scholarly journals Development of Renewable Feedstock Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam and Nanoclay Composites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Miķelis Kirpļuks
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Polyol Synthesis ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Renewable Feedstock ◽  
Pu Foams ◽  
Impact Absorption ◽  
Halogenated Flame Retardants

Rigid PU foams are versatile material commonly applied as a thermal insulation material. It can be applied as an impact absorption material in the automotive industry if material with sufficient mechanical properties has been developed. Further increase in mechanical properties can be achieved by developing nano-reinforced rigid PU foams. Majority of commercially used rigid PU foams are produced from non-renewable petrochemical-based raw materials. Although, renewable feedstock, as well as recycled materials, can be used to obtain rigid PU foams with equal properties. In this work, several bio-based, as well as APP polyols, have been used to develop rigid PU foams. Rigid PU foam thermal insulation material has to fulfil demanding flammability requirements. This is achieved by the introduction of different flame retardants into the material structure from which most common are halogenated flame retardants. Halogenated flame retardants are associated with different health hazards, thus their phase-out from the market can be expected. A good alternative to halogenated flame retardants are intumescent flame retardant solutions. The results and discussion of this thesis are divided into three parts: Part 1 describes the development of high-density rigid PU foam material for application as impact absorption material in the automotive industry. Sustainable origin polyols have been used to develop rigid PU foams and their influence on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the material has been studied. To further increase mechanical properties of the rigid PU foams a nano-composite with montmorillonite nano-clay was developed. Lastly, most optimal rigid PU foam formulations were upscaled to produce real scale automotive part, which was tested according to the European Union’s crash test requirements. Part 2 describes the development of rigid PU foam thermal insulation from bio-based polyols. Halogenated flame retardants were replaced using non-halogenated alternatives. Intumescent flame retardants, such as expandable graphite was used to significantly reduce the flammability of the rigid PU foam. Part 3; during high-density rigid PU foam development it was discovered that used bio-based polyols have too low OH group functionality. Thus, the functionality of the polyols was increased by developing different bio-polyol synthesis method. Rapeseed oil, as well as tall oil, were used as feedstock for high functionality bio-based polyol synthesis. The first step was an epoxidation of the unsaturated moieties of the bio-based oils. Afterwards, oxirane ring opening with different polyfunctional alcohols and simultaneous transesterification/esterification reactions were used to obtain desired polyol structures.

scholarly journals Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Protected with Mineral Intumescent Mat

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikelis Kirpluks ◽  
Ugis Cabulis ◽  
Viesturs Zeltins ◽  
Laura Stiebra ◽  
Andris Avots
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Fibre Products ◽  
Pu Foams

Abstract One of the biggest disadvantages of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams is its low thermal resistance, high flammability and high smoke production. Greatest advantage of this thermal insulation material is its low thermal conductivity (λ), which at 18-28 mW/(m•K) is superior to other materials. To lower the flammability of PU foams, different flame retardants (FR) are used. Usually, industrially viable are halogenated liquid FRs but recent trends in EU regulations show that they are not desirable any more. Main concern is toxicity of smoke and health hazard form volatiles in PU foam materials. Development of intumescent passive fire protection for foam materials would answer problems with flammability without using halogenated FRs. It is possible to add expandable graphite (EG) into PU foam structure but this increases the thermal conductivity greatly. Thus, the main advantage of PU foam is lost. To decrease the flammability of PU foams, three different contents 3%; 9% and 15% of EG were added to PU foam formulation. Sample with 15% of EG increased λ of PU foam from 24.0 to 30.0 mW/(m•K). This paper describes the study where PU foam developed from renewable resources is protected with thermally expandable intumescent mat from Technical Fibre Products Ltd. (TFP) as an alternative to EG added into PU material. TFP produces range of mineral fibre mats with EG that produce passive fire barrier. Two type mats were used to develop sandwich-type PU foams. Also, synergy effect of non-halogenated FR, dimethyl propyl phosphate and EG was studied. Flammability of developed materials was assessed using Cone Calorimeter equipment. Density, thermal conductivity, compression strength and modulus of elasticity were tested for developed PU foams. PU foam morphology was assessed from scanning electron microscopy images.

Cryogenic thermal insulating and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown with hydrofluoroolefin: Effect of perfluoroalkane

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2110626
Author(s):  
Tae Seok Kim ◽  
Yeongbeom Lee ◽  
Chul Hyun Hwang ◽  
Kwang Ho Song ◽  
Woo Nyon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foams

The effect of perfluoroalkane (PFA) on the morphology, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams was investigated under ambient and cryogenic conditions. The PU foams were blown with hydrofluorolefin. Morphological results showed that the minimum cell size (153 μm) was observed when the PFA content was 1.0 part per hundred polyols by weight (php). This was due to the lower surface tension of the mixed polyol solution when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The thermal conductivity of PU foams measured under ambient (0.0215 W/mK) and cryogenic (0.0179 W/mK at −100°C) conditions reached a minimum when the PFA content was 1.0 php. The low value of thermal conductivity was a result of the small cell size of the foams. The above results suggest that PFA acted as a nucleating agent to enhanced the thermal insulation properties of PU foams. The compressive and shear strengths of the PU foams did not appreciably change with PFA content at either −170°C or 20°C. However, it shows that the mechanical strengths at −170°C and 20°C for the PU foams meet the specification. Coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal shock tests of the PU foams showed enough thermal stability for the LNG carrier’s operation temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that the PU foams blown by HFO with the PFA addition can be used as a thermal insulation material for a conventional LNG carrier.

Effect of Material Constitution on the Properties of Thermal Insulation Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Shou De Wang ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Chen Chen Gong ◽  
Ling Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cellulose Ether ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Material Constitution ◽  
Insulation Materials

Cement-based foam insulation board is a lightweight thermal insulation and have a characteristic of energy saving. The effects of material constitution on the properties of mechanical properties, dry densityand thermal conductivity for thermal insulation materials. The subject of fast hardening sulphoaluminate cement as cementitious materials, polystyrene particles as a lightweight thermal insulation material, adding a certain amount of water reducer, cellulose ethers, air entraining agent to make thermal insulation materials. The experimental results shows that the appropriate material constitution is following: the cement-bead ratio is 12, the ratio is 0.65, the water-cement ratio is 0.4, the content of water reducer is 0.5%, the content of cellulose ether is 0.4%, the content of the air entraining agent is 0.4% .This mix ratio test of mechanical properties are: flexural strength is 0.72MPa, compressive strength is 1.24MPa, dry density is 375kg/m3, water content is 2.3%, water absorption is 10.8%, softening coefficient is 0.95 and coefficient of thermal conductivity is 0.053 W/ (m K).

scholarly journals Sustainable insulating foams based on recycled polyurethanes from construction and demolition wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Edurne Elorza ◽  
Ibon Aranberri ◽  
Xiangming Zhou ◽  
Gediminas Kastiukas ◽  
Juan Antonio Alduncin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pu Foams

Background: Polyurethane (PU) foams contained in construction and demolition wastes (CDW) represent a great environmental impact, since they usually end in landfill or incineration processes. The goal of this work is to develop a way to formulate PU foams, maintaining (or ever improving) their performance, by the re-use of those industrial wastes. This procedure will allow minimize both the volume of disposal to be treated by other ways and the amount of pristine raw material needed to produce new PU foams. Methods: In this work, new rigid and soft polyurethane (PU) foams have been formulated with addition of recycled PU foams coming from demolition of buildings. Density, Fourier transform infrared analysis, compression properties and thermal conductivity were measured to characterize the resulting foams. Results: The work showed that addition of filler coming from recycled PU foams should be limited to low percentages, in order to allow good foam evolution from the reactants. Thermal conductivity values of modified rigid foams are worse than those of pristine foam, which is undesirable for thermal insulation purposes; however, in the case of soft foams, this parameter improved to some extent with low levels of recycled PU foam addition. Conclusions: The studied procedure could contribute to reduce the thermal conductivity of pristine soft PU foam, which would be of interest for applications where thermal insulation matters.

scholarly journals Development of Innovative Polyol Systems From Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Renewable Raw Materials for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aiga Ivdre
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Pu Foams

The Thesis aims to develop innovative polyols suitable for the production of rigid PU foam from recycled PET flakes and renewable raw material resources (rapeseed oil and tall oil) and to evaluate the effect of polyols on the most important properties of rigid PU foams as a thermal insulation material.

Study on Polyurethane Foam Insulation Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Zhang Lu ◽  
Dan Xia ◽  
Zhen An
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Stannous Octoate

The foaming reaction so that all water-gel reaction and foaming reaction to reach equilibrium, the excellent thermal insulation material was prepared by the regulation of the catalyst, a nucleating agent and an isocyanate. By experiment we know that the amount of stannous octoate catalyst 6%, 4% of the amount of nucleating agent CaCO3, and the case of 100% of the amount of isocyanate, the density of the foam material and the mechanical properties of the insulation material to achieve the best value.

scholarly journals High Functionality Bio-Polyols from Tall Oil and Rigid Polyurethane Foams Formulated Solely Using Bio-Polyols

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikelis Kirpluks ◽  
Edgars Vanags ◽  
Arnis Abolins ◽  
Slawomir Michalowski ◽  
Anda Fridrihsone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Tall Oil Fatty Acids

High-quality rigid polyurethane (PU) foam thermal insulation material has been developed solely using bio-polyols synthesized from second-generation bio-based feedstock. High functionality bio-polyols were synthesized from cellulose production side stream—tall oil fatty acids by oxirane ring-opening as well as esterification reactions with different polyfunctional alcohols, such as diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, and diethanolamine. Four different high functionality bio-polyols were combined with bio-polyol obtained from tall oil esterification with triethanolamine to develop rigid PU foam formulations applicable as thermal insulation material. The developed formulations were optimized using response surface modeling to find optimal bio-polyol and physical blowing agent: c-pentane content. The optimized bio-based rigid PU foam formulations delivered comparable thermal insulation properties to the petro-chemical alternative.

Effect of latex powder and glass fibers on the performance of glazed hollow bead thermal insulation materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Guozhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resistance Performance

AbstractGlazed hollow bead, cement, fly ash, and latex powder were used to prepare a glazed hollow bead thermal insulation material by way of compression molding, and the effects of redispersible latex powder on the mechanical properties and water resistance performance of the material were studied. In addition, the action mechanism of latex powder was analyzed. The surface of alkali-resistant glass fibers was treated by styrene-acrylic emulsion, and the effects of glass fibers on the mechanical properties of glazed hollow bead thermal insulation materials before and after treatment were studied, respectively. Moreover, the fracture morphology of the samples was observed and analyzed to explore the reinforced mechanism of fiber. The results show that when the dosage of latex powder is 4%, compared with blank samples, the sample’s flexural and compressive strengths increase by 48% and 20.83%, respectively, and the 2-h and 24-h water absorption of the samples is reduced by 71.37% and 66.94%, respectively. When the dosage of surface-treated fibers is 1.0%, the flexural strength of the samples increases by 35.71% and the compressive strength of the samples increases by 8.34% compared with samples that were mixed with untreated fibers.

scholarly journals Sustainable insulating foams based on recycled polyurethanes from construction and demolition wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Edurne Elorza ◽  
Ibon Aranberri ◽  
Xiangming Zhou ◽  
Gediminas Kastiukas ◽  
Juan Antonio Alduncin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pu Foams

Background: Polyurethane (PU) foams contained in construction and demolition wastes (CDW) represent a great environmental impact, since they usually end in landfill or incineration processes. The goal of this work is to develop a way to formulate PU foams, maintaining (or ever improving) their performance, by the re-use of those industrial wastes. This procedure will allow minimize both the volume of disposal to be treated by other ways and the amount of pristine raw material needed to produce new PU foams. Methods: In this work, new rigid and soft polyurethane (PU) foams have been formulated with addition of recycled PU foams coming from demolition of buildings. Density, Fourier transform infrared analysis, compression properties and thermal conductivity were measured to characterize the resulting foams. Results: The work showed that addition of filler coming from recycled PU foams should be limited to low percentages, in order to allow good foam evolution from the reactants. Thermal conductivity values of modified rigid foams are worse than those of pristine foam, which is undesirable for thermal insulation purposes; however, in the case of soft foams, this parameter improved to some extent with low levels of recycled PU foam addition. Conclusions: The studied procedure could contribute to reduce the thermal conductivity of pristine soft PU foam, which would be of interest for applications where thermal insulation matters.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Foam Composites Reinforced with Renewable Fillers for Cryogenic Insulation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4089
Author(s):  
Beatrise Sture ◽  
Laima Vevere ◽  
Mikelis Kirpluks ◽  
Daniela Godina ◽  
Anda Fridrihsone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Tall Oil Fatty Acids ◽  
Cryogenic Insulation ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Sawdust, microcellulose and nanocellulose and their silanized forms were used to reinforce rigid polyurethane (PU) foam composites. The concentration of fillers was varied in the range of 0.5–1.5%. For rigid PU foam formulations, three polyols from recycled and renewable materials were used, among other components. Polyols were obtained from rapeseed oil, tall oil fatty acids and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. As rigid PU foam composites in literature have been described as appropriate thermal insulation material, the appliance of obtained composites for cryogenic insulation was investigated by determining the various physical-mechanical properties of composites. The physical-mechanical properties, such as the modulus of elasticity, compressive and tensile strength in both 293 K and 77 K, adhesion measurements with and without cryo-shock, apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient, and safety coefficient were measured. The results showed that the addition of fillers did not give a significant improvement of characteristics.

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