scholarly journals Ethics at the Intersection of Crisis Translation and Humanitarian Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Matthew Hunt ◽  
Sharon O’Brien ◽  
Patrick Cadwell ◽  
Dónal P. O’Mathúna
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Humanitarian Ethics ◽  
Humanitarian Values ◽  
The Relationship

Language and its translation are important operational concerns in humanitarian crisis response. Information sharing, coordination, collaboration and relationship-building all revolve around the ability to communicate effectively. However, doing so is hampered in many humanitarian crises by linguistic differences and a lack of access to adequate translation. Various innovative practices and products are being developed and deployed with the goal of addressing these concerns. In this theoretical paper, we critically appraise the ethical terrain of crisis translation and humanitarian innovation. We identify ethical issues related to three broad themes. First, we foreground questions of justice in access to translation and its prioritisation in contexts of widespread and pressing needs. Second, we consider the relationship between humanitarian ethics and the ethics of crisis translation. We argue for the importance of attending to epistemic justice in humanitarian crisis response, and consider how Ricoeur’s conception of linguistic hospitality provides insights into how relationships in humanitarian settings can be understood through the lens of an ethics of exchange while also acknowledging the steep asymmetries that often exist in these contexts. Finally, we identify issues related to how translation innovations intersect with humanitarian values and humanitarians’ ethical commitments.

Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pesapane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant.  In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Consent for the Reuse of Data in Health Data Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex McKeown ◽  
Miranda Mourby ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Sophie Walker ◽  
Mark Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractData platforms represent a new paradigm for carrying out health research. In the platform model, datasets are pooled for remote access and analysis, so novel insights for developing better stratified and/or personalised medicine approaches can be derived from their integration. If the integration of diverse datasets enables development of more accurate risk indicators, prognostic factors, or better treatments and interventions, this obviates the need for the sharing and reuse of data; and a platform-based approach is an appropriate model for facilitating this. Platform-based approaches thus require new thinking about consent. Here we defend an approach to meeting this challenge within the data platform model, grounded in: the notion of ‘reasonable expectations’ for the reuse of data; Waldron’s account of ‘integrity’ as a heuristic for managing disagreement about the ethical permissibility of the approach; and the element of the social contract that emphasises the importance of public engagement in embedding new norms of research consistent with changing technological realities. While a social contract approach may sound appealing, however, it is incoherent in the context at hand. We defend a way forward guided by that part of the social contract which requires public approval for the proposal and argue that we have moral reasons to endorse a wider presumption of data reuse. However, we show that the relationship in question is not recognisably contractual and that the social contract approach is therefore misleading in this context. We conclude stating four requirements on which the legitimacy of our proposal rests.

scholarly journals The Effects of External and Internal Factors on Competitive Advantage—Moderation of Market Dynamism and Mediation of Customer Relationship Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4066
Author(s):  
Romina Cheraghalizadeh ◽  
Hossein Olya ◽  
Mustafa Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Using a resource-based view and dynamic capabilities approach, this study investigates both the internal and external factors influencing competitive advantage in the hotel industry. For this purpose, we examine how organizational capabilities may lead to customer relationship building and in turn to competitive advantage. We further test the moderation role of market dynamism on the relationship between organizational capabilities and customer relationship building, and also investigate the mediation effect of customer relationship building on the association between organizational capabilities and competitive advantage. A questionnaire-based study was conducted among hotel employees in Northern Cyprus to test the conceptual model. A set of approaches was applied to detect common method bias and test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between the variables, and bootstrapping analysis was applied to assess the mediation and moderation effects. The results revealed that organizational capabilities enhance customer relationship building and competitive advantage. Market dynamism as an external factor moderates the relationship between organizational capabilities and customer relationship building. There is also an indirect association between organizational capabilities and competitive advantage through the mediation of customer relationship building. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Understanding the Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction, Customer Engagement and Repeat Purchase Behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292199259
Author(s):  
Devika Rani Sharma ◽  
Balgopal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Repeat Purchase ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Emergence of technology has not only boosted the growth of customer engagement but has also paved way for customers to become active co-creators with the firms. Customer engagement activities are taking over the customer relationship building activities in the present scenario. Customers’ experience with a particular brand has its impact on satisfaction levels and their repurchasing intention in future as well. According to Rosetta Consulting report an engaged customer is likely to buy 90% more frequently and may spend 300% more than other customers. Hence, the present has tried to understand the mediating role of satisfaction on customer engagement in retaining the customers or persuading the customers to repurchase. The results show that there exists a significant mediation effect of customer satisfaction in influencing their repeat purchase behaviour.

Application of Practice Oriented–Peer Review for Prosthodontics (PRO-PReP)—A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742199014
Author(s):  
Varsha Murthy ◽  
KR Sethuraman ◽  
Sunayana Choudhury ◽  
R Shakila
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Residency Education ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Balint Method

Objective Communication skills diminish with time and must be applied and updated frequently. Due to various professional constraints, the dentists may not be able to attend training programs to sharpen their skills. During patient interactions, dentists may face difficult situations which they may be unable to handle and, consequently, make them overreact. Therefore, there is a need to provide a platform to freely discuss their feelings, ideas, and take opinion from peers. Methods Training in communication skills customized for dealing with complete denture patients was conducted for the prosthodontic postgraduates. Based on feedback obtained, it was decided to have periodic meetings and the concept of Practice-Oriented–Peer Review for Prosthodontics (PrO-PReP) was introduced. This novel concept is a combination of the Relationship building, exploring Reactions, exploring Content, and Coaching (R2C2) model of residency education and the Balint method. The meetings were scheduled every one or two months based on the available caseload of the patients treated by the postgraduates. Results The thematic analysis of the postgraduates’ self-reflection during the sessions and the video recorded observations (assessed using the Kalamazoo scale) revealed that these sessions were effective in positively engaging the postgraduates to discuss their experiences, reflect on their performances, practice their newly gained skills, and learn from peer sharing. Conclusion The postgraduates felt that they have changed in their working style and were more confident to manage patients. They found such sessions very useful for being updated with the already-learned skills.

Attitude of person living with psychosis towards MH professionals: A qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s843-s843
Author(s):  
K. Vaiphei ◽  
P. Sreedaran ◽  
V. Sathyanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

AimsStudies investigating attitudes of people with mental illness are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate person living with psychosis on their attitudes and perception towards the mental health professionals in contact with mental health services.MethodsAn in-depth interview was used to explore their lived experiences and attitude towards mental health professionals.ResultsBoth negative and positive attitudes were prevalent among the patients. Most negative attitudes concerned on not giving time, the MHPs are most interested in financial gains. They felt attitude changes according to diagnosis, psychosis perceived as diagnosis with violence; they are more interested in protecting themselves, perception that treating symptoms and not cause of illness. On the contrary, they felt positive on the relationship and time given to them.Discussion and conclusions The PLWI's attitude to MHPs could be a product of the type of admission (forced upon), symptoms related or on the type of service settings. The present study is purely qualitative, single settings, could not be generalised. However it points on the need for sensitization of MHPs and relationship building oriented intervention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Ethical dimension of circle Integrative Community Therapy on qualitative research

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Paula Renata Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Elisangela Cerencovich ◽  
Laura Filomena Santos de Araújo ◽  
Roseney Bellato ◽  
Sonia Ayako Tao Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship

This study discusses ethical issues in research involving human beings and seeks to understand the relationship between qualitative research and the ethical care guidelines for Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) circles based on Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. This is documentary research, which analyzed Resolution 466/12 and ICT circles seeking to make a connection between the ethical guidelines contained in both. The analysis of the corpus was directed toward the construction of the following results: the person's perception, cultural diversity and community. It also brings in consideration of the influence of the ethical dimension of the ICT circles on qualitative research. We conclude that ICT circles are innovative in the sense of the diversity of participants and respect for cultural and social differences. Thus, ICT circles promote acquisition of quality information for social research as well as compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in Resolution No. 466/12.

scholarly journals Computer knows best? The need for value-flexibility in medical AI

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind J McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Relationship

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being developed for use in medicine, including for diagnosis and in treatment decision making. The use of AI in medical treatment raises many ethical issues that are yet to be explored in depth by bioethicists. In this paper, I focus specifically on the relationship between the ethical ideal of shared decision making and AI systems that generate treatment recommendations, using the example of IBM’s Watson for Oncology. I argue that use of this type of system creates both important risks and significant opportunities for promoting shared decision making. If value judgements are fixed and covert in AI systems, then we risk a shift back to more paternalistic medical care. However, if designed and used in an ethically informed way, AI could offer a potentially powerful way of supporting shared decision making. It could be used to incorporate explicit value reflection, promoting patient autonomy. In the context of medical treatment, we need value-flexible AI that can both respond to the values and treatment goals of individual patients and support clinicians to engage in shared decision making.

scholarly journals Corporate reputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pires ◽  
Guilherme Trez
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different approaches to the corporate reputation construct, in order to identify a comprehensive definition that can be used for measurement purposes, gaps identified by previous literature identified. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical essay. The authors analyzed studies that involve the relationship between corporate reputation and organizational performance, and the attributes of national and international corporate reputation ratings. Findings The authors identified a more comprehensive definition for the reputation construct, and indicated courses for the construct’s measurement, by considering: the judgment by the stakeholders (internal, suppliers, clients and the financial market); periodical evaluations under different organizational perspectives; attention to theoretical assumptions, among other aspects. Research limitations/implications The study is a theoretical paper that presents that the research field has many definitions that cannot be used interchangeably. It indicated how the reputation construct should be operationalized for measurement purposes. This study presented a reflection on the relationship between corporate reputation and performance, showing that it is not a settled topic in the academy. Practical implications The study advances the understanding of the reputation construct measurement, considering the adopted definition and the discussion of the attributes of the main ratings on corporate reputation. The adoption of a measurement method that takes into account the definition used in this study and the features of the methodologies discussed will improve the corporate reputation assessment. Social implications Literature indicates that a good corporate reputation can affect organizational performance and the inverse relationship is also true. As a social implication, it is extremely relevant to improve the understanding the definition and measurement methods of this construct. Originality/value This study discusses one of the most important intangible resources for organizations, contributing to the understanding of the difference between the market value and the book value of public companies. Besides it should be considered that there is one lack of a definition directly related to the measurement of the reputation construct in the literature, a gap in which this study contributes.

Virtuous Business Intelligence

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McBride
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines three approaches to ethics and focuses on the development of character and the practice of virtue in business intelligence (BI). The paper describes BI as a tool for mediating the relationships between pairs of stakeholders such as management and customer. Three aspects of the relationship which benefit ethically from the practice of virtues are discussed: the purpose of the BI, the prejudices behind the BI and the power of the stakeholders. The connection between the ethics of BI and the corporate ethics is discussed. Without the practice of virtues, BI may be recruited to support corporate vices of exploitation, exposure, exclusion, coercion, control and concealment. The paper seeks to highlight the importance of ethical issues in BI practice and suggests the development of an ethical balanced scorecard as a vehicle for developing ethical senstitivity.

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