plasmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100969
Author(s):  
N. Horsten ◽  
M. Groth ◽  
M. Blommaert ◽  
W. Dekeyser ◽  
I. Paradela Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Model ◽  
Hybrid Fluid

scholarly journals Analytical solution of a neutral model of biodiversity

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vallade ◽  
B. Houchmandzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Neutral Model

A Neutral Model With Fluctuating Population Size and Its Effective Size

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Masaru Iizuka ◽  
Hidenori Tachida ◽  
Hirotsugu Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Harmonic Mean ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Concrete Model

Abstract We consider a diffusion model with neutral alleles whose population size is fluctuating randomly. For this model, the effects of fluctuation of population size on the effective size are investigated. The effective size defined by the equilibrium average heterozygosity is larger than the harmonic mean of population size but smaller than the arithmetic mean of population size. To see explicitly the effects of fluctuation of population size on the effective size, we investigate a special case where population size fluctuates between two distinct states. In some cases, the effective size is very different from the harmonic mean. For this concrete model, we also obtain the stationary distribution of the average heterozygosity. Asymptotic behavior of the effective size is obtained when the population size is large and/or autocorrelation of the fluctuation is weak or strong.

scholarly journals Spatially-induced nestedness in a neutral model of phage-bacteria networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Valverde ◽  
Santiago F. Elena ◽  
Ricard Solé
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Property ◽  
Continuous Approximation ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Spatial Lattice ◽  
Recognition Rule ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction ◽  
Allele Model ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions ◽  
Diverse Virus

Ecological networks, both displaying mutualistic or antagonistic interactions, seem to share common structural traits: the presence of nestedness and modularity. A variety of model approaches and hypothesis have been formulated concerning the significance and implications of these properties. In phage-bacteria bipartite infection networks, nestedness seems to be the rule in many different contexts. Modeling the coevolution of a diverse virus-host ensemble is a difficult task, given the dimensionality and multi parametric nature of a standard continuous approximation. Here we show that this can actually be overcome by using a simple model of coevolving digital genomes on a spatial lattice and having exactly the same properties, i.e. a genome-independent fitness associated to fixed growth and death parameters. A matching allele model of phage-virus recognition rule is enough to generate a complex, diverse ecosystem with heterogeneous patterns of interaction and nestedness, provided that interactions take place under a spatially-constrained setting. It is found that nestedness seems to be an emergent property of the coevolutionary dynamics. Our results indicate that the enhanced diversity resulting from localized interactions strongly promotes the presence of nested infection matrices.

On Preconditioning for the Two-Field Neutral Model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Christopher ◽  
Andrew Davis ◽  
Xinfeng Gao ◽  
Debojyoti Ghosh ◽  
Mikhail Dorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Model

Development of a Neutral Model-based Catalog Generation System to Support 3D Design of a Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunoh Lee ◽  
Yoenju Bae ◽  
Soonjo Kwon ◽  
Byung Chul Kim ◽  
Duhwan Mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Model ◽  
Generation System ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Model Based
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