scholarly journals An Exploration of Cyberspace Security R&D Investment Strategies for DARPA: ''The Day After...in Cyberspace II''

10.7249/mr797 ◽  
1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Anthony Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Investment Strategies ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Cyberspace Security

The relation between R&D accounting treatment and the risk of the firm: Evidence from the Italian market

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Cimini ◽  
Alessandro Gaetano ◽  
Alessandra Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Italian Market ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Firm Evidence

In this paper, we investigate the relation between the different accounting treatments of R&D expenditures and the risk of the entity in order to identify under which treatment insiders are more likely to carry out earnings management. By analysing the R&D investment strategies of a sample of 137 listed Italian entities that complied with the requirements of IAS 38 during fiscal year 2009, following Lantz and Sahut (2005), we calculate several indexes that show the preferences of insiders to account R&D expenditures as costs or capital assets, and we study the relation of such preferences with the risk of the entity, which we measure with the unlevered beta. We hypothesize that the entities, which considered the R&D investments as costs, are the riskiest ones due to the higher probability that insiders carried out earnings management. Our results confirm such hypothesis. This paper could have implications for academics and standard setters that could learn that behind accounting discretion, insiders could opportunistically behave against outsiders.

The characteristics of institutional R&D investment in the STEM field under policy streams over time

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032098638
Author(s):  
Youngsik Hwang
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
The Government ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Over Time

The STEM field has contributed significantly to the development of society because its findings result in new technology, which gives people more efficient tools and methods for a better standard of living. Postsecondary institutions have trained STEM field graduates through advanced curricula and learning environments. Compared to other academic fields, STEM requires more monetary support for research from the institution or the government because STEM research often requires expensive equipment installation or the introduction of new technologies. This paper overviews institutional support for STEM education and research by the regime of recent U.S. governments and examines the characteristics of R&D (research and development) expenditure. The results indicate that the R&D expenditures of the STEM field show continuous support for the different type of institutions, regardless of governments over time. However, they have tried to diversify the R&D investment by the type of R&D field and institutional type. Even though the government has tried to increase the total size of R&D expenditure through various resources, they still need to consider the equity and diversity issues for even further R&D investment strategies. A further research direction would search for the detailed action and strategies to support the STEM field according to their types of support or expectation.

Simulation of R&D investment strategies

Omega ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Douglas Bender ◽  
Edmund B Pyle ◽  
Wilfred J Westlake ◽  
Bryce Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Investment Strategies ◽  
D Investment
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